Hearing this, Karl Marx, who was raising his beer glass to drink, thought about it and then said.

"From the kingdom of freedom to the kingdom of necessity, this is something I've been thinking about for the past few years, but ...... There are still some shortcomings, you let me sort out my thoughts and explain to you. ”

At the end of the day, he groaned, then put down his beer glass and stroked his beard, pondering how to explain it to his best friend.

In just half a minute, he spoke.

"Engels, you know that I graduated from the University of Berlin, and Hegel was the rector of the University of Berlin. ”

"Yes. ”

Friedrich Engels nodded, and in 1818 Hegel was offered a chair in the Department of Philosophy at the then Prussian Capital University, the University of Berlin, and then in 1929 he became rector of the University of Berlin, but died in 1931. Marx, on the other hand, studied law at the University of Berlin in 1336, five years after Hegel's death, when he was 18 years old, but he was deeply influenced by the old rector who died not long ago, and he studied philosophy a lot, and he was a spiritual student of Hegel in the field of philosophy.

"Hegel is my spiritual teacher, and many of his views have a deep influence on me, such as his 'absolute spirit' and 'dialectical development', 'syllogism', and many of my theories have the shadow of Hegel, but to talk about Hegel, we have to go back to the Chinese Laozi. ”

"Lao Tzu?"

Engels couldn't help but ask rhetorically, in philosophical research, Lao Tzu is not an unfamiliar word, at this moment Europe has gathered all kinds of books from all over the world, no matter which civilization, which kind of national doctrine will be widely studied.

Marx nodded and continued.

Hegel was a professor of philosophy at the University of Heidelberg, and many of the lectures he gave during this period have been summarized in the "Lectures on the History of Philosophy", which although it is only a superficial introduction to Eastern philosophy, but still records Hegel's views on the Chinese Laozi. Hegel did not have a high opinion of Confucius, believing that he was just a "moral preacher who will appear in every nation", but he praised Lao Tzu, which included an explanation of 'Tao begets one, one begets two, and two begets three', and the syllogism of the debate method draws on 'Tao begets one, one begets two, and two begets three'. ”

"It seems to me that Hegel's 'Absolute Spirit' has deep traces of the Tao. First of all, he believed that there is a logical reality in the universe that precedes the eternal existence of nature and human society, which is the inner essence and core of all things in the universe, and that all things are only its external manifestations. This description really has to make me relate to Leibniz's "On the Natural Theology of the Chinese." ”

"According to [the Chinese], 'Li' or 'Taiji' is the supreme 'Taiyi,' the pure goodness without any miscellaneous things, the essence of both purity and goodness, the origin of heaven and earth, the supreme truth. 'Reason' itself is not limited to itself, and it is the source of purity, virtue and love, which creates all things for the purpose of communicating with others. Its principle is that all things are created, and all good is derived from its elements and nature. This description has something in common with the Absolute Spirit. But ......"

As he spoke, Marx paused, then shook his head.

It is a pity that Hegel's national plot is too serious, and he is always condescending to the culture of any non-German nation, and he is too arrogant and scornful of the culture of any foreign nation. Although Hegel does not have a high opinion of Eastern philosophy, I still think that I am afraid that in his long-term experience of reading world philosophy, he also unconsciously incorporated the arguments of Eastern philosophy into his own philosophical system. ”

Engels listened thoughtfully, and then asked rhetorically.

"So, what does this have to do with your 'kingdom of freedom to kingdom of necessity'?"

Marx couldn't help laughing.

"My theory is heavily influenced by Hegel, and 'From the Kingdom of Freedom to the Kingdom of Necessity' is also inspired by the 'Absolute Spirit'. In the 'Absolute Spirit', Hegel thinks that there is a logical spirit in the universe, the external embodiment of which is the material world, and then one day I suddenly realized: if the suppose that 'man' is regarded as a whole, then what is the 'man' absolute spirit?"

If...... Treat "humanity" as a whole......

Listening to these words, in a trance, Engels's consciousness became a little blurred, an inexplicable mechanism was opened in his mind, and the will that had been sleeping in his blood for countless years seemed to wake up with it......

