Bronze ware, known as "gold" or "jijin" in ancient times, is an alloy of red copper and other chemical elements such as tin and lead, and its patina is blue-green.

The use of bronze tools began in the late Neolithic period in Turkey and Iraq, as well as copper beads excavated from the ancient TellRamad site in Syria. Chinese bronzes began from Majiayao to the Qin and Han dynasties, and the Shang and Zhou dynasties were the most exquisite. It has appeared in the early period of Yangshao culture and Majiayao culture in China.

Small tools or ornaments first appeared in China, and bronze vessels and weapons began to appear in the Xia Dynasty. In the middle of the Shang Dynasty, the variety of bronzes was already abundant, and inscriptions and fine patterns appeared. From the late Shang period to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, it was the heyday of the development of bronze ware, with a variety of types, thick and dignified, gradually lengthened inscriptions, and rich patterns.

Subsequently, the bronze carcass began to thin and the ornamentation was gradually simplified. From the late Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, due to the popularization and use of ironware, copper tools became less and less. During the Qin and Han dynasties, as pottery and lacquerware entered daily life, the variety of copper vessels decreased, the decoration was simple, mostly plain, and the carcass was thinner.

The Chinese bronzes are exquisitely made and enjoy a high reputation and artistic value in the world's bronzes, representing the superb technology and culture of the development of Chinese bronzes for more than 5,000 years.

The Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago brought us the most shocking thing, in addition to the oracle bone inscription, there is actually another item, bronze. Three thousand years ago, China was the Shang Dynasty, after which there was a Western Zhou Dynasty, and before the Shang Dynasty there was a Xia Dynasty. Xia, Shang, and Zhou together are the Bronze Age of China, and that period of history is the history of the Bronze Age.

Bronze is an alloy of copper, lead and tin, which is the main element, and of course there are some other trace or trace elements. Generally speaking, bronze refers to copper-lead, copper-tin, or copper-lead-tin alloys.

As for why people made bronzes at that time, because bronzes were used as a social symbol or cultural symbol, which is why bronzes were so developed in China.

The Bronze Age in China was different from that of the West, and the bronze artifacts unearthed in their time were all tools, ornaments, and occasionally a few human faces. However, almost all of the bronzes in China are containers.

But if you really break open the container, what is it? Ding, the original function of cooking meat, gui, food, goose, wine, wine, jue, wine, jar, wei, all of which are wine vessels.

If you really want to break it down and look at the classification, it is either related to eating, or it is related to drinking, the things we make in China are all eating and drinking, and people are making tools, decorations and so on.

This is the culture of the Chinese people, called etiquette. Etiquette is inseparable from eating and drinking, in fact, etiquette originates from eating and drinking. These bronze objects are all about eating and drinking, what is going on? It is to integrate the bronze ware into the social function, into the political will, into the spiritual connotation, including religious beliefs.

Li Hao recalled the knowledge about bronzes, although he had little contact, but Li Hao believed that as long as there was a divine pupil, it should not be difficult to identify bronzes.

"Take a walk! Take a look! The bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty! There are all kinds of styles!"

Coming to the yellow area, there is a smell of earth in this area, and there is still some dirt left on the body of many bronze vessels, telling passers-by that they are indeed dug out of the ground.

"Tut-tut! This rust is too fake! I don't think this is from the Western Zhou Dynasty at all, but from last week!"

After walking a few stalls, the three of them were disappointed, Shi Jiayu had already begun to complain, even he could see at a glance that it was a fake, what else is this playing?

"Okay! The bronzes are very old, and they are generally the burial goods of some princes and nobles, many of which have been rescued by the state, and now there are very few of them in the people, and they are generally dug up in the last century. ”

Li Hao knows that there are absolutely very few real bronzes on the market now, and if he doesn't come across them, it can only be his bad luck.

"Boss! Look at it again! This is a beast-faced tattoo! a real good thing of the Western Zhou!"

Originally, Li Hao and the others were about to leave, but after walking around, they didn't see a real bronze, and they were somewhat disheartened, and the wood was still on the back street, and they were about to take a look, but at this time, one person's actions attracted the attention of the three people.

"Go away! Don't get in the way of my business! Bact me with a rusty bronzer!"

The boss was full of disgust, he had seen a lot of this kind of person, and every day several people came here to sell so-called ancestral objects, which were bronze!

"Boss! Oh my, it's real! This was dug up in the ground by my grandfather and someone else sixty years ago!"

Lin Jingming was anxious, seeing that the boss still refused to ask for his cup, he actually told his ancestors about the tomb robbery, you must know that in that era, there were still many people who were not well fed and clothed, for a living, let alone tomb robbery, even if it was a more crazy thing, everything was done to live.

