We were leisurely and leisurely, strolling slowly and leisurely through the center of Rome, although we were not the eye-catching male and female characters of TV series and movies, but we were still pregnant with the same movie "Roman Holiday" The heroes and heroines and the supporting characters are the same joy, leisure and leisure, unconsciously come to a fountain with a tall spire monument erected in the center, the base of the monument is carved with Roman mythological scenes, the original fountain is located in the forecourt of the Roman Pantheon, we unconsciously came to the famous ancient Greek architecture in front of the Pantheon, it is translated as the Pantheon, The temple of Panthion, and it is also the only Roman Empire period building that has been completely preserved in modern society, it is really a particularly lucky building, after the passage of time, it is still preserved unharmed to the present, we are at this moment in the ancient Rome of the same period of the Great Song Dynasty to see this building is even more new, majestic, magnificent, splendid, because after all, it is less than a thousand years less than modern society, less than a thousand years of wind and sand and dust, Xiao Fei in order to show his erudition, it is estimated that in order to be not to be outdone in front of Duan Gongzi, so he chattered in my ear again, and he began to explain endlessly"Don't underestimate this ancient building, which was built in 27-25 BC by Agrippa, the son-in-law of Octavian, the first emperor of the Roman Empire, to worship the gods on Mount Olympia, and is a classic of the Augustan period. The fire of 80 AD destroyed most of the Pantheon, leaving only a rectangular colonnade with 16 granite columns 12.5 meters high, which was later used as the portico of the later rebuilt Pantheon, with a commemorative inscription from the first construction period engraved on the top of the portico, and the original scale of the Pantheon can still be seen from the eight huge columns on the front of the portico. The Pantheon, built in 27 BC and rebuilt in 120 AD, was praised by Michelangelo as an angelic design. The pantheon means all, theon means god, the word is the word for the word "gir", meaning all the gods, in ancient Greece, the temple used to worship the gods of the universe was called the pantheon. This pantheon is the only one of the most important buildings from the Roman Empire that has been preserved intact to this day. It was built in a triangular shape by the illustrious Agrihuang between 27 and 25 BC, and after Agrihuang wanted to dedicate it to his father-in-law, Emperor Augustus, who rejected it, the Pantheon became a place dedicated to the gods. On the original site, Emperor Hadrian, a fanatical admirer of Greek civilization, personally designed and supervised the construction of this unworthy building. In 609, the Byzantine Emperor Fogah gifted the Pantheon to Pope Bonifaggio IV, who converted it into a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary and the martyrs who gave their lives to the Lord. It is said that the building was most likely designed by Emperor Hadrian himself. This emperor was one of the greatest figures of the ancient Roman Empire, he was a military strategist, a statesman, a traveler, a poet and an architect, and it was precisely because he was an architect and a traveler that it was possible to design such a special building that perfectly combined the two styles. At the same time, the building is a typical example of how the Romans borrowed Greek styles to enrich their artistic style. The Pantheon's 16 large columns, all with plinths and capitals, have a column circumference of 4.5 meters and a height of 12.5 meters. The columns are made of rose and white granite, which harmonizes with the color of the circular main building made of red brick at the back. The front porch formed by these 16 columns is 33.1 meters wide horizontally and 15.5 meters deep in front and back. On the beams under the pediment above the column is a line of large letters - built by Mar Agrippa, the son-in-law of Augustus and the third governor. Agrippa, who lived to be about 50 years old and died in 12 BC, and according to a 1892 study by a French architect, the bricks and stones used in the Pantheon belonged to the building materials of the Common Era, which is obviously consistent with the theory that Emperor Hadrian built it, but the building clearly states that Agrippa died in BC, which is more than 100 years wrong. It turns out that the Pantheon was first built by Agrippa in 27~25 BC to worship Jupiter, Apollo, the god of war and other gods, so it is called Pantheon. It is a Greek word that can also be translated as pantheon, i.e. worship of any god. Polytheism was prevalent in Rome at that time. Thus the gods are worshipped. However, by 80 AD, a citywide fire broke out in Rome, and the Pantheon was not spared. It was restored, but it was damaged by the reign of Emperor Hadrian, who ordered the Pantheon to be rebuilt in 120 AD, possibly designed it himself, and was not finally completed until 125 AD. However, the emperor never engraved his name on the buildings he built, so the newly built Pantheon still inscribed Agrippa on it. BY THE WAY, DO YOU STILL SEE UPWARDS, THE WORDS ON THIS PANTHEON ARE THE WORDS MAGRIPPALFCOSTERTIVMFECIT, WHICH IS LATIN, AND ITS Chinese MEANING - MARCUS AGRIBA, THE SON OF LYCIUS AND THE THIRD CONSUL, BUILT THIS TEMPLE. It is worth noting that tertivm here means three, and the Latin word should be tertium, but because before the Middle Ages there was no u, only v. To the Middle Ages v changed to u. And this pantheon is a rare example of ancient Rome's exquisite architectural technology, second to none. It is a huge cylinder of equal width and height, covered with a semicircular roof. Many famous artists, including Raphael, are buried here, and his tomb is located between the fifth and seventh niches in the temple, a place chosen by the master, because it is here that the last rays of the sun kiss each day. The megalithic statue of the Virgin in front of the tomb was done by his pupil Lorenzo Dao. The great genius artist was appointed by the Pope as the foremost architect of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, and had absolute freedom to dispose of all buildings and monuments within a sixteen-kilometer radius of Rome. Raphael's admiration for the classical Greek art style is amply illustrated in his painting The School of Athens, which is even more clearly illustrated by the artist's final choice to sleep in the Pantheon in the style of Cuisine. In addition, the tombs of two of Raphael's protégés, Devaka and Daudine, as well as his contemporary, Ba Belluzzi, are also here. However, they have not yet been born, so there is no place for them, and the rulers of the Italian absolute monarchy are still buried, including Emmanuel II and Umberto I and their queens. The Pantheon is the temple where the gods reside, and it is a place where history has changed.

