Chapter 598: Osteomalacia
Masklyukov finally waited for the day when the agreement was reached, and in fact, not long after the Su-27 entered China, the contract was successfully signed. Pen Fun Pavilion wWw. biquge。 info
20 million tons of corn, 300,000 tons of meat and 300,000,000 liters of alcohol. To this end, the Soviet Union will sell to China 10 million tons of advanced steel-making equipment, as well as various mining machinery and equipment, power equipment and oil refining equipment, which are the dominant industrial projects of the Soviet Union.
In fact, in the past few years, China has "scavenged" at least 20 million tons of steel production capacity from the Soviet Union through unofficial trade.
In the last year of the 80s, China's steel production capacity can be said to have stepped on the threshold of 100 million tons. In the second half of the year, with the commissioning of several projects, the steel output increased to more than 50 million tons in one go.
By 1990, the annual steel output estimated by the Planning Commission could certainly exceed 100 million tons. In addition to the industrial transfer from Europe, the United States, Japan and the developed Western countries, the steelmaking equipment imported by the Soviet Union contributed at least 35% of the share.
By the end of the eighties, the Soviet Union had a steel production capacity of more than 160 million tons. After contributing 20 to 30 million tons of advanced steel production capacity, it has only fallen to 120 million tons, which is still a considerable number.
However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's steel production capacity quickly degraded to 50 to 60 million tons. Historically, the steel production capacity of the Soviet Union, after deducting the share of other member countries, has evaporated at least 60 million tons of production capacity by the Russian era.
The steelmaking equipment was either sold for scrap, or even left unattended in overgrown factories. It is a blessing to be able to re-establish itself in China.
In addition to steel-making equipment, Soviet mining machinery was also advanced. After all, the Soviet Union was the real "vast land", the raw material resources were quite abundant, and the technology in mine development was much more advanced than that of China in the 80s.
There was no more powerful voice in the Soviet industrial system than in the oil system. The oil system, controlled by the Baku faction, was the main source of foreign exchange for the Soviet Union, and as a result, it stimulated the Soviet Union's technological advance. Oil refining and various large-scale chemical technologies were the most advanced technological fields of the Soviet Union in the international arena.
In fact, the Western world has long coveted the energy resources of the Soviet Union, and in 1991 the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the OECD published a joint study for the first time for a country: the Soviet Union. In its main section, the report elaborates on the reasons for the West's proposal for the Soviet Union to restore capitalism, but in its conclusion, it only goes into detail about the energy and agricultural aspects of the Soviet Union.
China is heavily dependent on coal for energy because it is an oil-poor country, but it is a "coal-rich country". What are the coal reserves of this coal-rich country? 114.5 billion tons.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has 157 billion tons of coal reserves alone, not counting the 14 member states that have seceded away. But it is well known that the richest thing in Russia is not coal, but oil. Russia's oil and gas reserves account for one-tenth and one-third of the world's total reserves, respectively, and this is still not fully known for the entire territory of Russia, and in fact Russia's oil reserves are likely to be even higher than the number of Saudi Arabia.
And in Soviet times, oil production was even more impressive. After all, after the oil-rich Caucasus was divided, the famous oil city of Baku was separated from Azerbaijan.
And Azerbaijan is also an oil-rich country, so it can be said that the entire country is floating on oil. It can be seen from this that the Soviet Union before its collapse made Western countries blush in the field of energy.
The oil fields of the USSR were the only ones that were not in the hands of capital in the international community, and in order to be able to hit the USSR, the United States manipulated OPEC throughout the eighties to create a decade of low oil prices.
In the Gulf region, because OPEC's control has fallen, some countries have even lowered oil prices to close to the cost of six dollars a barrel in order to occupy the oil market. A $10 barrel is a frequent opportunity for discounts, and at its peak it was only $20 a barrel. Who would have imagined that the price of oil would rise to the level of fifty or sixty dollars in the future, and OPEC would turn around and regain control of the oil-producing areas after waiting for the Soviet Union to lie down.
How is this control achieved? It's actually very easy, because Iraq has 10 percent of the world's oil reserves, and it was the main producer of low-cost oil in the eighties.
The price of six or ten dollars is what OPECRI's most disobedient Iraq has done. And the loyal ally of the United States guards 22% of the world's oil reserves, but the output is about the same as that of the British North Sea oil fields.
But as soon as the Gulf War fought, oil prices began to take a helicopter for a few years.
Saddam's invasion of Kuwait was really a pillow sent by US imperialism to sleep, otherwise what was the purpose of the second Gulf War? Because the UN sanctions against Iraq have reached the end of their lifting period, it is obvious that the international community will not agree to extend the sanctions against Iraq.
Iraq, which is impoverished by sanctions, will certainly export a large amount of oil to hit oil prices after the sanctions are lifted. So, Bush found a small tube of laundry detergent in Saddam's house......
The weapon of oil, which can be said to have played a crucial role in the fall of the Soviet Union. In order to grasp this life-saving straw, the Soviet Union built the most advanced petrochemical industry system in the world.
