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In this Confucian cultural circle, which person has not read 'ancient texts' since he became literate. ... ≦ "Thousand Character Text", "Persuasion", and "Hundred Family Names", which one is not catchy and has a huge difference from the vernacular?

That's right, at this time, it also paid attention to the smooth flow of literature and science, and the words were simple and easy to understand, and the Great Song Dynasty even set off an ancient literature movement, which was to improve the situation that the writing was difficult to understand, but even the Song Dynasty's 'quotations' style, which is said to be the most popular and close to the spoken language in the world, is only a relatively difficult ancient text, and they are still very different from the real vernacular.

Decide what is the biggest difference between scholars and ordinary people!

Not literacy.

Rather, on the basis of literacy, understand ancient texts and read the classics. If you can't read the classics, you can only be regarded as literate at all, and you can't enter the circle of readers.

"Ancient texts cherish ink like gold. "The Qin Dynasty is very strict, "It pays attention to refining words, beauty, to suppress rhyme, fighting, and has a sense of rhythm, which is a good thing, especially in classics, literature, history, poetry, prose, etc., which is wonderful and indescribable, but you have also seen that the books I bought from the Song Kingdom in Dali must be annotated. ”

"Comment!" the four teenagers were stunned.

In fact, not only the books purchased from the Song Kingdom with annotations, but also Buddhist scriptures, Taoist collections, and Dali Guo printed by themselves, and many of them are annotated, and there are no annotations because Tianlong Temple uses them themselves, and there are masters in the temple.

So the scriptures can be explained by word of mouth.

"It is possible to misunderstand without a comment, but with a comment. Qin Chao snorted in his nose, "Isn't it wrong to understand the annotations? Do you really understand the meaning of the classics of Confucius and Lao Tzu? Are those annotations made by the Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties really the true intentions of Confucius and Lao Tzu?"

Qin Hu and the others were shocked, indeed, all the interpretations are hypotheses drawn from their own experience and ideas after being studied by later generations, and no one really knows whether they are in line with the author's real point of view.

Since the Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, He Yan, Zhu Xi and many other masters of various dynasties have commented on it, each holding a single word. ”

The biggest disadvantage of ancient texts is inaccuracy, which is used to write poems, "Analects", "Tao Te Ching" and other literary styles is very good, but it makes people read a kind of literary brilliance, broad and profound, unfathomable, and even every time you read it, you have a new feeling. Therefore, Zhu Xi can annotate the Analects, Cheng Shude, Yang Shuda, Zheng Xuan, He Yan, Xing Yu, Liu Baonan...... Generations of readers can also make notes to their predecessors once they are dissatisfied with their predecessors' notes.

As a result, the Analects have become richer and more multidimensional.

It's very strong in style.

Scientific papers.

This kind of intuitive one-dimensionality, 'boring' can not have any ambiguity in the style......

"One of the key reasons hindering the rapid progress of ancient science and technology was the lack of a genre of 'treatises' that could directly and accurately describe things. Thinking of the words of Quan Hongrong, a master in his previous life, Qin Chao couldn't help but sigh.

"Little Dynasty ......" Qin Long's voice sounded, although he figured out why many ancient texts should be annotated, but whether it had to be in the vernacular, he was still a little puzzled.

"Do you really want to do this?" Duan Wubing also asked.

"Phew, what are you talking about!" Qin Hu snorted coldly and glared at Duan Wubing, "Xiao Chao's idea is still wrong, although I also think it doesn't seem necessary, but anyway, Xiao Chao's idea must not be wrong, and if it's wrong, it's more correct than others, well, that's it." ”

"Wu Bing, listen to Xiao Chao. Qin Qi also said in a low voice.

As soon as Qin Qi and Qin Hu said this, although Qin Long and Duan Wubing were puzzled, they still nodded: "Okay, I will write vernacular in the future." ”

Both of them have also read history.

Historically, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty set a precedent for writing 'vernacular', known as the Guwen Movement, which was basically opposed to the prose style, advocating close to the spoken language and free expression, and then Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Zeng Gong, Wang Anshi and others in the Song Dynasty also had the same movement.

It's just that this time, the Qin Dynasty was different from Ouyang Xiu, Han Yu, Wang Anshi and others who still hugged the pipa and half-covered their faces, and they took off naked all of a sudden, making it more extreme and thorough.

