After reading the "Outline of the Land Reform System", the Executive Committee immediately launched an active discussion.

Jia Zhenzhao, Minister of Finance, said first: "I look at the second article of the [Outline] that 'a small number of landlords will be appropriately compensated,' and the 'small number of landlords' here refers to what kind of landlords, and whether there are any standards, and in the second sub-article of Article 3, the rich peasants and semi-landlords and rich peasants 'expropriate part or all of their leased land', under what circumstances all the land leased by rich peasants and semi-landlords and rich peasants will be expropriated, and under what circumstances part of the land will be expropriated. There are a lot of places where it says 'appropriate compensation', but what exactly does this 'appropriate' mean, does it mean monetary compensation, or other compensation, and if so, how is it calculated, at the market price or at the price we specify, and if it is compensation from other sources, what will it be? ”

After Jia Zhenzhao finished speaking, it immediately caused a burst of discussions, because many people could see that the writing was indeed very vague in these places where there should be data, so the questions raised by Jia Zhenzhao also represented the opinions of the majority.

However, Gu Ruipeng and Zeng Dong were also prepared for this, and after listening to Jia Zhenzhao's words, Zeng Dong said: " There is indeed no standard for these aspects, because we now lack the actual experience and data of land reform, mainly with reference to the land reform movement in the old time and space, which is not possible to formulate a standard for the whole body, if we formulate a standard at will, it will not only not conform to the objective facts, but also cause us some unnecessary trouble, if the standard is set high, we can't do it, it will only damage the authority of our government, and if the standard is low, it will cause this part of the landlords, rich peasants, The semi-landlords and rich peasants were not satisfied, and they also failed to achieve our original intention, so it was better to adopt a vague attitude, treat all the incidents as they were, and determine them according to the actual situation of the parties at that time and through consultation between the two sides. ”

Gu Ruipeng said: "Of course, we are not completely without standards, but there are also some general principles, which is to see whether the landlords, rich peasants, and semi-landlords and rich peasants support our government, support and cooperate with this land reform, if there are practical actions in these aspects, and can play a certain leading demonstration effect, we can consider setting the standard of compensation higher, and the expropriated land can also be less; Second, if we look at the operating income of these landlords, rich peasants, and semi-landlord rich peasants, if they used to be mainly based on land income, they can consider using more monetary compensation, and if there are other businesses, they can be exempted from taxes. Third, if a landlord has a good reputation and high prestige in the locality, he can consider making more compensation, provided that he cannot oppose our government and the progress of this land reform. ”

An Xiangui, minister of natural resources, asked: "Is this a good thing for landowners to have only the right to operate and lease their land, but not the right to sell it? Although we practice public ownership of land, the right to use land should still be transferable; in the old time and space, wasn't it possible for China to transfer the right to use land? In this way, peasants who are good at managing land, including some landlords, will have the opportunity to acquire more land and will be able to play their role better, and this will also be able to liberate the rural productive forces and develop agricultural production." ”

Zeng Dongdao: " We have considered this, from the standpoint of the peasants, they will not transfer or sell land unless they have to, and at this stage, it is not appropriate to allow the free transfer of the right to use the land, because China is still a country dominated by agriculture, and agricultural production is still the main mode of production in society, so land is also the most important means of production, so the free transfer of the right to use land will inevitably lead to a new round of land annexation, and according to our land reform system, since the landlord's other property is not confiscated, this will be at least for a considerable period of time, the landlordThe kulaks, semi-landlords, and rich peasants were still economically stronger than the vast majority of the middle peasants and poor peasants, so they were still the main force in the new round of land annexation. However, it will be difficult to stop when new land acquisitions begin, and it is precisely because of this consideration that we believe that allowing the free transfer of land use rights at present will do more harm than good. At least we will have to wait until we have achieved initial industrialization, so that land is no longer the main means of production, and the development of industry can absorb a large number of peasants who have lost their land, before we can open up the free transfer of land use rights. In the old time and space, it was only after we achieved initial industrialization that we opened up the free transfer of land use rights. ”

Lu Hongdao, Minister of Industry: "But there is still a problem, I don't know if the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Justice have considered it, whether it is the transfer of land use rights, or the free sale of land, although it will lead to land merger, but in ancient China, land is almost the only asset that ordinary farmers can realize in a short period of time, but family life changes, Or natural disasters, most farmers can survive by selling their land, although this is only a one-time situation, but sometimes it is better than nothing, and now we prohibit the free transfer of land use rights, but what if farmers urgently need funds?"

