"The north and south of the ancient 'Silk Road' diverged from Loulan.

"When the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ancient kingdom of Loulan, he decided to excavate the ruins.

In March 1901, Sven Hedin began excavations and found a stupa and three halls, as well as a large number of artifacts such as wooden carved building components with Greek art and culture, five baht coins, and a letter written by Lu.

Later, they found a number of beacon towers in the southeast of the ruins, which continued together to an ancient city buried by wind and sand on the west bank of Lop Nur, which was the ancient city of Loulan.

"The plan of the ancient city is nearly square, with a side length of about 330 meters, and almost all of it is buried by quicksand.

"The city wall is rammed with clay and red wicker alternately, there is an ancient canal from northwest to southeast obliquely through the whole city, there is an octagonal dome adobe pagoda in the northeast of the canal, on the earthen platform in the south of the tower, there is a group of tall wooden building remains, there have been unearthed Chinese, Lu script and slips, five baht coins, silk and wool fabrics, living utensils, etc.

"In the middle of the southwest of the canal, there are three large wooden adobe houses, and a large number of Chinese documents, wooden tablets and early Sogdian and Lulu documents have been unearthed in and near the houses, which are estimated to be the remains of the government office.

A group of courtyards to the west of it may be the residence of the eunuchs, and there are small dwellings in the south, and various documents and slips unearthed in the city are called Lop Nur documents.

"At that time, there were many people who believed in Buddhism in the Western Regions, and very early introduced the heavenly stone (dzi) from ancient India as an offering to the Buddha.

It can be seen that this place should have been introduced earlier than Tibet and other regions. ”

He Gang talked as he walked, as if he had seen the dzi with his own eyes.

He Gang was very cautious when he went to Loulan Guguo this time, he found a professional guide, rented an off-road vehicle, and brought the required equipment and items: tents, sleeping bags, moisture-proof mats, hiking shoes, pants, jackets, lighters, medicines (allergies, bruises, colds, anti-inflammatory, high reactions), cups, a change of clothes, toiletries, personal identity documents, sun hats, sunglasses, headlamps, multi-functional scarves, mobile phones, etc.

Buggies traveled through undulating sand dunes and finally found the remnants of stupas and houses in the desert.

The stupa's houses, walls, and daily utensils, which have been eroded by the wind and sand, show the appearance of the past under the starry sky.

Kowloon and the two of them focused on stopping in front of the pagoda house, these monuments have long been discovered, and there are traces of excavation, but Kowloon is not pessimistic, he thinks that there will always be something that will slip through the net, even if there are no ancient relics, it is not bad to pick up meteorites.

He Gang and Jiulong had different ideas, he came with an adventurous mood, so before coming to Xinjiang, he already knew about the causes and consequences of the ancient kingdom of Loulan.

According to his speculation, there are a total of 12 villages in Guloulan, with about tens of thousands of people, and under the leadership of the tribal leader, they live peacefully and happily.

However, a sudden outbreak of the plague cost many of the Loulan people's lives, and some of those who were spared migrated to the south to Chaconley, and finally to Milan.

The people of Loulan, who live near Lop Nur, are constantly changing their places of residence in search of water.

But later, as the weather warmed, the desert storms increased, and the lakes dried up, the Loulan people also arrived in Milan.

Since then, the ancient kingdom of Loulan has disappeared.

What forces prompted the decline of Loulan? The loss of internal forces or the invasion of irresistible external forces? Where did the people of Loulan go? There are also different views on the disappearance of Loulan City. , the most popular theory is caused by the vicissitudes of the Silk Road.

After the two Jin Dynasty, the Silk Road was changed to the north, and the garrison of the Central Plains in Loulan and the Tuntian cause also moved northward, so in this case, the ancient city of Loulan was slowly abandoned and eventually disappeared.

It is also believed that the war destroyed the city of Loulan. As an important place, the Xiongnu, Tubo, Yueshi and other countries ruled Loulan in history.

In the many cemeteries around Loulan City, it can be seen that different races were buried in the cemeteries of the same period in the same area.

It is possible that after Loulan was occupied, the occupiers carried out a massacre of the city and then evacuated, so Loulan was slowly annihilated by the wind and sand.

In addition to this, there are also those who believe that climate change is responsible for the tragedy.

There are two kinds of-for-tat speculation, one is that Loulan was destroyed by drought, and the other is that Loulan was destroyed by floods.

Those who hold the former view believe that Loulan was a necessary place on the Silk Road, and that the Han, Xiongnu and other nomadic states often provoked wars on the territory of Loulan, causing serious damage to water conservancy facilities and vegetation, and after the 3rd century AD, the riverbed of the lower reaches of the Tarim River, which flows into Lop Nur, was silted up by wind and sand.

According to the "Notes on the Book of Water", after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Loulan was seriously short of water.

Soler of Dunhuang led 1,000 soldiers to Loulan, and summoned 3,000 soldiers from Shanshan, Yanqi and Qiuci to divert water into Loulan day and night, alleviating the dilemma of water shortage in Loulan.

But after that, despite the best efforts and attempts made by the people of Loulan to dredge the river, the ancient city of Loulan eventually broke off from water. The lack of water resources worsened people's health and weakened their resistance, so the plague broke out, and the residents of the ancient city of Loulan had to abandon the city in order to survive, leaving behind a dead city.

In the raging desert storm, Loulan was finally annihilated by the sand dunes.

The basis for this statement is that domestic and foreign explorers found not only a large number of precious documents but also various belongings in the ruins of the ancient city of Loulan, and it seems that the ancient city of Loulan was suddenly abandoned, but there is no trace of war here.

Perhaps, only the plague can cause a scene of ten rooms and nine emptiness, and can make people desperate to escape.

The opposite speculation is the mystery of the ancient kingdom of Loulan.

Some people believe that 1600 years ago, there was a large area of forest in the Lop Nur depression and its surroundings, a wide variety of vegetation, birds and beasts infested here, and the ecological environment was very different from now.

During this period, the Tarim River, the Peacock River and other rivers have sufficient water sources, the Peacock River is parallel to the ancient city of Loulan and only about 22 kilometers, if the city of Loulan is short of water, it is completely possible to lead the water of the Peacock River into the city.

The real reason for the mystery of the disappeared ancient kingdom of Loulan is that Loulan is at the key point of the Silk Road and is a place for soldiers to fight.

The war led to the felling of a large area of forests, and at the same time, due to the geographical location, the increase in population made it necessary to burn a large amount of land for the reclamation of tuntian, and a large number of trees were cut down for handicraft workshops and civilian cooking fires.

Excessive logging has caused serious damage to the natural environment, resulting in soil erosion and silting up rivers and lakes, raising river beds and silting up deep lakes.

The ancient city of Loulan was built on the upper part of the highland platform, and the outside of the city was surrounded by water.

The destruction of Loulan City may have been the rise of the lake in Lop Nur during a certain period of time, causing the water level to rise and spreading to the west of Loulan City, while the crust of Loulan City and its surroundings sank, and the downstream of rivers such as the Peacock River and the Tarim River were injected into Loulan City, resulting in the destruction of the ancient city of Loulan.