Let's start with the slimming down of the word morality

According to the old saying, books are divided into four categories, "classics, histories, children, and collections". In the past, readers mainly read the history of the scriptures, which were textbooks, and the subsets were auxiliary textbooks and extracurricular reading materials. There is also a difference between classics and history, scriptures are basic lectures, and history is a professional course. "Thirty old Ming Jing, fifty young jinshi" refers to this meaning. The scriptures are the way of life, and the world changes, but the basic things of people will not change, and they will last for a long time. Reading the scriptures is to defend the way and find the great truth of heaven, earth and man. Reading history is to find virtue, what is virtue? "Those who are virtuous are also virtuous", and meritorious deeds are virtues. "The great virtue of heaven is born", and reproduction is the greatest virtue. But virtue also has limitations, such as the structure of the word "good", it is good for a woman to have a son, and it is good for a woman to have a son. There is also the saying of the Ming man Chen Meigong, "A woman is virtuous if she is not talented". This is the old concept of virtue. Generally speaking, virtue is the result of noble behavior, and in a dynasty, which behaviors are noble? Which behaviors are despicable? It is not something that people in this dynasty can determine, even if they are powerful or powerful, and what the emperor says does not count, and this is where the value of history lies. The words Tao and Virtue were originally spoken separately, not the same word. In the Tang Dynasty, because of a book, these two words were glued together, and the Tang Dynasty respected Taoism and enshrined the book "Lao Tzu" as the "Tao Te Ching", which reached its peak during the period of Li Longji of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Li Longji is a very good emperor in love, and he also loves Lao Tzu wisely, he regards the Tao Te Ching as his "red treasure book", as the theoretical foundation for governing the country, not only read it with him, but also annotate it in the imperial pen. His wisdom lies in "taking from the truth, not worshipping its teachings". He likes Lao Tzu's three sentences: "The sage is impermanent, and the heart of the people is the heart", "The noble is based on the cheap, and the high and the low are the base", "The hunger of the people is based on the amount of food tax, it is hunger; the people are difficult to govern, and it is difficult to cure with the above doings (do whatever they want), and the light death of the people is based on the thickness of survival on it, and it is to die lightly." Li Longji was once a promising and virtuous emperor, he created the "prosperous era of the Kaiyuan Dynasty", the politics were clear, and the people were solid and wealthy. But in his later years, he deviated from these three sentences of Lao Tzu, and the "Anshi Rebellion" broke out, and the powerful Tang Dynasty went downhill and gradually declined.

The word morality has entered modern Chinese, and it has been completely slimmed down, specifically referring to people's cultivation, and the organic ingredients in traditional culture have been wrung out, leaving only a crumpled skin, which can hold nothing but a little liquid.

The scientific name of history is "Spring and Autumn"

The scientific name of history is "Spring and Autumn", which is a metaphor for the sage, "Zhong Nieu wrote "Spring and Autumn". Why did Confucius call history "Spring and Autumn" instead of winter and summer? I have pondered these meanings.

1. At that time, it was the political era of small countries, called vassal states, but they were slightly larger than today's counties and sparsely populated. According to expert estimates, the population of the country at that time was only 20 million, a quarter less than the population of Taiwan today. However, the number of countries is large, the Western Zhou Dynasty is nearly 800 at most, and there are more than 40 in Shandong alone, and after the Zhou Dynasty moved eastward, there are still more than 120 recorded in the "Zuo Chuan". The widows of small countries live in an environment where the law of the jungle eats the strong, like crops in dangerous fields, planted in spring and harvested in autumn, and they have a stubble, and they cannot say the words of sustainable development. If the world was ruled in the past and today, with 9.6 million square kilometers of land and resources, with the wisdom of Sage Confucius, it would not be called Spring and Autumn, but would be changed to another perspective, and it might be called the sky, or the ocean or something.

Second, there are many superficial things in winter and summer, and there are many deep changes and uncertainties in spring and autumn. This is true of things, and so is people and society.

3. Spring is the sowing, the beginning, and the motivation. Confucius attached great importance to motives, and he said in the Analects of Politics that "three hundred poems, in a word, say: 'Thinking is not evil'". Poetry and politics seem to have nothing to do with each other, but there is one key point that is in common, that is, "thinking without evil". The mind should be correct, the motivation should be pure, and the starting point should be dignified. Autumn is the harvest, the fruit. Look at the intention from the motive, and observe the gains and losses in the results. How did a dynasty open the curtain and how did it come to an end? "Seeing him rise a tall building, seeing his building collapse" is the greatest legacy that this dynasty has left to future generations. In the words of Liu Zhiji's "Stone", "Gain and loss for a day, honor and disgrace for a thousand years", "Confucius wrote "Spring and Autumn", and what the chaotic ministers and thieves are afraid of is the "Spring and Autumn" penmanship.

