If we want to talk about the formation process of Chinese science, we must first understand the "Zhou Yi", which originally came from the "Book of Changes". The Book www.biquge.info of Changes is a natural conclusion drawn by the ancient Chinese and night observation of the changes in the sky along the Yellow River Basin, and the natural conclusion drawn by the day observation of wind and rain and cloudiness, which is the practical experience summed up by the witchcraft divigraphers of ancient Chinese generation by generation, and is the most primitive natural encyclopedia in Chinese, that is, the natural science of ancient China.

The "Book of Changes" was deleted many times after it was written, and finally determined to be in the hands of Sun Laoer, and now the "Zhou Yi" we see is the Book of Changes after the second master of Confucius "deleted the Six Classics and the constitution for eternity".

"Zhou Yi" has four basic contents: image, number, reason, and occupation. Its principle is derived from celestial phenomena and earthly conditions.

1. Elephants originate from the ancients' summary of the movement of celestial bodies and the appearance of the earth. In ancient times, the Chinese ancestors lived in the Yellow River Valley, and the ancients observed the North Star from near the line of 36 degrees north latitude and observed the circle of stars in Zhoutian. This stellar circle was summarized by the ancients as 28 Nakshatras, which rotate around the North Pole to form a coordinate of celestial bodies. With the North Star as the center, the North Star is what the ancients said about the North Star, and people believe that it does not move in the center of the celestial phenomena and is the Emperor of Heaven. Sometimes it is also called Taiyi, Taiyi, etc., the Big Dipper, Tianshu, Tianxuan, Tianfeng, Tianquan four stars are called Doukui or Xuanyan. Yuheng, Kaiyang, and Shake Light are called bucket handles. The first two stars of Doukui and the North Pole remain unchanged in a straight line, and the entire Big Dipper revolves around the North Pole. The twenty-eight Nakshatras are like scales on the clock dial, arranged on the great circumference of the celestial bodies, and the seven Nakshatras in the East are the horns, the Kang, the clan, the fang, the heart, the tail, and the kei, like the dragon. The seven houses in the north are fighting, bull, female, void, dangerous, room, wall, elephant turtle and snake. The seven western houses are Kui, Lou, Stomach, Ang, Bi, Wei, and Ginseng, like a white tiger. The seven houses in the south are wells, ghosts, willows, stars, zhang, wings, and zhen, like vermilion birds. The handle rotates clockwise, while the Sun and Moon as observed by coordinates rotate counterclockwise. Coupled with the motion of the five stars of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth, this is a general outline of the orbit of the celestial bodies. We are used to having a circumference of 360 degrees. The circumference of "Zhou Yi" is taken from the movement of the heavenly disk, according to the movement of the heavens, the earth, the sun and the moon. To be precise, a circumference is 365v4 degrees, and the ancients formulated the calendar based on the movement of the sun, moon and stars. In November of the first year of the first year of the Taichu, Jiazi was named after the winter solstice in the middle of the day and night, and the famous Taichu calendar was formulated. This is the elephant.

Second, number. Zhou Yi's number, "Yi has Taiji, which is to give birth to two instruments, two instruments to give birth to four elephants, and four elephants to give birth to gossip." "Easy for the universe, the universe explosion is divided into heaven and earth, heaven and earth have Taiji, Taiji is divided into two instruments, and the two instruments are heaven and earth, yin and yang, odd and even, and so on. Heaven and earth are divided into two poles, the two poles are divided into yin and yang, and yin and yang are divided into four elephants, and the four elephants are spring, summer, autumn and winter, east and west, north and south. The four seasons give birth to gossip, and the gossip is to dry and leave the earthquake and the Kang Kun. Bagua contains yin and yang and lives in the eight directions, and there are mountains and rivers in the eight directions containing the five elements, the five elements are gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and the five elements have shengke, and the law of geographical change is contained in it.

Zhou Yi's mathematical principle is the congruent binary number multiplication progressive method, that is, one two gets two, two two gets four, four four gets eight, eight eight sixty-four, sixty-four times sixty-four...... , infinite multiplication. This mathematical principle has been widely used in computer systems today, and scientists have a consensus that this mathematical principle is still the principle of the origin of the universe, that is, the universe originated from one, one times divided into two, two times into four, four times into eight, eight eight and sixty-four,...... Infinite expansion, endless endless. Calculating the margin of the universe with binary numbers will be endless, and it is impossible to calculate an end point, this data looks very complicated, in fact, it is very simple, the celestial body formed after the Big Bang is an infinitely expanding celestial body, you can't calculate its margin, this celestial body is expanding according to the mathematical principle of double progression, unlimited expansion, which is also the actual situation of the universe as we understand it today.