"We couldn't take our eyes off the past, and sure enough, this Pantheon is the best-preserved ancient Roman building, this temple is very peculiar, the outermost front side by side 8 columns form a horizontal rectangular building, which is equivalent to the front porch of the Pantheon, and above the front of the front porch is an isosceles triangle, forming the herringbone roof of the front porch. Behind the front porch is the circular Pantheon. The style of the front porch is entirely Hellenistic, while the rotunda at the back is typical of the Romanesque style, and the entire Pantheon perfectly combines the two styles into a unique building. We slowly entered the Pantheon with great interest, let us not expect, to our surprise is that it is actually a round sphere, really admire the architect's ingenious craftsmanship, whimsy, its interior is completely round, the ground is round, from the ground up, the vertical wall from the bottom to the top gradually to the inside of the slow unknown contraction, the wall and the top are integrated, even as a piece, but also self-contained into a circle, like a huge football from the middle cut back there. And it feels incredible that there are no windows around, and in addition to entering the door, this building has no other doors, it is very safe, the top is a skylight with a diameter of 8.92 meters, which is the only source of indoor light, but although there is only this isolated and helpless light source, but because the skylight is facing the sky, so the whole interior is very open, atmospheric, bright and transparent. And after we went in, we felt that it was particularly magnificent, the weather was thousands, the momentum was magnificent, and it was not depressing at all.