Fourth, according to the lunar calendar, winter and summer are called solstice, spring and autumn are called points, and the old saying is called "day and night". Fen is distinct, which refers to the equinox of day and night, and day and night are basically equal. When examining history, we must be even-handed, fair, and not take advantage of the fake. "Linliu infinitely clarifies the will, drives away the evil mantis and purifies the waves. ”

Fifth, the four paragraphs written above are all my blind thoughts. According to Mr. Wang Li's research, in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, going back to the past, the year was only divided into spring and autumn, and speaking of spring and autumn meant the whole year. Zheng Xuanjian's note "Spring and Autumn Bandits, Enjoy the Sacrifice" is "Spring and Autumn is still the four seasons".

Reading history is practical, and reviewing the past is to know the new. The old pay attention to the method of reading history, and the word Wen is used appropriately. History is already dead, and new value can only be produced when it is read alive. In particular, the Chinese history "textbook" has a thickness of 5,000 years, it is difficult to read, the city is deep, the tone is dark, like a person with a straight face, old-fashioned, stereotyped, lacking in emotion and less interesting, and bitter, yes, it is bitter and spicy. Like drinking shochu in winter, it has to be "warmed" to taste slightly better.

There are two reasons why our history is not easy to read, and there are two things that are most Chinese in China. 1. History is disconnected. Second, there are both imperial techniques and prime ministers' techniques, the two clues are parallel, but they are not dual-track systems, they are two conjoined people, who interact and involve each other.

In the Qing Dynasty, China had two forms of state system, one was a simple federal system established by King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou-divided feudal state. At the height of the Zhou Dynasty, there were nearly 800 "union republics". There is also the imperial system pioneered by Qin Shi Huang. These two forms of state system were created in the land of Shaanxi, which is known as the "land of Sanqin", and the land of Shaanxi can still withstand the word "big". However, since the Qin Dynasty, the replacement of more than 20 dynasties is not Chan concession, not a campaign, nor a natural elimination in the general sense, but a revolution, a bloody sacrifice, a power coming out of the barrel of a gun, and a reconstruction after being broken. This is the reason why Chinese history is called dynastic history. When reading history, we must be cautious and vigilant when reading the fracture zone, and we must remember two famous sayings, "Once a son of heaven and a courtier," "We must support whatever the enemy opposes, and we must oppose whatever the enemy supports." In the revolutionary era, heroes were judged by victory or defeat, and basically did not care about whether they were good or bad.

The emperor of China, because it is a household contract system, has a relatively large gap in business level, like a parabola, and the gap between high and low is very large. But China's prime ministers have basically maintained a relatively high level. The difference between a good emperor and a bad emperor is in business ability. The difference between a good prime minister and a bad prime minister is not in business ability, but in mentality, heart and mental skills.

The good and bad in politics are complex, and the mentality, heart, and mental skills are even more complex, and it is these that worry the historian, but it also shows the historian's vision and personality charm.

The Perspective of Faith

There are three commonly used words, all of which are about Zang or not, and it is quite interesting to look at them together. "No three, no four", "five people, six people", "messy".

No, no, no, According to Mr. Nan Huaijin's understanding, Yi's hexagram has six lines, the first and second lines are metaphorical to the earth, the third and fourth lines are metaphorical to people, and the fifth and upper lines are metaphorical to the sky. It's not like that, it's just that it's not very good at being a person, and it doesn't follow people's rules when doing things.

There are two ways to say that there are five people and six people. One is that there are five internal organs empty. Five organs, heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Six intestines, gall bladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, three cokes. The five internal organs are the core memory of human beings, each performing its own duties and responsibilities. The meaning of five people and six is that the memory is intact, but it is not working properly. In the real saying, it is called eating people's food, not. Another way of saying it is that the five constants and the six arts are superficial and have no appearance. The five constants are benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith. The six arts are the six subjects offered by the school (庠序) in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Li (etiquette), music (music), archery (archery), Yu (driving horses), Shu (literacy), and mathematics (calculation). In the past, the six arts generally referred to the basic talents of people.