Zhou Yi's number technique is based on the principle of binary numbers, calculating the periodic fluctuations that will occur in the sixty-four spaces that move back and forth in the process of the development of things in the universe. Calculate the number with the same probability of appearing every sixty-four cycles in space. And use the extrapolated data to predict the direction of future development. The 64 probabilities are used to replicate the law of change of the entire system of the universe, and the mathematical concept of infinite expansion of celestial bodies is compressed and applied to the concept of 64 elephants. Symbolically, the celestial space is summarized in sixty-four small universes, and the sixty-four small universes form a great circle, and the cycle is repeated in the infinite large space.

To put it simply, binary numbers can be used to calculate the number of celestial expansions without limit, while when Zhou Yi uses binary numbers to calculate, he only calculates to 8864 digits, and no longer calculates in the future, he uses 64 digits to define the probability number of the inevitable occurrence of things in the universe. The cyclical repetition of the sixty-four digits will inevitably lead to the periodic fluctuation theory, which is used to outline the periodic change law of the development of things, and to define the predictions for prediction, and to use divination to lock in the sixty-four hexagrams probably, so as to deduce a certain event that may occur in the development of things in a certain time period.

Zhou Yi's prediction method is to lock the principle of infinite expansion of the universe into the sixty-four hexagrams, and the artificially locked sixty-four hexagrams is a four-dimensional space. In this four-dimensional space, the development of all things always has periodic laws, so the sages recorded this information, defined the sixty-four ranges, and used the method of logical reasoning to outline the periodic changes in the development of things, and then conceptually edited the sixty-four hexagrams, and then used the turtle to do the divination, and the yarrow to make the divination, to select the hexagrams, and then according to the scope of the hexagram to define the divination, and then according to the divination to predict that at a certain time, a certain moment, a certain place, a certain direction will appear in a certain aspect of the event, behavior, phenomenon and so on。

This is why Zhou Yi wants to use the sixty-four trigrams to predict the origin of Vientiane, and it is also the source of Chinese thought, and the Chinese mentality of paying attention to established policies and pursuing established goals comes from here, and Chinese talk about rules, perfection, cycles, cause and effect, retribution, reasoning, righteousness, and so on and so on.

After the formation of "Zhou Yi", it had a significant impact on Chinese cosmology, religious studies, philosophy and social sciences, logical concepts and other disciplines, and was the source of ideas for almost all disciplines of Chinese. Therefore, Zhou Yi is "the head of the group of scriptures, the source of the avenue". This is the number of Zhou Yi.

3. When it comes to the ideological roots of the Chinese nation, we must talk about Zhou Yizhong's "reason". Zhou Yi is known as "the head of the group of classics, the source of the avenue". Zhou Yi believes that heaven and earth are divided into yin and yang, the sky is yang, the earth is yin, the upper is yang, the lower is yin, the male is yang, and the female is yin. The heavenly stem is yang, and the heavenly stem is yin. The earthly branch Yinchen Wu Shen is yang, and the ugly Mao is not unitary and the decay is yin. Lonely yin does not grow, pure yang does not grow. If there is more yang, it will be short, and if there is more yin, it will be absolute. The cathode is reversed to yang, and the anode is turned negative.

The strongest positive reactions in Tiangan are Ren and Jia, and the strongest negative reactions in Tianyin stem are Ding and Xin. Tianyang Gan Ke Tianyin Gan is the strongest is C and Geng, and Tianyin Gan restrains Tianyang Gan The strongest are Ding and Xin. Therefore, Ren sees that Jia can turn into yin, and Ding sees Xin can be transformed into yang, which is called extreme yang and yin, and extreme yin turns yang. The cathode of the earthly branch is in the sub, and the anode is in the noon, so the sub-son will turn yang when they meet, and the noon and noon will turn yin.

Yin gives birth to yang, yang gives birth to yin, old yin is less yang, old yang is less yin, solitary yang is not long, and only yin is not born. Yin and yang transformation, odd and even, complementary is born, mutually exclusive is stopped, and the contract is self-contained.