Zeng Dong said: "This can be solved by setting up rural cooperatives or mutual aid associations to provide farmers with small amounts of money at the bottom interest rate, which can not only solve the urgent needs of farmers, but also crack down on usury in rural areas, of course, this requires us to establish and improve our financial system as soon as possible, which is not something that our Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Justice can handle." ”

Xia Bohai said: "The executive committee will move forward as soon as possible in the matter of the financial system, and this issue can be ignored for the time being." ”

Lu Hong said: "Okay, even if we have established a financial system, how to solve the problem of the recovery of the substitution, and what if the farmers cannot afford to repay the substitution, or deliberately default on the substitution?"

Gu Ruipeng said: "If you really can't afford to pay off the payment, you can consider other forms, such as work, participation in public labor, etc., if you are intentionally in arrears, it will be simpler, directly investigate their criminal responsibility, we are not engaged in charity, the land is also divided, the land tax is also less, the substitution is also given, the interest rate is still low, if you still intend to default on the payment, then you can no longer be polite." ”

After Gu Ruipeng's answer was over, no one said anything, Xia Bohai asked a few more times, but still no one asked again, so Xia Bohai announced the start of voting, and the result was 14 votes in favor, 3 abstentions, and 6 votes against the adoption of the [Outline of the Land Reform System].

After the end of the vote, Qin Zheng said: "The [Outline of the Land Reform System] has been passed, and land reform can be carried out in accordance with the [Outline], but in the process of land, I put forward a few principled requirements, and I hope that everyone will discuss it. If, after conscientiously and repeatedly checking the various data, it is still difficult to divide them, we should adopt the principle that the bottom line should not be high; it is difficult to divide the rich peasants and the rich middle peasants, and they should be classified as rich middle peasants; it is difficult to divide the rich peasants and rich peasants and choose to be classified as rich peasants; it is difficult for the landlords and semi-landlords and rich peasants to be classified as rich peasants; and it is also necessary to give the peasants after the division a chance to appeal. Second, in the process of land distribution, we should mainly rely on patient persuasion, and we should first solicit the opinions of the rich middle peasants and middle peasants on whether to keep their self-cultivated land and only replenish the insufficient land, or whether to take out their self-cultivated land and participate in the distribution, respect their own choice, and first solicit their opinions on compensation for the landlords, semi-landlords, rich peasants, and rich peasants, and strive to negotiate a plan that satisfies both sides. Third, we should resolutely suppress those landlords, semi-landlords, rich peasants, and rich peasants who are more resentful, but we must pay attention to guiding and mobilizing the masses to rise up and take the initiative to expose their crimes, and we should not be the only ones who should do it, let the masses see the excitement, and strengthen propaganda work, so as to emerge from them, cultivate and train them, but to determine the crimes of the landlords, we must seek truth from facts, and we must not turn them into a campaign to hate the rich. Fourth, we should mobilize poor peasants, hired peasants, and handicraftsmen to work in our factories, and of course it is better to draw up a detailed plan. ”

After a pause, Qin Zheng said again: "There is another point, that is, we should immediately set up a land management bureau to be responsible for the unified management of all land, now not only the rural land needs to be managed, but also the urban and suburban land also needs to be managed in a unified manner. In addition, a land reform committee will be set up to deal with land reform. ”

After listening to Qin Zheng's words, everyone couldn't help laughing, although the administrative department of the crossing group is basically perfect, but there is indeed no department dedicated to managing land, after all, before this, the crossing group did not have the need to standardize land management, and now it is obviously different, so it is completely necessary to establish a land management bureau. The stakes of land reform are so important that it will not be concluded in a matter of time, and it is likely to last for more than a decade, and it does require a special department to manage it, although theoretically speaking, this department is temporary.

After discussing for a while, the four requirements put forward by Qin Zheng and the proposal to establish a land management bureau were all adopted, so in the name of the executive committee, the document "Several Issues That Should Be Paid Attention to in the Process of Land Reform" was promulgated as the regulations of land reform.

Subsequently, the Group immediately formally established the Land Management Bureau, which belongs to the Enterprise Department under the General Office of the Administration Department, and is listed alongside the Policy Research Office, the Exhibition Planning Department, the Material Reserve Bureau, the Food Bureau, and the Energy Bureau.

At the same time, the Land Reform Committee was also established, with Zeng Dong as the chairman of the committee, to take full responsibility for the affairs of land reform. Since the land reform was being carried out in Shandong, the Executive Committee decided to send Qin Zheng to Qingdao in person to supervise and assist the work of the Land Reform Committee.