It's messy, and it's a bit more cumbersome to explain. The women's "twenty-seven and the heavens are to", and the men's "twenty-eight kidneys are vigorous, and the heavens are to". This is the words in the "Yellow Emperor's Neijing", "Tianqi" is the basic thing for men and women, and "Tianqi Zhi" is that men and women are adults, feasible and family, and have the function of having children. The girl is fourteen years old, the boy is sixteen years old, if the day does not come, it is a mess if it does not come. Seven and eight are still big numbers in the traditional life of Chinese. Seven is mysterious, closely related to human life and death. The fetus is conceived in the uterus, and there is a change every seven days, which is proven by modern science, and now obstetricians and gynecologists write diagnosis letters for pregnant women, which are also calculated in weeks. Human life returns to heaven, and after death, it is necessary to "sacrifice seven". The death of the dead and the road of no return are also a seven-day itinerary. From the day of death, every seven days to pay tribute, "the first seven", "three seven" and "five seven", according to the "old Lier" in the market to be sacrificed. "Seventy-seven" is called "full seven", also called "broken seven", which means that the dead have crossed the bridge and the relationship with the world has been broken. Seventh, it affects the beginning and end of a life. Eighth, it also accompanies a person's specific life. A talent is born with the eight characters of birth, and the eight characters are the Chinese outlook on life. The I Ching is one of the earliest classics in China, explaining the composition of the world with eight natural deities, namely heaven, earth, wind, thunder, water, fire, mountain, and ze, which is the earliest world view of the Chinese. In the uncivilized years of ancient chaos, our ancestors were really remarkable to have such a worldview. In the past, the imperial examination was made of eight strands of literature, there was a literary style called Cai Gao Badou, there was a city called Siping and eight stable, and the sleek handling was called eight-sided exquisite, and the ambition of life would be majestic in all directions, and life was not smooth and called eight lifetimes of mold, and estrangement from people was called eight poles could not be beaten. The old scale used by the Chinese in the past was hexadecimal, and half a kilogram was eight taels. In the seven and eight miles, there are natural sciences, and there are also hidden life sciences. A person's biological clock also follows this rule, with women counting at seven and men counting at eight. When women grow to the age of 28 to 35 and men to the ages of 32 to 40, they reach the peak of their physiology, and after that, they go downhill little by little. When men and women reach the age of 56, their physiology begins to change significantly. Men are yang, yin begins to increase, a man used to run all over the world no matter how he used to, but since the age of 56, he has been too lazy to move and likes to be bored at home. Correspondingly, after the age of 56, the yang energy rises, and in the evening and morning, when I go to see the people who twist Yangge in the park, women are the majority. Seven and eight can't be messed up, if it's messed up, it can't be cleaned up.

In the lives of Chinese, there is another core word - faith. Faith is a traditional value, and people are communicated by "faith". The courtier's greatest wish was to gain the emperor's trust, and the emperor also thought about how to win the trust of the people. To say that a person is not three or four, and that there are five people who are six, is to say that a person has no credibility in life. The mess is even worse, it is the loss of God's faith.

"People have no faith, and they don't know what they can do", "faith is close to righteousness". This is Confucius's attitude towards faith, a person must be trustworthy and trustworthy in the world. Buddhism stands in another perspective and says: "Belief in something is something, and belief in nothing is nothing." "Sincerity is Spirit" means having faith. There is also a word called the root of faith, and the root of the letter has five words: "faith, progress, reading, determination, and wisdom." "Without faith, you cannot be diligent, and if you are not diligent, you will have no thoughts, and if you are not determined, you will not be wise. The Huayan Sutra says: "Faith is the mother of merit and virtue of the Tao, and it nurtures all the roots of goodness." ”

The letter is simple, but it is complicated by the constant change of perspective.

What ordinary people value in living is to keep their word, and whether they are "reliable" or "outrageous" in doing things. There is a folk anecdote, which tells that after Xu Zongheng, the former mayor of Shenzhen, was shuanggui, no one could open the huge safe at home. A well-informed official of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection said that this was the best voice-activated password lock, and the password was mostly eight words, and the members of the task force took turns to test, "open the door with sesame seeds, open the door with sesame seeds", "people are not for themselves, heaven and earth will be destroyed", "God bless, Pepsi is safe", etc., but they had no choice but to escort Xu Zongheng over after repeated failures. Mayor Xu faced the safe, reciting a word, and the words were round: "Be honest and honest, and govern for the people." The door opened, and it was full of hard currency.