The traditional cultural ideas and scientific concepts of the Chinese all come from this theoretical system, which is the source of the ideological concepts, moral norms and political laws of the Chinese nation.

Zhou Yi's "rational" thought is derived from the theory of yin and yang, which believes that heaven and earth are divided into two instruments, and the two instruments exist in yin and yang, yin and yang complement each other, and interact with each other, and all the rational and mathematical foundations of heaven and earth are born from the theory of yin and yang.

The two instruments contain yin and yang, yin and yang store the four seasons, the four seasons store the eight directions, the eight directions have eight trigrams, the eight trigrams have nine numbers, and the five elements are contained in them. Zhou Yicheng first took the image, then calculated, then theorem, and then occupied. Scientific and systematic, the culmination of heaven and earth. Therefore, it is "the head of the group of scriptures, the source of the avenue". After Zhou Yi's concept was formed, the hundred schools of thought were formed, among which the most representative are Confucianism, Taoism, Law, and Mo.

After the Book of Changes was written, it was deleted many times, and finally determined in the hands of Sun Laoer, and now the "Zhou Yi" we see is the Book of Changes after Confucius "deleted the Six Classics and Hung the Constitution for eternity". Naturally, the reason in "Zhou Yi" should also start with the "reason" of Confucius Erfuzi.

"Zhou Yi" believes that heaven and earth are divided into two instruments, the two instruments are divided into yin and yang, yin and yang are divided into four seasons, and the four seasons give birth to gossip, and the five elements are contained in it. Therefore, Confucianism believes that yin and yang are divided into heaven and earth, heaven and earth are divided into monarchs and ministers, and monarchs and ministers are divided into upper and lower, up and down there are left and right, left and right are divided into two ends, and the two ends are mutually repulsed, and the word "benevolence" sits in the middle. The two people of "benevolence" are also, and the yin and yang contract becomes "benevolence". The word ren is the support point that balances the left and right ends of a straight line. The word "benevolence" is in the center, balancing the relationship between the two instruments, and achieving the beginning of "self-cultivation, family, governance, and leveling the world", Confucianism starts from "benevolence", yin and yang "two people", and yin and yang together "benevolence".

According to Confucianism, there is yin and yang in heaven and earth, yin and yang biological species, human beings in the species, human beings gather in groups, and groups gather in countries. There are kings and ministers in the country, kings in the country, and husbands in the family. The monarch is the power of the country, and the husband is in charge of the family. The state has a monarch and ministers, the family has a husband and wife, the husband and wife have children, the children become a society, the society is divided into eight directions, there are mountains and rivers in the eight directions, the mountains and rivers are materials, and the quality is contained in them, among which there are five elements, and the five elements are gold, wood, water, fire and earth. It can be summed up in personnel as "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith". The five elements have shengke, shengke has regulations, and regulation circulates in them. The five principles have their strengths and weaknesses, and the rule is distributed among them.

Heaven and earth have yin and yang, yin and yang are divided into men and women, men and women have society, and the cycle of domination is in it. There are classes in the rule, and there are two classes up and down. In the sky for the Jade Emperor, in the earth for the Emperor. The emperor should practice "benevolent" politics and educate the lower classes. This is also the origin of what we call the idea of "rational control of man".

Heaven and earth have yin and yang, yin and yang give birth to four seasons, the four seasons have eight directions, and the eight directions have five elements, and the five elements are contained in them. Yin and Yang have men and women, men and women give birth to human beings, human beings have society, society has monarchs and ministers, monarchs and ministers should be the system, the system has the law, the law is summarized into the five elements, gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and it is summarized into personnel is "benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and faith".

The word "benevolence" should be the first to occupy, and "righteousness" and loyalty should follow. "Li" stands in the middle of the ceremony, bowing his waist and bowing. Dong Zichong is the five constants, and the five constants cannot be mixed. Those who are "wise" will follow the law, and those who "believe" will do what they say.

