Chapter 2 Preparation of vaccines
Vaccine is an autoimmune preparation that will reduce the virulence of pathogenic microorganisms through artificial means, or even tend to be none, but retain its own characteristics of activating the immune system of biological organisms.
The first vaccine in history was given to children in 1796 by Edward Chenner, an English country doctor, who immunized children with cowpox pulp.
It has undergone three transformations.
The first change was the French scientist Pasteur, the "father of vaccines", who used experiments to reduce the virulence of pathogenic microorganisms, developed cholera-based bacillus vaccines, as well as anthrax vaccines and rabies virus vaccines and other attenuated vaccines.
The second revolution is the stage of genetically engineered vaccines.
The third revolution is the modern nucleic acid vaccine.
(The specific meaning and operation will not be expanded, so as not to be said to make up the number of words.) )
Influenza virus, he can manipulate genes to reduce the virulence of the virus strain or the damage to organisms to an acceptable level.
It's completely achievable.
Xu Wu's eyes looked at the dense red dots on the map, and he stretched out his hand to click on a jerboa on the very edge of the grassland, the rounded body of the jerboa gradually approached, and the slender segmented tail disappeared into the picture, passing through the yellow and white hair, over the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, and the muscles and bones inside could be vaguely distinguished, as well as some nerve structures that flashed by chance.
The picture moves and zooms in with Xu Wu's movements, and when it reaches the ribs, further fine-tuning begins, fixing the perspective on the lung tissue.
The jerboa didn't seem to have been infected for a long time, and the lung lesions were not serious, so Xu Wu searched for a long time before he found a small piece of diseased tissue.
The alveoli are amplified to find a cell that has just ruptured, and a virus that has just burst out is locked onto the adjustment.
"Genetically modified, targeting influenza A virus. ”
Xu Wu took a deep breath to empty his brain, and then said, "Enter the sequence of the influenza A virus into the gene pool." ”
The almighty island included all the information about the virus in it as Xu Wu thought.
Xu Wu naturally read the newly entered information prompt first.
The gene pool of the virus is independent, not large, but very conspicuous. Different from the real scale, in order to facilitate the user's observation and use, the size of the 3D model of the virus is about the same size as the red-crowned crane model next to it.
The gene pool of influenza A virus is just a single-strand model of RNA wrapped in a fictitious shell, and the single-strands in it are not too regular, and some of them are stacked together.
However, after Xu Wu clicked on it, he found that the arrangement of the gene pool was still very simple and clear.
For example, the gene controls the composition of the protein coat, the protein α in which the gene expresses reverse transcriptase, and the number of viral replications that the gene controls......
Seeing this simple and clear explanation, Xu Wu breathed a sigh of relief.
Fortunately, the gene pool is still as powerful as ever, even if the gene sequence function that has not been studied by human beings has a clear description.
After Xu Wu finished understanding, he transformed the virus.
The first is to increase the frequency of replication of the virus, and increasing the replication frequency can make the modified virus quickly popular.
The second is to reduce its toxicity by removing most of all the chemical components in its genetic sequence that would cause a strong adverse reaction to the host, leaving only a few genes that are used to enter and exit the cell.
Synthetic genes that retain the entire protein coat retain the ability to stimulate the host's immune response.
Xu Wu didn't make any more adjustments, or rather, there were already a lot of adjustments. He didn't even know if the virus would still be able to express properly after so many sequences had been removed.
"Yes, all the viruses on this jerboa are adjusted in the same way. ”
After copying and pasting, Xu Wu watched the behavior of the jerboa.
The treated jerboa did not show much abnormality and was still looking for food on the grass. With both hands, he picked up a ripe grass seed that had fallen to the ground, and was just about to bite it open.
Suddenly, the grass cracked directly, and a slender wild cat pounced towards the jerboa with its teeth and claws, making Xu Wu's heart tug at once.