Many of the fish and beasts recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas were named according to their respective calls, and at that time these animals had no names, and our ancestors called them by copying their calls. "Mountain of Stones...... There is a beast, its shape is like a leopard and the text is white, the name is Meng Ji, it is good to ambush, and its song is self-calling. "Mr. Liushahe has a passage that is very interesting to write. "Dragon, traditional as a dragon, is a phonetic character. On the right, it is like a dragon. The upper left is the abbreviation of the children's character, which is pronounced tó

G-sound. The lower left is a meat character that resembles the moon character, indicating that the dragon is a carnivore. Longgu sound tó

G, it is the night chirping of the Yangtze alligator. The name of the Chinese alligator is the dragon, and the ancients said that this is 'its name is called by itself'. "There are many examples in reality, such as crickets, finch, crows, ducks, geese, doves, partridges, cats, snakes, and frogs.

Be honest and honest, govern for the people, and don't become an official.

Two stories, one style

Wen Tianxiang's "Song of Righteousness" in "In Qi Tai Shi Jian, in Jin Dong Lone Pen" contains two stories of historians observing festivals and writing straightforwardly.

Dong Hu was a historian of the Jin Kingdom.

Jin Linggong is also tyrannical, "thick to the people, extensive construction, good for the game". A villa was built in the suburbs, and a large number of exotic flowers and plants were planted, among which the peach blossoms were the most abundant, so it was named Peach Garden. Jin Linggong is not a wasteland, and he has fun in the peach orchard all day long. According to the "Zuo Biography", he has two tyrannical details. There is a high platform in the peach orchard, and Jin Linggong is engaged in a "missile competition" with his favored ministers on the stage, and the target is the people outside the garden. "Those who win the eye will win, those who will be in the shoulder and arm will be spared, and those who do not win will be punished by a great fight." "The stage shouted: 'Look at the bullet!' The bow was like a full moon, and the bullet was like a shooting star, and one of the people bounced off half of his ear, and the other hit his left blade. Frightened, the people fled in a panic, shouting in unison, shouting in unison: 'The bullet is here again!' Linggong...... Simply teach the left and right to release the bullets, and release them all together. The bullets flew like raindrops, and the people couldn't dodge, and some broke their heads, wounded their foreheads, popped out their eyes, and knocked out their front teeth. The second detail is the killing of the cook. One day Jin Linggong wanted to eat bear's paws, the wine was hot and waited for this big dish, and after several urgings, the chef finally served it, but the meat was not too bad, and Linggong "killed it with a copper bucket, and cut it into several sections". At that time, Zhao Dun was Xiangguo, and because of his repeated admonitions, Jin Linggong was dissatisfied and wanted to get rid of him quickly. Zhao Dun had a big life and was able to flee abroad. In the second year, the military general Zhao Chuang designed to kill Jin Linggong in Taoyuan and welcomed Zhao Dun back to the capital. Zhao Dun took the responsibility of the country to support the new monarch, and the Jin State opened the era of Jin Chenggong.

Taishi Donghu recorded in the history books that this incident was "Zhao Dun killed his king". Zhao Dun was shocked when he found out, and repeatedly explained that this matter had nothing to do with him. Dong Hu insisted on his point of view: You are Xiangguo, although you fled abroad, you did not leave the country. Returning to the capital did not crusade against the thieves who killed the king. If it has nothing to do with you, who will believe it?" My head can be broken, but this Jane cannot be changed. Confucius's evaluation of this incident is: "Dong Gu, the good history of the ancients, calligraphy is not hidden. Zhao Xuanzi, the ancient good doctor, also suffered evil for the law. It's a pity, the more you are spared. ”

"In the history of Qi Taijian", it is written that there are three brothers in the Qi family, one tree and three branches, and they are all Taishi.

Cui Zhu is the minister that Qi Zhuang Gong relies on, and the method of relying on him is a bit biased, just because Qi Zhuang Gong and his concubine have a personal relationship, and they use this matter to ridicule him. Cui Zhu killed Qi Zhuanggong.

The Taishi of Qi recorded in the history books, "Cui Shu killed his king", Cui Shu was furious and killed Taishi. ordered Taishi's younger brother to rewrite, or "Cui Shu killed his king", and Cui Shu killed him in anger. He also ordered Taishi's little brother to write, and saw that it was still "Cui Zhu killed his king". Cui Zhu was scared, his knife and gun were sheathed, and he knew that the hard-headed historian could not be killed.

