Fail!

Fail!

Fail!

When the Rockefeller refinery was located, Doug also set up a research and development team for internal combustion engines.

The external combustion engine relies on the thermal expansion and contraction of the gas to complete the reciprocating motion of the piston.

The internal combustion engine relies on high-temperature and high-pressure oil-liquid mixture combustion, and then uses a crank structure to complete the reciprocating piston.

The principles of the two have similarities, and the structure also has commonalities.

However, the latter is several times more difficult than the former.

Doug originally wanted to develop an internal combustion engine during the construction of the refinery.

Once the refinery is built, it can provide a completely new use for the refinery's products.

However, despite the fact that the principle was figured out, it failed again and again.

At first, I thought it was a problem with the oil.

Unlike external combustion engines, internal combustion engines are more delicate. Because the combustion takes place inside the machine. Therefore, only a few relatively pure oils can be used.

Diesel and gasoline are both alternatives.

The external combustion engine, whether it is vegetable oil, lard, kerosene, or even wood burning, can make the external combustion engine work.

After all, external combustion engines rely not on how explosive these fuels are, but on the hot air they provide.

However, after using laboratory methods to purify gasoline and diesel, it still failed.

The reason for this failure, looking for and going, lies in the tolerances of each component.

In fact, any part in this world, when it is made, there will be errors.

This error can get lower and lower with the development of technology, but it will never disappear.

For example, in relatively early times, the Mayans on the earth wanted to burn a clay pot of paper every week, but they made a large mistake to make a jar.

This is because the makers have not yet realized the importance of the measuring tool.

However, if you have a ruler again, will the accuracy become very high?

No.

Just improve, not get high.

Even if it is made exactly according to the scale of the ruler.

However, there are also errors in the scale on the ruler when it is depicted.

Even, when all rulers are made from a standard ruler.

What if that standard prototype ruler is inherently problematic?

After that, the ruler will also be innovated.

The first is the material of the ruler, to ensure that under different temperatures and humidity, try not to deform too much.

Secondly, a more accurate ruler similar to vernier calipers was gradually developed.

At present, the internal combustion engine team owned by Doug is at such a stage.

However, they are proficient in the use of vernier calipers.

But they couldn't make their creations strictly follow the size of the ruler.

Whether it is casting or forging, with the current state of technology, it is difficult for them to control the final product.

Doug asked them to introduce mathematical tools, and although the introduction was helpful, the effect of the help was not very strong.

Because, in a sense, mathematical tools also need to know the underlying data.

The more data you know, the more accurate your calculations will be.

However, the internal combustion engine does not matter whether it is forged or cast. Both of these methods involve one problem, and that is – the material.

Materials science has always been a headache.

Because, to a certain extent, it eats more about experience and accumulation than it eats.

Only accumulation is enough, only experience is enough.

Only then will you know what kind of material, what is suitable for it, and what process it is suitable for.

Because, materials science is all about things like alloys.

Alloys have different proportions in various compositions.

The same ingredient has different temperatures.

Same ingredient at the same temperature, but processed differently.

It's all going to be very different.

And the embodiment of this difference is extremely testing the accuracy of measurement.

Three dimensions of data need to be measured, and then these data are statistically analyzed.

This already involves the level of basic disciplines.

Moreover, the theory of such a basic discipline is not very complete. It's like a blind man touching an elephant, touching the leg of an elephant, but it may not apply to the trunk of an elephant.

Therefore, we can only rely on non-stop experimentation, little by little. It's like a stupid person who wants to move two mountains with his own hands.

And such a basic discipline has also been detached from practical application.

It is very difficult for capitalists to invest in such a thing that will not yield any benefits in the short term.

However, Doug, who is a capitalist at the moment, has to invest in such a basic discipline.

Because, without investment, there is no way to solve the problems encountered by the internal combustion engine today.

Of course, even if you don't study the materials, run the principle of making do, and slowly make do again and again, you can still make a working internal combustion engine in the end.

But being usable is just the beginning.

Because, being able to use it does not mean that it can be used for a long time, and it does not mean that the failure rate is low.

Doug, on his part, began to invest in materials science, and at the same time let them continue to use similar materials and conduct similar research and development.

They have been developing for a long time, and they have failed again and again.

experienced the lesson of blood and tears, and burned a lot of Doug's money.

They finally came up with a working internal combustion engine.

However, you don't think about what this internal combustion engine is made of.

It's not iron, it's not steel.

Rather, it is copper-alloyed.

One of the great advantages of copper alloys is their plasticity.

Compared to steel and iron, it is neither as hard nor as brittle.

So, when Doug asked for a working internal combustion engine. They can grind each component by hand and make minor adjustments to it to achieve smooth operation.

However, there is simply no way to mass-produce such a thing that condenses countless labor and intelligence.

Unlike the so-called "hand-made" when the industrial development was relatively advanced, it is estimated that the British royal family will feel sorry for its cost when using such a thing.

Of course, Doug at this moment is also very sad about this.

However, the decision on the development of the internal combustion engine, he has already made.

It is now impossible to give up, because once abandoned, the cost of silence is too high.

Of course, theoretically speaking, every failure is a foreshadowing for future success.

However, Doug can't do it, and use his own failures to pave the success of others.

Of course, he's already thinking about it now.

It's not so hard to keep up with the progress.