"It's all in the vernacular, it's not necessary. ”

Qin Chao squinted his eyes and swept the four of them: "Now the whole world of the Song Kingdom, the Liao Kingdom, the Western Xia, and the surrounding scholars all use ancient texts, we are in this environment, naturally we can't only use white texts, and ancient texts also have their wonders, used in some genres such as philosophy and literature, the artistic conception is three-dimensional and grand, such a good style, how can we not use it?"

"Oh?"

Qin Long and Duan Wubing shrugged slightly: "Xiao Chao, do you mean that we only use it in ......?"

"Philosophy, literature, like prose, and even military writing strategies, can be written in ancient languages. Qin Chao's voice was low, "But when it comes to exercises, when it comes to writing specific and clear application texts, this is different, and the general requirement here is that it is not informal." ”

"Doesn't it have to be vernacular?"

"Even if you can use the vernacular, you can also use ancient texts, allusions, and you can also pay attention to the rhyme of the battle, but the prerequisite requirement is that you must write logically and rigorously, and you can't make people ambiguous from the literal, or you have to think for a long time to understand, or even you can only understand the ineffable, play guessing, as for what is logical, etc., I will give you another lesson in the future. ”

"In short, this application must be clearly understood, second, it must be the most time-saving and labor-saving, you write the most time-saving, others can read it and understand it, and third, it must be ......" rules spit out from Qin Chao's mouth.

"Must be clear?"

"When writing, you should save time and effort, and others should read the most time and effort?"

......

Listening to this rule, Qin Long and Duan Wubing, who were still a little happy at first, were a little dumbfounded, although they did not stick to the ancient texts, but to do what the Qin Dynasty said, what style of writing was the best?

Soon Qin Chao finished a total of seven requirements, and grinned: "Although my request is informal, but everything is difficult at the beginning, overkill must be overcorrected, from now on, within a year, all application essays must be written in the vernacular, so that the soil can no longer be written in the vernacular, a year later, it is truly informal." ”

"In addition, I also have eight requirements for this vernacular, one is not to avoid vulgar words and sayings, not to talk about battles, and not to use ......"

Naturally, these eight points are all the famous eight propositions written in the "Discussion on Literary Reform" when Hu Shi advocated vernacular literature during the May Fourth Movement that year.

And then—

Punctuation mark!

Numbers, nouns!

Essay Standard Format!

......

Each of the requirements was directly moved by the Qin Dynasty from the previous life, which is naturally completely different from the current society and the other sects of the entire Martial Arts Palace.

Why punctuation?

Why define a noun?

Why Appendix Reference Books?

The Qin Dynasty didn't bother to explain, and Qin Long, Duan Wubing, Qin Hu, and Qin Qi were puzzled by these requirements, and sometimes felt that many of them were actually redundant, but after all, they were convinced that the Qin Dynasty, especially Qin Hu and Qin Qi, had many requests that Qin Dynasty nodded and agreed without thinking about it, and Qin Long and Duan Wubing were more intelligent, sometimes they felt unnecessary at first glance, but after thinking about it deeply, they felt that it was very necessary, and they had to do it.

"Ancient Chinese - Innovation, switching to vernacular Chinese, looks simple, the benefits of which can be understood as soon as you think about it, a little bit is clear, but thousands of years of ancient Chinese history, only in the May Fourth Movement, because of the West dizzy, the reform was successful in one fell swoop. ”

For thousands of years, there were no smart people in China?

Qin Hu, Qin Qi, Qin Long, and Duan Wubing, even when the Qin Dynasty explained why they used vernacular, were still confused, not because they were not smart, nor because they had prejudices, but because the matter itself was relatively complex and vague, and it was difficult to think through it completely.

After the morning talk about the full body rules.

"Now I'll teach you arithmetic!" After lunch, Qin Chao stood in front of a huge empty wall with chalk in his hand.

"Arithmetic?"

Duan Wubing's eyes lit up, arithmetic, they used to be the same as normal readers in this era, they didn't pay much attention to it, they studied seriously last year, just for the sake of year comparison, and after getting the mathematical knowledge such as equations and geometry taught by the Qin Dynasty, after the annual examination, although they still don't attach much importance to it, they are full of confidence in their hearts, thinking that there are not many arithmetic problems that can be rare in the world.