I prayed in my heart: "Don't die, I'll have to debug another one if you die." ”
As if hearing the voice of Xu Wu in the distance, the jerboa jumped smartly and dodged the feral cat's attack sideways.
Then his legs were like clockwork, and he kept beating vigorously, stepping on the fragments of grass on the ground.
The yellow-green blades of grass were gently pressed down, and when the jerboa's big feet left, it raised its head again.
Jerboa gives full play to its agility and dodges each attack, quickly disappearing from the wildcat's field of vision.
In the rat hole, the jerboa plucked the grass seed in his hand, took two bites, and put the hard-won food into his stomach.
Then he bounced back home.
This jerboa has 4 cute babies in the family, which is considered to be the offspring of the nearby jerboa family.
Xu Wu paid attention to the situation of the little jerboa and his family, and at the same time, asked Phantom Moon to mark the direction of the virus in the little jerboa.
Time passed little by little, and the sun gradually set into the ocean, and Xu Wu didn't pay much attention to it, just continued to watch the changes in the virus in the modified jerboa.
After most of the day, the number of viruses in the jerboa continued to increase, and what reassured Xu Wu was that the jerboa did not have other serious symptoms except for the rise in body temperature.
The attenuation transformation is clearly very successful.
It's just that Xu Wu found another problem, that is, no matter how the jerboa gets along with his family, the little jerboa has no signs of infection.
The attenuated virus seems to have lost its ability to be infectious, and it has not been able to reach the level of widespread use at all.
What causes it?
"Phantom Moon, do you know what caused this?" asked Xu Wu towards Phantom Moon.
Phantom Moon walked out, stretched out her finger and pointed at the jerboa on the map, enlarged the image, and said, "Island Master, take a closer look at the traces of these viruses. Did you find anything?"
Xu Wu followed Phantom Yue's fingers and looked at the traces of the virus in the jerboa's body, and suddenly found that the virus was indeed replicating and proliferating, but it was immediately captured by the surrounding antibodies to capture all the progeny, and then gathered and precipitated, and then was engulfed by macrophages.
There is no way to get out of the jerboa's body.
He suddenly realized: "There are no other adverse reactions, and the immune response in the jerboa is so fast that it is difficult for the virus to escape from the jerboa." ”
He let the virus put down all his weapons and armor, but asked the other party to rely on crowd tactics to escape from the round-up of antibodies, after all, it is still a little difficult to be poisonous.
"Okay, let's do it again, this time let's keep some of the ingredients secreted by the virus, so that the vaccine can spread. And you have to think about the treatment plan quickly, Phantom Moon ......"
Before he finished speaking, Xu Wu's eyes lit up, and he found that he had actually changed places and returned to his room. The strong light shining in from the window made Xu Wu only feel that his eyes were all white, and it was not easy to get used to it.
"What's wrong, how did you teleport back?" Xu Wu was a little strange, but he didn't blame Phantom Yue, he knew that he was probably in danger.
Phantom Moon said angrily: "You stupid island owner, you didn't even notice when you were close to someone, and you almost became the first island owner to be killed by island creatures." Wouldn't you be happy to be close to making history? ”
As he spoke, Phantom Moon played back the picture behind Xu Wu just now.
I saw a tiger half the height of Xu Wu appear behind Xu Wu, and the tiger approached little by little, constantly shortening the distance between it and the prey.
When Xu Wu entered the tiger's attack range, the tiger exerted his legs and pounced towards Xu Wu. The grass and trees around him shook as if they were in a strong wind.
At that time, he was still rubbing in the air, probably in the eyes of the tiger, it was already a piece of fat to his mouth.
The tiger's mouth opened angrily, and the distance between it and Xu Wu became closer and closer. Xu Wu could even smell the smell in the tiger's mouth, which was a little stinky, probably because he couldn't brush his teeth.