Benevolence, Zhou Yi believes that benevolence comes from yin and yang, one or two gets two, and the yin and yang contract is "benevolence". Therefore, Confucianism believes that everything is from one, one and two are benevolent, two are benevolent, yin and yang contract is benevolent, benevolence is benevolent, and the highest state is yin and yang contract is benevolent. "The old and the old have reached the old, the young and the young", people take one as the core, take the two as the regulation, and do not follow the three, nor from the four. Everything is based on yin and yang, monarchs and ministers, husband and wife, up and down, noble and low, and the core idea is "benevolent government". The principle of heaven, the balance of the earth, from yin and yang, one yin and one yang is benevolence, benevolence from two, two from benevolence, "two" is the core content of Confucian theory, "two" benevolence, benevolence, morality, regulation from the Son of Heaven, the son of heaven benevolent government of the world, this is the open source of Chinese governance thought, that is, the so-called Confucianism.

Righteousness, righteousness is the sheep, the sheep is obedient, conform to one, Conghua two, everyone is obedient from one to the second for righteousness. The minister follows the king, the wife follows the husband, and the son follows the father, "words do not have to be believed, deeds do not have to be fruitful, but the righteousness lies", if you don't do it, you can, and you can act without results, but the minister must obey the king and dedicate himself to the king. The wife must obey her husband and dedicate herself to her husband. The Son must obey the Father and be filial to the Father. This is the way of heaven, the way of heaven from benevolence, benevolence into righteousness, righteousness should be offered below, dedication is righteousness, righteousness is awe-inspiring, duty is unaspiring, the minister goes to die for the king, the wife goes to die for the husband, the son goes to die for the father, and the next death is "righteousness", "only where the righteousness is" everything can be lost, but righteousness is the principle of heaven and must exist. This is the Confucian "righteousness". If you understand "righteousness", you will also know why the ancient anti-emperor was called a rebel army.

Etiquette, "Yi" said: "There are husbands and wives, fathers and sons, monarchs and ministers, up and down, and there is something wrong with etiquette." So the Confucianism of Confucius said, "The Tao is virtuous, and the Qi is courteous." "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand." "Morality and righteousness, incivility is not successful, teaching righteousness and vulgarity, and incivility is not prepared." Divide the argument and the lawsuit, and the indecent indecisiveness is not decided. Fathers and sons, brothers and sons, indecencies. Constitutional teacher, indecent and indecent. The Ban Dynasty governs the army, and the officials do the law, and it is not good to be indecent and majestic. Pray for shrines and sacrifices, offer to ghosts and gods, indecent and insincere. It is a gentleman who is respectful and austere, and retreats to be courteous. "In this way, the country governs its country and the family governs its home, and it is a state of etiquette. The "Poems" say that rats have internal systems, so how can people have no etiquette? If people do not have etiquette, it is better to die early, and what is the point of living? Therefore, as a gift of imperial power, they bow down and kneel on the ground to spare them. Under the system of family and father-in-law etiquette, husband and wife "respect and humility in an orderly manner, up and down have a body". All fields are subject to etiquette, etiquette teaches the world, and etiquette prospers the country. This is the Confucian rite.

Wisdom, from knowledge, from the custom, from the convention, the law of long-term vision is wisdom. Master Meng Sanzi set "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom" as four ends, "the heart of compassion, the end of benevolence, the heart of shame, the end of righteousness, the heart of resignation, the end of courtesy, the heart of right and wrong, and the end of wisdom." "Wisdom is the right and wrong, the routine of life, the regular rules of behavior of people. Wisdom is that people summarize the lessons and lessons summarized in their long-term life and form intelligent decisions to judge the rights and wrongs of what happens in people's lives. This is the highest state of wisdom.

Believe, follow the word, do what you say, and believe in fruition. "Letter" comes from the five constants invented by Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty based on the principles of Confucianism, and letter is not the original theory of Confucius and Meng Sanfuzi, but from the invention and creation of Confucian believers, but "letter" is a summary of "benevolence". When people reach the highest state of "benevolence" through the yin-yang contract, faith must be fruitful, and faith must fulfill its promises in order to achieve the highest state of physical and mental unity, and it will never swerve to death. This realm has the meaning of yin and yang, traveling through time and space. This is the moral standard and value standard of the Chinese nation.

This is the Confucian "principle". After the formation of the Confucian theoretical system, after the Qin Dynasty's "book burning and pit Confucianism", to the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu's "deposing a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", the world's thoughts were unified, and there was no thought that was different from one to two in the next few thousand years.

It is easy to produce a hundred schools, and Taoism is naturally produced from Yi.