"Do you know why we feel so small when we enter this place? It turns out that it is a unique optical illusion caused by the simple proportions of its structure, because the diameter of its circular ground is exactly equal to the internal height of the whole building, both of which are 43.4 meters, and the dome roof naturally extends downwards to form a perfect sphere that meets the ground. A closer look shows that the lower part of its interior is drum-shaped, and the drum-shaped walls are arranged in sequence with two layers of protruding cornices, and the upper cornice is topped by a vault, which is connected by recessed flat-top paneling, the lower part of the paneling is wide, and the upper part is windowed, forming a dome roof, and the whole interior is free of a single main column and beam. In the middle of the dome roof is the round skylight in which the light enters, the edge of the skylight is copper, and as a match, there is a copper cover with a slightly larger diameter on this skylight to prevent rain from entering the room, and the dome of the Pantheon with a diameter of 43.4 meters has been the world's largest beamless round arch, until 1960, when Rome built a 100-meter-diameter stadium dome, this record was broken. The foundation, walls, and dome of the Pantheon are all poured concrete made of volcanic ash, which is very strong. The base plan of the Pantheon is also 43.4 meters in diameter, which is equal to the height, making the interior very complete and compact. The lower half of the Pantheon is hollow cylindrical, starting at half the height and the upper half is a hemispherical dome. The base part of the Pantheon is 7.3 meters wide at the bottom, the walls and dome are up to 6 meters thick at the bottom, and the top of the dome is 1.5 meters thick. In order to make the decreasing thickness of the dome wall more conducive to the stability of the overall building of the Pantheon, the inner wall of the dome of the Pantheon is neatly divided into 5 rows of 28 grids, each of which is carved and concave from top to bottom, which not only makes the decreasing wall thickness more reasonable, but also increases the aesthetics of the interior of the Pantheon. In order to reduce the weight of the dome, the architect cleverly made 28 recesses on the inner surface of the dome, divided into 5 rows, and at the same time, on the premise that there is a door on the wall, 7 alcoves were also opened as shrines, and the height and diameter of the top of the dome were the same, which was also 43.3 meters, so that the section of the Pantheon could just accommodate a full circle, and its internal wall was divided into two layers close to the golden section, so it was often used as an ancient example of compositional harmony through geometric forms. Ancient Roman architecture is a pearl in the treasure house of architectural art, which carries the architectural style of ancient Greek civilization, highlights the characteristics of the Mediterranean region, and is a development of ancient Greek architecture. Ancient Rome became a Mediterranean power in the 2nd century BC, and at the same time the Romans began construction of Rome. By the time the Roman Empire was founded in the 1st century AD, the city of Rome had become a world city on a par with the city of Chang'an in the East. Its urban infrastructure construction has been relatively perfect, and the city is gradually developing in the direction of art. Roman architecture is very different from its sculptural art, and is famous for its symmetry and grandeur. Indeed, if we take a cursory peek at the Pantheon from the outside, it resembles a large fortress that is closed and tight, and it will feel particularly unpretentious, unremarkable, and uneventful.

But the moment we stepped into the magnificent bronze triangular gate that echoed the gilded copper tiles covering the dome and the ceiling of the portico, we had a sudden realization, an enlightenment, a surprise, an incredible feeling, and we were immediately conquered and worshiped by the magnificence and grandeur of its interior.

Especially when the golden sun shines down from the round hole at the top, unscrupulously sprinkled onto the crimson smooth marble, the light and shadow flow, and there is a kind of quiet, solemn beauty.

So the design of this Pantheon is truly unique and peerless, not only aesthetically first-rate, but also technically first-class.

From the foundation to the cupola, the building consists of an extremely complex paved arch structure, which is built with arched brackets to support the interior and build from the bottom up.

The building materials are brick, tuff, pumice, marble, etc., with heavy materials used for the ground floor and lighter materials for the upper floors.

From the bottom up, not only the weight of the building materials is reduced, but the thickness of the walls is also gradually reduced from the bottom up.

The walls of the foundation are 5.9 meters thick, and the top is gradually degraded to only 1.5 meters. It is conceivable how complex and advanced the knowledge required for the design and calculation of such a complex project, and it is precisely because this building has reached such an advanced level in design and construction that it can finally go through nearly 2000 years and still be basically intact without structural repair, which amazes the time, the world, and the years, so in the face of such profound knowledge and skills of these ancient Romans, let us people from modern society and the old people from the Great Song Dynasty can't help but be dumbfounded, dazzled, and praised from the bottom of our hearts。