However, now oil can no longer save the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union, which was once so powerful that the United States and Europe trembled, even had to sell its food in the 90s, how sad it was.
But this did not make the two barrels of oil have a little conscience, and they have long been coveted by the Soviet Union's oil refining technology. Before, I couldn't get along with Hu Wenhai, but now that the national team has finally made a move, where can they be missing.
China took the opportunity of Maslyukov's visit to the door, which can be said to have cut a piece of flesh from the Soviet Union.
Of course, this thing is good, you cheat others, and people have to say "thank you!" to you. Although the legs and feet of the Soviet Union are not lame, who made them lame?
However, the country is not completely satisfied with this deal, and the quality of the first batch of Su-27s makes the Air Force, which is accustomed to flying F-14s, a little complaining.
The Su-27 of this era is very different from the Sukhoi fighters that later developed into a whole series, and one of the problems is that there is some "hypochondria".
There were some problems in the structural strength of the early Su-27 fighters, which led to a greater deformation of the outer wing section of the wing than other fighters when the lateral roll was rolling, which greatly reduced the roll control efficiency of the Su-27 flaperon.
In addition, the Su-27 is double-spaced with a wide spacing and a single wing, and the weapon cannot be mounted on the belly.
Finally, the rolling performance of the Su-27 is completely at the bottom of the third-generation aircraft. Needless to say, light single-engine fighters such as F16 and Mirage 2000, medium-sized aircraft such as MiG-29 and F18 bully the Su-27 on rolling, and even F15 is a twin-engine heavy battle that is better than the Su-27 in rolling. Even the F14, which has always been considered to have poor rolling, has only the second-to-last roll performance among the third-generation aircraft.
What, you ask who is the penultimate one? Isn't this the Su-27?
This is because the Su-27 is required to counter the American F-15 on avionics, so it must have a strong ability to track the target from the top / bottom view, and it cannot be weaker than the F-15 in terms of detection range, accuracy, anti-jamming ability and refresh rate, so that the traditional Gesseling antenna of the Soviet army is not so easy to use.
The Instrument Building Research Institute in the town of Zukovsky plans to give the Su-27 a more advanced planar slot antenna, using horizontal machine scanning and vertical electric scanning to increase the refresh rate of its update target.
However, the idea is good, the ideal is very plump, and the reality is very skinny. Since the establishment of the Su-27 project, the Soviet Union has not solved the software problem of the planar slot antenna in ten years, which is really a sigh!
In the end, seeing that the new antenna could not keep up with the progress, I had to go back to the old path of Gesseling antenna. By increasing the antenna area and transmitting power, the indicators of being able to combat the F-15 were achieved.
But in this way, the nose of the Su-27 is overweight, and if you add the tail counterweight, the end result is that the Su-27 is 1.1 tons heavier than the design target.
In order to reduce the weight of this ton again, the Su-27 had to use more low-strength but much lighter composite materials, as well as punch holes in non-critical components to reduce weight. However, this will lead to a weakening of the fighter's fuselage, and the result is that although the Su-27 is theoretically capable of transonic flight, in practice, in the speed range of Mach 0.85 to Mach 1.25, the fighter's usable overload is limited to 6.5g to 1g even if it is lightly loaded.
The resulting Su-27 roll rate is at the bottom of all third-generation aircraft, and transonic performance is severely weakened.
In history, when the Chinese Air Force got the Su-27, it was the first time to contact the third-generation aircraft, even if it was bad, it was always better than the eighth master and Xiaoqi.
Like all excellent fighters in history, the future prestige of the Su-27 is mainly constantly improved. The model that really realized all the expectations of the Su-27 should be the Russian Su-35 fighter.
The 117S engine was replaced, the avionics were completely improved, the canard wings were added and the fuselage structure was strengthened, so that the anchorage points and payload capacity under the wing were greatly increased.
It was only at this time that the Su-35 was considered to have completed the "Su-27" fighter designed by Sukhoi to fight the F-15 at the beginning.
Of course, by the time China introduced the Su-35, it was no longer as significant to the Chinese Air Force as the introduction of the Su-27 in history.
The Su-27 is to reinvent the Chinese Air Force and once again stand in the first echelon of the world's air forces. And the Su-35 is just the icing on the cake, maybe there is a layer of meaning that the Khan wants to milk **** so that Russia can bomb ISIS.
But now the domestic Air Force has been flying the F-14 for several years, and then go back and fly the Su-27. It's like driving a BYD Qin, and if you go back and drive a BMW from the 90s, you will definitely not be able to adapt to it.
The famous Su-27, which the Air Force is looking forward to welcoming back, turns out to have such a big flaw, so you can imagine how big a shadow the air force officers are in their hearts.
However, after all, the Su-27 is the best third-generation aircraft that China can get today, and it can only be a sigh of the young master's life.
If you don't like it, Nan Batian doesn't mind suffering this sin for you!
The answer to this was to throw the eighth master who had changed his clothes on Nan Batian's face......