In fact, the earliest IBM-PC operating system is not dos, IBM's original intention in designing the PC is to abandon its usual style of large companies, set up an independent R & D team, as far as possible to reduce the difficulty of a product to market.

Some people will ask, what is the difficulty of a product to be listed, as long as the product can have a market, it should be easy to achieve industrialization with IBM's financial resources.

It's just that IBM is a very traditional old company, the style is old-fashioned, stubborn, and even wears a hard-and-dozen blue suit, which can be seen in its style.

In IBM, a traditional, old-fashioned, rigid and large company, the workflow is like an assembly line, and employees always hand off their work to the next team, which modifies the handover plan and then hands it off, step by step, and the last team approves and puts it on the agenda.

The final product is subject to pricing, market research, market detection, finance, and administrative teams, each of which evaluates the product. Anyway, at IBM, optimists believe that it takes at least two years for a product to be marketed after the design is approved, while the pessimistic view says that it usually takes five years.

Obviously, this kind of work efficiency and speed of product launch can never adapt to the competition of the microcomputer era, and in 79 years, there were many kinds of bizarre microcomputers on the American market, most of which were designed in garages, and then assembled and sold all over the United States through mail order or retail chain stores, and even a microcomputer that looked dull and could hardly do anything could sell hundreds of thousands of units a year.

In 79, Apple had not yet gone public, but President Steve Jobs had set a sales target of $75 million, and IBM was at a low point in its career at that time, and its traditional business was being eroded by new minicomputer companies such as DEC, but it was blank in the field of microcomputers.

Based on this, the huge business opportunity stimulated IBM, and the blue giant could not tolerate that this nascent computer market actually made nothing of itself. As a result, the PC R&D team was secretly established.

The PC team's top-secret R&D plan, which IBM calls a "checkers", is not affiliated with any department, and their task is simple: to come up with a usable, cheap microcomputer within a year, which is their old life.

IBM's PC R&D personnel may be too general-purpose, after all, to develop a cheap general-purpose computer in a year, it is impossible to have too many application-specific integrated circuits, and can only find ready-made functional chips from the market to assemble.

IBM's idea was simple, to do everything possible to buy ready-made accessories from the market, designed by IBM, with software from other companies, and it became a microcomputer.

Moreover, IBM has specially raised the banner of openness in order to make a preemptive move, and everyone can use its technology for a small nominal fee.

IBM's original intention was to attract more companies to develop more external devices and software for it by opening up technical specifications, and in fact IBM succeeded, and it did attract many companies.

However, openness is a double-edged sword. The rise of huge compatible machine manufacturers has swept the entire industry like locusts, and the competition is fierce everywhere it goes.

IBM didn't expect this to happen, so it left a special hand, and that was the BIOS. IBM has opened up all other technical specifications, except for the BIOS system, with the intention of monopolizing the PC platform.

It's just that people are not as good as heaven, and there are smart people everywhere. U.S. law, while prohibiting direct copying of the BIOS, does recognize an indirect copying method known as reverse engineeringmethods.

The so-called reverse engineering method is a development method that is mainly used to bypass some patents, such as the BIOS of a PC.

After the release of the PC, several engineers and hackers at Texas Instruments did a deep study of this thing, and they thought that this thing was nothing special, only one BIOS was different.

The chip on the motherboard holds all the information of the hardware system, and as long as they design a new chip and implement all its functions without using IBM code, they can complete the replication of the PC.

Specifically, these hackers regard IBM's BIOS system as a "black box" that can output some instructions by inputting some instructions, and they do not copy IBM's internal instructions, but use some engineers who are completely unaware of the situation to complete the one-to-one correspondence of these external functions, so that it can be completely established in law and is not considered to infringe intellectual property rights.

This led to the loss of control of the PC architecture by IBM, which led to a change in the entire design and the entry of IBM compatible machine manufacturers.

This is the birth of the famous Compaq company, the entrepreneurial history of a group of genius hackers.

This history of development has summed up many truths for future generations, one of which is "never confront the giants head-on".