By the historian and the history museum

China is the country that attaches the most importance to history. Writing history is called governing history, and it has the same weight as governing the country. It is also called the revision of history. Taken literally, history is incomplete and has loopholes, and it is necessary to repair them; mistakes must be corrected; and ugly places must be embellished and decorated. History is being repaired back and forth, and it is becoming more and more difficult to find its true face.

Originally, the status of the historian was very high, like a title, which was granted by the emperor, which could be hereditary and family heirloom, and only those who were truly "virtuous and artistic" were qualified to serve. Cangjie was the historian of the Yellow Emperor, who made words in the morning and remembered things in the evening. But this is a legend, and there is no evidence. Since the Shang Dynasty, China has established a historian system, and the duty of the historian is to truthfully record the words and deeds of the Son of Heaven. At that time, history was written by individuals, and the weight of the history book was as heavy as the conscience of the historian was. After the Spring and Autumn Period, until the Qin and Han dynasties and the two Jin Dynasty, a group of talented and upright historians were produced, Dong Hu, Qi Taishi, Sima Qian, and Ban Gu were only the representatives.

In the past, the rules were strict, and the historians "recorded according to the facts", and the emperor could not be inspected, which was a "hard and fast rule". The essence of it is "the monarch and the history of the two" and "the history of the monarch". But the emperor is not a soft eater, in order to prevent the "history of the monarch", Tang Taizong Li Shimin in the third year of Zhenguan launched the "history museum" system, history by the individual compilation "upgraded" for collective creation, and led by the prime minister, "always know its affairs", after the completion of the history to "book into the palace". The "specifications" of the history museum have become larger, but the brightness and reliability of history have also begun to be greatly reduced. "The history museum repairs history, the book becomes a lot of hands, the history is hard to find, the position is not clear, and the history books that are repaired are scattered. This statement is just a kind of prevarication, and the biggest drawback is that "the book becomes the king".

The era of "Confucius was the Spring and Autumn Period, and the rebellious ministers and thieves were afraid" ended in the Tang Dynasty. However, in the early years of the implementation of the history museum system, the legacy of "two kings and histories" was still there. One day in April of the sixteenth year of Zhenguan, Li Shimin wanted to see the "Living Note" that recorded his daily behavior, but was directly rejected by Chu Suiliang, who was in charge of recording the "Living Note".

"Qing remembers the daily life, is it possible for people to watch it?"

"Today's life, the history of the ancients, good and evil must be remembered, it is not illegal to prescribe the master, and the Son of Heaven has not heard of history. ”

"If I am not good, I will remember it?"

"It is better to keep the way than to keep the official, the minister carries the pen, and the king must write. ”

Li Shimin is rich in the Ming Jun school, so he has the backbone of Chu Suiliang's virtuous minister. Or conversely, with ministers like Chu Suiliang, there is Li Shimin, who has changed the world.

Zhuge Liangfang has his own set of methods for "using history to control the king", that is, there are no historians. In the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, only the Shu historian was vacant. Chen Shou's evaluation in "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" is: "The country does not have history, and there are no officials in the notes. Although Zhuge Liang is in politics, all of this is still not thoughtful. ”

Since the Tang Dynasty, the emperor not only inspected the daily records such as "Living Notes", but even directly presided over the revision of history, both as a coach and as a referee, and the emperor was getting harder and harder. The history books are getting thicker and thicker, but there is a big shortcoming, the function of "history to wake up the world" is weak, and the function of "powder world" is more. The emperor repaired history, and the local officials cultivated the history, and the history became a special cosmetics for the emperor and local officials. During the Yongzheng Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, some readers made trouble for a while and "didn't read history", and wrote history as in letters and notes. There is a joke told in "Records of the Qing Dynasty": One day, God covered his mouth and snickered, and Grandma God asked on the side: "What are you laughing at? God coughed with a smile and said, "There are two more words in the world, I can't help it, I have to laugh." As he spoke, he opened his hand, and there were two words written in his palm: Xinshi.