Subconsciously taking two steps back, Xu Wu looked at the flying figure of the tiger parked in the air, and said to Phantom Moon: "Thank you, Phantom Moon, you saved me again." Alas, I wouldn't have been able to play the game without you. ”
"No, it's good for you to have a longer memory!" said Phantom Yue, turning her face away, not letting Xu Wu see her face. Turning to the situation on the map, he said, "You'd better hurry up and deal with this adventure." Otherwise, sooner or later, your island will fall under this virus. ”
Xu Wu nodded and replied, "Well, I remembered, I will be distracted on the island in the future." Teleport again. Don't let it take too long. ”
With the wave of the phantom moon, the blue light enveloped Xu Wu again, and Xu Wu descended on his island again.
It was already dark, but thankfully, the moon was fine tonight, illuminating the ground through the treetops.
The place where Xu Wu landed this time was very good, not in the icy mountains, not in the dangerous swamps, and not in the forests with the richest species.
Instead, it descended in a field of flowers.
Xu Wu looked at this grassland that had bloomed for many years, and inexplicably remembered a poem about the flowers under the moon soothing the condensation [Huo 1].
Although he doesn't remember the rest of the poem, such a poem really looks like the scenery he sees now.
It's a pity that these literary and poetic feelings probably have nothing to do with him, a science otaku.
Xu Wu resolutely climbed to the tree and found a stable position to fix himself. Although he didn't have the impression that he put any dangerous animals on this grassland, he was careful to make the 10,000-year-old ship. It's only three things, and I can't trouble Phantom Moon to save it for a third time.
He quickly opened the epidemic map, found the outermost infected organisms on the grassland, and began a new round of virus transformation.
This time, he appropriately retained some of the genes for self-protection of the virus, so as not to have another situation where the vaccine was quickly eliminated.
Throughout the night, he kept trying to modify the virus, constantly adding and subtracting, and at the same time observing the virus mutation and biological immunity in the hardest-hit areas.
Very tired, even with the help of Phantom Moon, even if the operation of the gene bank is simple, he is still a little tired. The back-to-back failures are devastating. I also have to endure the pressure of virus infection constantly.
Every minute he delayed, a different creature was sick, and it was the mammals in the ecosystem that were infected.
It is not that mammals are superior or precious to other organisms, but for Xu Wu, the reproduction rate of mammals is generally slower than that of other organisms, and the weight is higher than that of other species of organisms.
However, the balance that has been accumulated with great difficulty will plummet the number of organisms in the upper middle and upper layers of the food chain with this sudden epidemic, so that the number of various insects, birds, and plants will rise out of control, and at that time, there may be other problems.
In order to prevent this from happening, it is inevitable that he will have to invest some new mammals to maintain the stability of the corresponding biological chain.
After all, the ecosystem is too fragile, if there are more species and more species, how can he be so tired.
"Ha!" Xu Wu yawned loudly, slapped his face with both hands, and continued to adjust the genes of the virus.
Suddenly, Phantom Moon spoke: "Island Master, your vaccine seems to have spread!"
Phantom Moon poked a red dot on the map, motioning for Xu Wu to zoom in and take a look.
As if a dose of adrenaline, Xu Wu excitedly zoomed in on the map and looked at the creature indicated by the phantom moon.
It was two hares walking in the grass, one of whom pricked up his ears from time to time, listening to his surroundings, and seemed very vigilant. The other, smaller one, is constantly digging in the ground, and its target should be a potato in the ground.
Xu Wu looked at the changes in the virus in the two rabbits and found that the virus concentration in the smaller rabbits was obviously much lower than that in the larger rabbits. It should have just been infected.
And looking at the genetic sequence, it is obviously a virus vaccine that he modified.
"Well, the contagiousness of the vaccine is solved. So now let's test the efficacy of the vaccine! Phantom Moon, put the influenza A virus in the larger rabbits. Xu Wu rubbed his somewhat cold hands, looked at the rabbit in front of him intently and said.
"Yes, Lord. ”