"Hehe! Then I also said that these bronzes of mine were dug up from the ancient tombs! Does anyone believe it? Does anyone buy them? Go away! Don't affect my business here! What do you want?"

After the boss yelled, Lin Jingming found that Li Hao and they had been standing in front of his store for a long time, and when he turned around, he immediately smiled, as if nothing had happened just now.

"You're not good at these things!"

Li Hao picked up a small bronze object casually, all the things in the stall were fake, he had already seen it with his divine pupil, but this was just his trick, at this moment Li Hao was staring at the beast face tattoo in Lin Jingming's hand!

"How can it be! These are all unearthed from authentic ancient tombs! You see there is still soil brought out of here!"

The boss smiled awkwardly, he wanted to give himself a slap in the face, why did he talk so much just now!

"Hehe, boss, you didn't just say that!"

Li looked at the boss with a smile, the boss knew that he was at a loss and could only lower his head, it was because of this guy that he messed up his business, and the boss saw that Lin Jingming was still lying at the door of the store, so he almost didn't take a broom to drive him out.

"This brother, can you show me this beast-faced knight?"

Feeling the boss's unkind gaze, Lin Jingming was about to leave, but before he turned around, he was stopped by Li Hao.

"Of course!

Lin Jingming didn't expect that there were still people willing to look at his bronzes, he found many shops in a row, and they all said that they were fake, which made him almost think that the things handed down by his ancestors were fakes.

Chinese drinking culture has existed since ancient times, and the ancients in order to better enjoy the wine, also made a lot of drinking, wine containers, bronze cup is one of the ancients used to drink one of the rituals, in the late Western Zhou Dynasty gradually withdrew from the historical stage. In recent years, as the value of bronze collections has begun to recover, bronze jue cups have been valued by many collectors as a kind of bronze collection.

Bronze Jue, popular in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, is equivalent to the current wine glass. The abdomen is rounded, and there are also individual square abdomen, with a flow (i.e., a flow groove for pouring wine) at the front end of the mouth on one side, a pointed tail at the back, a column between the flow and the mouth, a handle on one side of the abdomen, and three cone-shaped long feet below. In this way, when drinking, the drinker needs to hold the wine jue, and he can drink the wine in the jue as soon as he looks up, and it can be imagined that the style of drinking during the ancient banquet is quite bold.

The carcass of Xia Daijue cup is light and thin, rough in production, oval body, long and narrow, short tail, there are no columns between the mouths, flat bottom, there are generally no inscriptions and patterns, and it is rare to see the beaded pattern. In the early Shang period, short columns began to appear between the flow and the mouth of the bronze jue cup, and the lower abdomen was hollow, and some had round holes through the carving, so that the warm wine could be ventilated when the fire was added.

After the middle Shang period, Jue evolved into a round body, a round bottom, the flow mouth was heightened, one or two more columns were set up, the column body was lengthened and moved back, the three legs were thick and angular and angular, and the body was thickened;

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a kind of jue with a ridge cast on the surface of the vessel, which was often made of cloud and thunder patterns, decorated with two or three layers of patterns, and the ornamentation was complex and exquisite.

And Lin Jingming's Jue Cup is almost completely in line with the characteristics of the mid-Shang Jue Cup, and Li Hao also found that there was a faint spiritual qi flowing out of the cup, and it was confirmed that it was genuine.

"I don't know how to sell this jue cup this brother?"

Li Hao asked, although he had less contact with bronzes, Li Hao had also learned about the approximate price.

"One hundred thousand is worth two dollars!"

Lin Jingming hesitated a little and said, he originally wanted to raise the price a little, but it was not easy to meet someone who knew the goods, he was afraid that if his price was too high, what if people didn't want it?

"You're crazy! A guy who makes rust actually sells it for 100,000 yuan! Why don't you rob it! You rust spot is made at a glance!"

Before Li Hao could speak, the boss jumped out directly, this was robbing his business! And he saw this cup, it was indeed a fake! There were so many of these things in his store, why did he fall in love with Lin Jingming's one?

"Li Hao, are you sure?"

Hearing the boss say this, Tang Yiran was also shaken, she really didn't see the authenticity of this cup, she really wanted to know how Li Hao saw it.

"Sure! Trade now!"

Li Hao asked about Lin Jingming's bank card account number, and quickly transferred 100,000 yuan to the past, seeing that there was an extra 100,000 yuan in his account, Lin Jingming was so happy.

"Brother, do you still have this kind of bronze at home?"

Li Hao just heard Lin Jingming say that this cup was stolen by his grandfather forty years ago, and since there is something coming out of the ancient tomb, there must be more than one!

"Well, I only have this one in my house, but there were many people who went to the grave with my grandfather at that time, I don't know if they have any there!"

Lin Jingming sold the beast face pattern cup, and he was very happy, so he told some of the information he knew.