The Taoist philosophy of science is "Taoism and Nature". Yi is the universe, and the beginning of the universe is one, which is "easy". The universe is divided into heaven and earth, and there are two instruments between heaven and earth, and the two instruments contain yin and yang, yin and yang are mutually repulsive, and the channels are repulsed, and the channels are into orbits, and the orbits are laws, and the laws are contained in them.

Taoism believes that all events come from the mutual expulsion of yin and yang, forming a mechanism in which there are laws, through heaven and earth, and passages. The Taoist theory of Taoism and nature comes from the Taoist understanding of "Tao". In the Taoist view, Tao is the fundamental truth of the origin of the universe. "Dao" is the terminal of the origin of the universe, the universe originated from the "Dao", the heaven and the earth originated from the "Dao", yin and yang, the sun and the moon, monarchs and ministers, male and female, male and female all arise from the "Dao". The Tao is a law of natural generation, and in summary, the Tao is the natural passage to the cosmic space. All things on earth come from the life channel of the sky, so Taoists believe that all things in heaven and earth are immortal, and the cycle repeats, and the cycle repeats, and the beginning and the end.

Taoism is the only religion in the world that believes that life is immortal, and it is also the first religion in the world to realize that species originate from heaven and earth, and the religion of the whole world to recognize the coexistence of species in the sky. Taoism believes that people come from the sky, through the way of heaven, by the wings of the moonlight into the tunnel, the tunnel in the valley, the spring of the valley, through the valley of the valley into the humanity; humanity in the navel, through the **** and born people, consciousness with the sky, natural generation, natural inherent, characteristics of the eternal, the cycle and the beginning, the beginning and the rebirth, until the disappearance and return to the sky, and then through the heaven into the earth, out of humanity and the cycle repeats.

Easy for one, for the universe. Life is two, two is heaven and earth, yin and yang, male and female, male and female. Two give birth to four elephants, the four elephants are divided into east and west, north and south, spring, summer, autumn and winter. The four elephants give birth to the eight directions, and the eight directions give birth to the Qiandui from the earthquake Xun Kang Kunkun, north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest. Geography exists in all directions, geography gives birth to five elements, gold, wood, water, fire and earth. The five elements are stored in five places, east, west, north, south, and middle. The five elements have shengke, and stillness has regularity. There is weakness in the use of guarding, there is a deficit in the full, the upper must be humble, there is a diameter in the song, the demand should be given up first, the good should be like water, and the next song will be followed.

Therefore, Taoism follows the ideas of "Taoism and Nature" and "control by doing nothing", advocates liberal thought, and follows the political concept of free management and rule by inaction. Therefore, Taoism not only produces political masters like Liu Bang, but also produces demon kings like Huang Chao.

Legalists follow the theory of heaven and earth, believing that heaven and earth have yin and yang, yin and yang have mutual exclusion, mutual exclusion has laws, laws become laws, laws should be self-reliant, and the law should be immediate, and the law will be sentient beings. Legalists use the concept of the Book of Changes to believe that the legal system is a necessary criterion for governing the country and leveling the world, opposing the Confucian "rule by man" and the Taoist "rule by inaction", and forming the Legalist idea of "law, potential, and art" to govern the country and secure the country. To a certain extent, the ideological tendency of Legalism is close to the modern Westerners' concept of governing the country, and it is the prototype of the idea of ruling the country by law. It's just that the ideological concept of old China was a political concept that put the interests of the superstructure first, and the maintenance of the superstructure was the criterion, and the political ideology that was conducive to enhancing the security of the interests of the superstructure would become more and more complete, and the political concept that was unfavorable to the superstructure would only become narrower and narrower, and the theoretical thinking would become narrower and narrower.

According to the principles of the Book of Changes, the Mohists set up small social groups headed by giants, advocating "simultaneous love", "non-aggression", and "Shangxian", forming ideological propositions that are sharply opposed to Confucian views. Mohists advocate social love, the people are still the same, take into account fairness, oppose the concept of hierarchy, and advocate the idea of peaceful coexistence in the world, non-interference, non-aggression, and non-aggression. Put forward the frugal ideas of thrift, thrift, thrift, and burial. Follow the laws of nature, respect the experience of predecessors, and "clear ghosts" the wisdom of predecessors. Mohist thought has the idea of social fairness and public interest, which will not be accepted by the feudal emperors in the later period, so after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it gradually faded out of the ideological world and was submerged by the rolling red dust of history.