At the same time, in a residential house in Europe.

In the inconspicuous corner, there is a female sculpture less than 20 centimeters high, which seems to have passed many years. Although it is often wiped, it is still difficult to hide the occasional traces of rust on it, and the pupils are empty, as if some gem once set on them has been removed, but the lifelike posture can still make people imagine its heroic posture in the past.

And on the sculpture, there are countless mysterious runes, Christian, West African voodoo, ancient Egyptian, Nordic Germanic ...... Whether it is Eastern or Western gods and religions, countless runes are inscribed on this sculpture, as if someone is trying to suppress this small sculpture with the power of all gods.

However, along with a phrase from a distant region, the interior of the sculpture ......

"Poof......

On that heart, an eye suddenly opened, and the erect pupils were like snakes, cold and terrifying.

......

"Engels, the earliest human beings were free, unrestrained, dazed, did not know anything, did not understand anything, and obeyed the will of nature like animals, and this is the kingdom of freedom. ”

Unaware of the bowed silence of his good friend in front of him, Marx just poured the empty beer glass in front of him and spoke unhurriedly.

But the kingdom of freedom is short-lived, and human beings are gradually beginning to grasp the understanding of nature, create tools, and use tools and experience to transform nature. Engels and Aristotle said, 'Man is a rational animal', and human beings rely on reason to control nature, and finally use reason to consciously transform the world, and this process is the 'Kingdom of Necessity'. ”

"Engels, for example, society and law are the products of the 'kingdom of necessity'. ”

"Animals don't understand what society and law are, and the earliest humans don't understand what society and law are, but through continuous experience and exploration, human beings gradually realize the law of development of things, and control it, formulate a series of laws and systems, and consciously try to change laws and systems, and then make human society better. ”

As he spoke, Marx paused, raised the full beer glass in front of him, and drank.

Engels covered his head, and there seemed to be a faint female voice whispering in his head, telling her doubts, and finally Engels couldn't help but ask along with the female voice.

"So what?"

"So?"

Marx was stunned, and looked at his good friend in front of him a little strangely, he thought that his friend should be able to directly understand what he had not finished speaking, but he could only shake his head and say.

So Engels, this is the instinct of human beings to consciously transform the world, and no longer obey the instinct given by nature. ”

"Think about it, when a law is enacted, what is it aimed at? Crimes and cases that have not yet occurred, and what is the reform of the social system aimed at? Contradictions and crises that have not yet been formed. Before these dangers appeared, human beings relied on their own ideals and consciously tried to avoid them in advance, which is not found in animals driven by pure instinct. ”

"Animals are ignorant, ignorant and follow their instincts, and do not plan in advance, but human beings are rational, and human beings know how to plan their future in advance, and consciously avoid those dangerous futures, so that they can live a better future. ”

"The rise and fall of a species should be accidental, free birth, free death, free fighting, free competition...... Natural selection, survival of the fittest, this is the free destiny given by nature. Animals that survive do not know why they survived, and animals that die do not know why they died, and are ignorant. ”

"But human beings are different, human beings rely on their own reason and wisdom, through experience summary, consciously to escape those dangerous futures, unite the same kind, avoid dangers, no longer obey the 'natural selection, survival of the fittest' formulated by nature, and finally rely on reason and science to transform the world. Consciously make commerce more prosperous, consciously make science and technology more developed, consciously make civilization more prosperous, escape the domination of nature, and make the accidental future become an inevitable future. ”

As he spoke, Marx looked at his contemplative friend in front of him and said seriously.

"Engels, this is from the kingdom of freedom in ignorance to the kingdom of necessity in which reason transforms the world. ”

"This is a human era, and man no longer needs to obey nature in ignorance, no longer need to obey the god in the dark, and man can rely on his own reason and wisdom to control his own destiny. ”

What Marx could not see, however, was ......

Behind Engels, an invisible phantom was standing, and the gentle figure that should have disappeared long ago listened quietly, and his face seemed to show a little dazed.

No longer...... Need to obey God?

......

And somewhere far away, the erect pupils that opened from above the heart looked directly above the distant sky through the barrier between the sculpture and the house.