Cao didn't want to be David for a long time, David is a hero, so he can naturally throw a stone and throw the giant to death. Cao Changjiu still knows what his weight is, and the most important day has been taken by IBM's bulls, and now he throws the workstation out to compete head-on with the blue giant, and he is expected to win the title of a national hero.

National heroes are generally remembered by the people, Cao Changjiu doesn't want to be a person remembered by the people, and being beaten down vigorously is not Cao Changjiu's current style.

Cao Changjiu thinks that he is a technical streamer, and he is good at sneak attacks. Originality is valuable, but modifying other people's originality and adding your own things is both effortless and profitable, so why not?

The history of computer development and even human development has long proved this, and the heroism of countless pioneers has proved that anything that confronts an incomparably powerful existence head-on can only be done by stupid B. Successful people can only follow behind the giant and wait for a chance, as long as the brain melon has not been kicked by the donkey, it will be a matter of time before the hidden dragon soars.

Microsoft, Intel, Compaq, etc., etc., which one did not take the big ship of IBM to the top? Like a vampire vine, it is the king to live and grow by tightly entangling the tree, climbing to the sky, and then covering the tree with its own green leaves. Blindly relying on oneself to go on a rampage, it is true that it will go a long way and flourish one day, but once the route is wrong, it will only hit the head and break the blood.

The biggest feature of the PC era is to adapt to the people and never get along with the users.

Users say it's good, and the demand is the biggest design requirement. Any effort to dominate the market will be wiped out, and going against the sky is the main theme of a strong existence, and the usual end is elimination.

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Don Esrich, a native of Florida, is tall and muscular in his build, looking less like a programmer than a blacksmith.

He was an outlier of IBM, having been involved in the design of several of IBM's earliest air defense systems, and was known as the "wild duck" in the company due to his rebellious temper.

Esrich became a scapegoat for the bureaucracy for messing up a software design, was kicked out of IBM headquarters, and transferred to Boca's "checkers" team, which no one looked favorably on.

This became a turning point in his fate, and his rebellious personality made Lao Ai create an atmosphere of "we are working against the brutes in the headquarters" in the project team, which unprecedentedly condensed the morale of the project team and finally became the leader of the PC project.

The PC was not a success when it was just released, due to the tight time, the machine was still debugging even the day before the product was released, and various peripherals and software were not very mature, so that the PC was released for nearly three months and only sold a few thousand units.

Esrich had a sad face, extremely annoyed, but had to patiently debug the operating system, and wanted to the ancestors of Microsoft's hairy boys.

With the need to design the machine in a year, Lao Ai had to package the software project to outsiders, and initially had two options, one was CP/M, and the second was the Mac version of the long-term system that hackers called Skywalks.

Who knew that Lao Ai found Walker, the publisher of the Tianxing system, only to know that this system was not made by him, Walker was just an agent, and the main owner actually went to Asia to mix, and the group had to go to Monterrey instead, looking for Gary Kiddell, ready to try his CP/M system.

Lao Gai was already a busy man at this time, and by authorizing the computer company and maintaining his own system, he made a fortune and had become a multimillionaire, flying around all day long.

When IBM's negotiators came to the door, they learned that the boss of the digital research interstellar company had gone out on a private jet to go to the bird, and it was unknown when he would return.

IBM's negotiators were so angry that they had made an appointment, but Kiddell, the bastard, ran away!

In desperation, they had no choice but to negotiate with Lao Gai's wife, the assistant to the boss of the digital research interstellar company at the time.

It's just that the checkers plan is top secret in IBM, and no one is allowed to leak it out, so IBM's negotiators ask Mrs. Gai to sign a confidential form.

Mrs. Guy naturally lost her temper, because by signing this form, she agreed to keep everything that the IBM people said confidential, and that the IBM people had the right to use any information that the signatories said, and she immediately refused to sign it.

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After reading everyone's book reviews, Lao Yu was ashamed and lacked pen power, so that he lost his sense of reality. I'll try my best to explore human nature, I hope everyone can watch it more comfortably, and I'll take the time to change the disgusting things in front of me, and I hope you can give more opinions.

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