Zhou Yi's "Divination" is a summary of "Image", "Number" and "Theory", and Zhou Yi's Divination is the specific embodiment of divination and divination, and it is the specific operation method of prediction.

Zhouyi's account is an independent and complete set of forecasting methods.

Zhou Yi's divination technique was first used to use the yarrow method for divination, "The number of Dayan is fifty, and there are nine out of forty." When it is divided into two to like two, hanging one to like three, and when it is four to like four, it is strange to be like a leap. At the age of five, it is intercalated, so it is hung again. Heaven 1, Earth 2, Heaven 3, Earth 4, Heaven 5, Earth 6, Heaven 7, Earth 8, Heaven 9, Earth 10. The number of days is five, and the number of places is five. The five are in harmony with each other, the number of days is twenty and five, the number of earth is thirty, and the number of heaven and earth is fifty and five, so it becomes a change and acts ghosts and gods. There are six out of two hundred and ten, four out of one hundred and forty, and sixty out of three hundred, the day of the current period. The strategy of the two articles, 1,520 thousand, when the number of all things. Therefore, the four camps became "Yi", and eight out of ten changed into hexagrams, and gossip became small. Extension, touch and grow, the world's ability to do everything. Showing the virtue of God, making it easy for customers to entertain and be with God. Here is a detailed description of Zhou Yi's divination method.

Another method comes from the Han Dynasty Jingfang, because the yarrow method operation process is cumbersome, and very time-consuming, so he invented the numismatic method, that is, to replace yarrow with three copper coins, with the method of tossing coins, take the front and back of the coin, each throw must have four different results, two yin and one yang (for the less yang), two yang and one yin (for the less yin), three yang (for the old yang), three yin (for the old yin). In this way, six times are repeatedly thrown to get a hexagram to replace the yarrow method of divination, but the coin throwing method of Jingfang can never replace the yarrow method, because the probability of the coin throwing method and the yarrow method is completely different.

This is the root of Chinese science, and all this is the source of the Chinese's "convincing people with reason".

What exactly is science? All the studies derived from the I Ching are collectively referred to as traditional Chinese science, among which Confucianism, Taoism, Moism, and Legalism are the most representative.

Speaking of which, I am afraid that even the so-called great Confucians in modern China have not figured out what "science" is, so what kind of science is science? In the final analysis, science is the study of "reasoning," that is, they are talking about the word "reason," and this word is the word "truth" that we have on our lips today; in fact, "science" is the study of "truth," and when it comes to great truth, it is metaphysics, that is, the political ideology of the superstructure, and when it comes to small truths, it is the common thing in the lives of ordinary people, benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith, and that birth, old age, sorrow, and death.

In the final analysis, it is the knowledge used by the ancient Chinese royal class to rule the lower classes, and the lower level is the knowledge that the common people use to measure the problems they encounter in their daily lives. To put it in layman's terms, it is the knowledge that the ancient emperors used to formulate the rules of the country, how to formulate the state system, when to go to the court, how to salute the monarchs and ministers after the court, how to call them, and how to deal with the government and so on.

So what is the relationship between traditional Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy?

Strictly speaking, Western philosophy is included in traditional Chinese science, but Western philosophy does not cover traditional Chinese science, and is not even related to traditional Chinese science.

What is Western philosophy, don't look at what I've written so much, I haven't even touched the edge of philosophy, so what is Western philosophy?

To be precise, Western philosophy is a study based on the spirit, and philosophy is a cloud of smoke in the virtual world, ethereal, vague, and broad and expansive. If you have to put philosophy in a certain box, then you can define it in the human heart, or you can define it in the spiritual soul. In any case, philosophy has no specific relationship with "matter", and even if it does, it is the "material world" under the "absolute spirit".

If you must relate philosophy to the material foundation, then you should not call it "Western philosophy", you should still call it "Chinese science", you should return to the study of "reasoning", "reasoning" and "reason", continue to build your lofty and noble tower, continue to maintain your image of a righteous man and a gentleman, and advocate and carry forward your righteous and bright virtues. Anyway, hypocrisy and flaws have nothing to do with you, so you should continue to set your moral standards. Even denying the existence of a human soul, and the true face of a person has nothing to do with you.

In the final analysis, Western philosophy is a study based on objective idealism and has a theory of defects, while Chinese philosophy is a study based on intuitive materialism and only exists in a perfect world.

This is the fundamental difference between Western philosophy and Chinese science.

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