But this time I came to the Martial Arts Hall.

After reading a lot of materials for more than 20 days, this belief completely collapsed.

The creation of the entire martial arts, the more arithmetic will be used in the future, and all of them are difficult, Qin Hu and the others even had a feeling that they had fallen from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain overnight after seeing the complex arithmetic problems that collapsed one by one.

"Xiao Chao, what's new this time?"

Qin Qi asked with a smile.

Qin Qi, Qin Hu, Qin Long, and Duan Wubing are also looking forward to looking at the Qin Dynasty, the Martial Arts Palace's demand for arithmetic is endless, how many can the Qin Dynasty solve?

"This time it's a lecture. Qin Chao glanced at Qin Qi and said lightly, "You'd better prepare pen and paper, some of which you have to write down, and keep them in your mind permanently." ”

"Prepare pen and paper?"

Suddenly, Qin Hu's faces became solemn, with their current memory, there was no paper and pen at all for the study of many knowledge.

"I'm afraid it's not easy to talk about this time, but the more complex the better. "One by one, their eyes are bright, and they even put pen, ink, paper, and inkstone.

"Last year, I told you about Arabic numerals and various arithmetic norms. Qin Chao stood in front of everyone and smiled slightly, "Today, let's not talk about the new content...... "The young people were stunned, don't say new? I saw Qin Chao write ten numbers on the 'blackboard', concise and beautiful, all Arabic numerals, "I still start with Arabic numerals, first talk about the classification of numbers......" The voice sounded in a frustrated voice, it was indeed said before, but it was not talked about before, because it was too detailed, too cumbersome, and even multiplication and division were not mentioned after a pillar of incense.

"Xiao Chao. ”

Qin Hu finally frowned: "Is it meaningful to write these multi-digit numbers, three characters and one section, and decimal system? There are also these 'single digits', 'tens', and 'hundreds', there is no need to talk about these concepts, right?"

"Not necessary?"

Qin Chao looked at a pair of puzzled eyes, and the corners of his mouth were a little upturned.

Why is China's modern science and technology backward? An important point in the mathematics involved in the answer to Needham's paradox is that although ancient Chinese mathematics was powerful, it was not systematic.

In mathematics, earlier China was far ahead of the West, such as the Pythagorean law, pi, ...... Many of the results appeared hundreds or even nearly a thousand years earlier than in the West, but ......

Ancient Chinese mathematics had two major shortcomings.

One is algebraic, and the rest is weak.

The second is that it is not systematic, and most of it is applied mathematics.

Unsystematic and simple mathematics is nothing, but when it comes to high depths, it is not conducive to learning at all, let alone communication.

"In any discipline, basic science is the most important, and this mathematical tool must start from laying a solid foundation, and these concepts, science begins with a precise definition of concepts...... "What the Qin Dynasty has to do now is to set standards."

"Qin Shi Huang's unification of weights and measures had a ...... impact on the entire socio-economic culture and on later generations"

If you just use it yourself, you don't need anything at all, but if you want to communicate, you need a unified standard, and you need to go to the high depth of a discipline, and establish rigorous and clear professional terms, concepts, formulas, etc., which have a very big effect on the later stage, which has been scientifically demonstrated.

"What is power, open square, what is sine cosine, tangent cotangent, you can't give an example every time you talk about this!"

It really explained, Qin Chao had a lot of reasons in his stomach.

"What nonsense!" Qin Chao glared at Qin Hu, "Remember, these definitions, theorems and formulas must be memorized, and also, carefully figure out how I reason, how to write concept definitions, and write exercises and articles in the future, and follow this, well, continue to take ......classes now."

......

Talking about mathematics.

"Note that the distributive property is defined as two numbers multiplied by one identical number......"

"And it can't be said that two men are in love with the same woman, that's a change of concept, and it can't be defined like this......"

While teaching mathematics, the Qin Dynasty also repeatedly instilled the three elements of science, the transformation method, the counter-argument method, the equivalence method, and falsificationism, and a set of rigorous laws and various methods that must be followed when doing scientific research in the previous life. (My novel "Happy Martial Arts" will have more fresh content on the official WeChat platform, and there will also be a 1oo% lottery gift for everyone!Open WeChat now, click on the "+" sign in the upper right corner "Add Friends", search for the official account "qdread" and follow, hurry up!)

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