Because, there are some things that you can't be in a hurry about.

At the same time, however, in order to serve the materials researchers of the manufacture of internal combustion engines. But by mistake, I came up with something else - a battery.

The battery is not a human invention, because it exists in nature.

Of course, a special kind of battery belongs to the invention of mankind.

Originally, this researcher didn't want to engage in batteries.

However, while using the solution to corrode different metals at the same time, he suddenly charged himself.

This abnormal discharge phenomenon caught his attention.

After careful research, he found that when two different pieces of metal were placed in a solution and connected by wires, an electric current would be generated.

He didn't understand the rationale behind it.

However, he thought it was fun and interesting, but he automatically researched it.

After all, materials science is a slow work.

Even if he has achieved nothing in the near future, no one will accuse him.

Even if Doug comes, he will only say that he is too unlucky.

Therefore, I use the time in the laboratory and the materials in the laboratory to conduct research that I find interesting.

Well......

He was already silently resisting.

However, there are no secrets that can be hidden in this world.

Anything, more and more people will know.

The most important thing is that people who are obsessed with research will always have some problems in some way.

What's the problem?

It's that they don't hide their thoughts.

Because batteries are really interesting, and even things like electricity they find interesting.

At first, it was just one person playing, and then it evolved into the entire materials research institute, which was playing.

At this time, the paper can't hold the fire, and Doug naturally knows it.

Doug wasn't angry about it, though.

Because, he looked at a new direction - the direction of electricity.

With his weak modern education, he knew the simple principle of power generation, and he also personally felt the role of electricity in promoting social productivity.

However, because he is busy every day.

He has already adapted to this era a little, lighting an oil lamp when it is dark and lighting a fire when it is cold, he has forgotten about electricity.

In the trembling of all the researchers in the Materials Research Institute, Doug split the Materials Research Institute into two parts.

Some of them continued to conduct research on metal materials, while some of them devoted themselves to the Electric Power Research Institute.

However, Doug is not the kind of god who can make the whole project progress by leaps and bounds with two points of advice.

He just showed them some basic knowledge, about the same as electricity in a junior high school physics course.

Just let this group of people go free.

Of course, electricity in this era is like oil, and the most promising application scenario is lighting.

Of course, in fact, electricity is not too new in this era.

After all, this is a cable telegraph, which has been in the era of limited commercial use.

Of course, not many people know about cable telegraphs now.

Not even New Haven has a telegraph point.

Because, because of the problem of weak signals, the telegraph of this era still adopted a very primitive solution.

It was when the telegraph signal was about to reach its limit.

They'll arrange for a person to make the transfer.

He recorded the contents of the telegram and forwarded it to the next destination.

First of all, the cost of this set of things is not low.

Of course, the main cost is the cost of copper wire.

As for the labor cost, it is very low.

However, compared to the cost of construction of the line.

Its communication efficiency is too low.

Because, it is impossible for a person to record a message at the same time.

Therefore, the telegram needs to be scheduled.

In addition, it is a transfer again and again, and it takes a bit of time.

Even, for New Haven.

Even if there is a cable telegraph here, the speed of contact with New York is not necessarily much faster than that of a boat.

The most important thing is that the cost of each telegram is too high.

In the past, only people in the financial industry would use this system to communicate quickly.

However, after the advent of the American newspaper group, these people actually used telegraphs to deliver news.

This......

This shocked the entire media industry.

On the one hand, they were shocked by the extravagance of the American newspaper group, and second, they were shocked that such a company had not yet closed down.

Of course, not all places use this method to deliver news.

After all, the American newspaper group, in a small place, does not even have a newspaper machine.

The timeliness of news is also gradually weakening from large places to small places.

However, even if it is weakened, it still hangs all the local media.

After all, the kind of town with only one or two thousand people.

Perhaps, it is no longer a small city in the hinterland.

However, in such a small city, no one cared about what was going on in the past, and no one passed on the news here.

However, now the American newspaper group has arrived.

If the American newspaper group had abandoned its business in these places, it would have immediately risen from its current state of barely breaking even to making a sharp profit.

However, for Doug, it doesn't matter whether the American Press Group is profitable or not.

For him, a town of one or two thousand people, putting one or two people, can make everyone in the entire town vote for Lincoln, which is already very profitable.

The media is a propaganda medium.

And the propaganda media is not from above, but should be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Therefore, the American newspaper group is really like a US government department, looking at the capillaries of the United States regardless of the cost.

Even, when some local government functional departments encounter problems that cannot be solved, they will come to the newspaper branch of the American newspaper group to seek help.

After all, the local government officials may just be the richer and more prestigious people in the local area.

After all, there are things they can't handle.

And the branch of the American newspaper group brings them fresh news, and they are very capable people.

For this cooperation, Doug himself is supportive.

Blair himself was more supportive.

Compared with Doug, Blair is more aware of the role played by the American newspaper group today.

Although it is still only in the eastern part of the north, a little bit of penetration.

However, for him, this is already something he can't even think of.

He felt that he could dedicate his life to such a cause.

Of course, Doug didn't want him to risk his life.

Because, a person in the position of Blair can do a good job.

The cost of cultivation is really not low.

Everyone has to have something to be worthy, no.

Blair's value is to be alive, and here, to maintain the expansion and operation of the American newspaper group.

And now, the news brought by the American newspaper group is electricity and combustion.