Bangu's awesomeness

Bangu's hometown is a native of Xianyang, Shaanxi, and the history is "Fufeng Anling", here is an explanation, "Fufeng" is not today's Fufeng County, and Anling is not the Anling country during the Warring States Period. The Han Dynasty built the capital of Chang'an, and the capital was surrounded by the important place of Qifu, and three special administrative regions of Jingzhaoyin, Zuo Fengyi, and Right Fufeng were set up to manage, and they were called Sanfu at the time. Right Fufeng has jurisdiction over Xianyang and Xingping. Anling is the burial place of Liu Ying, the second emperor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Ying is the Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, born to Empress Lu, who has a weak personality all his life, and only respects his mother's life. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" did not even set up "Emperor Hui Benji", but "Empress Dowager Lu Benji". Liu Ying was the crown prince at the age of 7, took charge of the great cause at the age of 16, and was buried in the tomb at the age of 24 by a landslide. Anling is in today's Weicheng District, Xianyang City, and belonged to the right wind in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Ban Gu was imprisoned twice in his life, the first time he was imprisoned, the second time he was imprisoned, and the second time he was imprisoned and died in prison.

Ban Gu was born in a family, and his father Ban Biao is a famous Taishi, and he wrote "The Later Biography of Historical Records". After his father's death, Ban Gu revised and rewrote the "Later Biography of Taishi", that is, the "Book of Han", during his return to his hometown and mourning, and was denounced by a "discerning person" and imprisoned for the crime of "privately repairing national history". "Trapped in Si, manifested in Si" and "so always so", these two sentences talk about the great cause and effect of world affairs. Ban Gu's "private cultivation" of the national history was appreciated by Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty because of his talent, and he was granted the "Lantai Order History" after pardoning, and officially revised the national history. This is the first time Bangu has been in prison.

The second imprisonment started after Ban Gu followed Dou Xian.

Dou Xian is a typical figure of "foreign relatives dictatorship", his sister was first Empress Zhang, that is, the main palace of Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, after the collapse of Emperor Zhang, and then Empress Dowager Dou. At that time, Dou Xian's greatest political achievement was to lead the army to Beiping Xiongnu twice, the first time to send troops to fight in today's Mongolia, and the second time to lead troops to the west of Hami in Xinjiang. The two dispatches of troops won the harmony and stability of the north for many years. Ban Gu and Dou Xian are "township parties", and they are both right-wing people. Ban Gu followed Dou Xian's northern expedition to the west, was both a staff officer and a secretary, and went out for the first time, breaking the Huns, and making "Feng Yanran Mountain Inscription", recording the outstanding military exploits of the Northern Expedition. Fan Zhongyan's poem "Yan Ran has no plan" refers to this incident. A few years later, Dou Xianju deceived the master, and killed himself after losing power. Ban Gu was imprisoned as a remnant and died in prison the same year at the age of 61. Bangu's life can be said to be glorious in life, but not great in death.

There are two kinds of people in the world, men and women. There are two things, civil affairs and military affairs. The military generals bring literary brilliance, which is to increase their ability. If the literati have martial arts, they also increase their skills. But he is also a literati and a martial artist, looking at some testimonies in history, the ending of life is very annoying. A line of eggplant, a line of cowpeas, what tree bears what fruit. Grafted fruit trees, such as the one called "apple pear", are only temporarily abundant, and the taste is also special, but the late life of the tree is not guaranteed.

The Book of Han is Ban Gu's outstanding contribution and is the first history of China's dynasties. Bangu's worldview is still Confucian, guarding the way of the monarch and the minister. He criticized Sima Qian for "discussing the Great Road first Huang Lao, and then the Six Classics, the prelude ranger retreated from the priest and entered the traitorous male, and the narrator was snobbish and ashamed of the poor", in fact, this is the open area of the historian Sima Qian's world view. Although Ban Gu's "Book of Han" also has an "out-of-line" pen, although the writing method follows the traces of "Spring and Autumn", "Spring and Autumn" is the kind of writing style that summarizes current political news, while "Hanshu" is "full of words and preparations", paying attention to the fullness and "lethality" of details. For example, the opening paragraph of the opening work "The First Episode of the Gao Di Ji":

Gao Zu, a native of Zhongyangli, Peifengyi, is also surnamed Liu. When the mother tasted Daze, she dreamed of meeting God. When the thunder and lightning are obscure, the father and the princess look at it, and see the dragon on it. has already had a pregnancy, and then gave birth to a high ancestor.

The emperor is not an ordinary person, he is not raised by his father and mother, he is the son of heaven. The duty of a courtier is to try to find evidence of innate creation. Ban Gu is a historian, although he abides by the righteousness of the monarch and the minister, but he is also brave because of his literary heart, writing about Liu's mother's conception process, a peasant woman's "divine friendship" in the rain, which Liu's father saw with his own eyes. The rare "Spring and Autumn" brushwork is really from the heart and does not exceed the rules. Learn from Comrade Bangu.