The Yuan fleet was delayed due to supply and personnel problems, and the Goryeo army set off first, returning after a crushing defeat on Tsushima. In the summer of the same year, the Yuan army, together with the Korean army, seized Iki Island, marched towards Kyushu Island, and landed at various locations.

After a few separate battles, the Yuan army was driven back to the ship, at which point a typhoon that lasted for two days hit the Yuan fleet and destroyed most of the ships.

On 1 August, the Yuan army was hit again by a typhoon, which lasted for four days, and most of the warships sank. There were still more than 4,000 rescued soldiers on Hirado Island who had no boat to ride, so Zhang Xi abandoned the 75 horses on the boat and carried 4,000 soldiers back to China.

The Japanese launched a counteroffensive to drive the remnants of the Yuan army to a narrow area called Octagonal Island, where most of them were killed and tens of thousands of others were captured.

In total, less than one-tenth of the troops of the Yuan Dynasty who attacked Japan for the second time survived. Three soldiers cobbled together a boat back to China, and through these three soldiers, Kublai Khan became furious when he learned the truth and dismissed Pham Van Hu.

It is generally believed that the typhoon was the biggest cause of the defeat of the Yuan army, and the reason why the Yuan fleet was destroyed by the typhoon was because of the use of the wrong ship type. The Yuan fleet used flat-bottomed boats that sailed on the canals, using the watertight compartment setup that was more popular at the time, rather than the sea-going ships that sailed on the oceans.

The Mongols believed that Japan was full of gold and delicacies, which aroused Kublai Khan's greed. The defeat of the two expeditions did not make Kublai Khan give up his plan to conquer Japan, and Kublai Khan ordered to rebuild the army attacking Japan, build ships, collect grain and grass, and prepare for the third expedition to Japan.

This provoked a strong revolt from the people of Jiangnan and forced the shipbuilding to be suspended, while the Yuan Empire's attack on the Tran dynasty in Vietnam in the south was frustrated, resulting in a lack of national strength, and the proposal to attack Japan three times was abandoned. Until the death of Kublai Khan, he was unable to attack Japan again.

In the thirteenth century, the Mongols swept the whole world, destroying the Jin, Western Xia, Song Dynasty, Korea, Dali and other countries in East Asia, in Central Asia, the Mongols destroyed Khwarazm and Western Liao, and in West Asia, the Mongols destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate. In Eastern Europe, the Mongols defeated Russia and the Principality of Kiev, and in Central Europe, the Mongols defeated the Teutonic Knights, Poland, and the Kingdom of Hungary.

Mongolia was invincible and invincible, leaving only France, England, the Pope and other countries trembling, but there was only one country, and Mongolia just didn't break it, so what was the problem? That country was Japan.

Kublai Khan had just annexed China and established hegemony in East Asia, and Mongolia would not take it seriously in the face of Japan, which was small in both population and land area. However, since Japan was an island nation, the Mongols had to cross the sea by boat if they wanted to defeat it. The problem is that because Mongolia is not close to the sea, it has never taken a ship, and therefore it cannot build a ship.

Mongolia does not know how to build ships, who built them? It was done by the conquered and enslaved Chinese. Because of the technological progress of the Song Dynasty at that time, coupled with the need for developed commercial practices, the technological progress of shipbuilding. Through the hands of the Chinese, Mongolia built the largest naval fleet in history, with 140,000 soldiers and 4,400 ships.

The Mongol land war relied on the Mongol cavalry to sweep through the enemy, and the extremely large Mongol army boarded ships from the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula and set off for Japan. After landing on Ikishima Island in the northern part of the Japanese island of Kyushu, the Mongols used trebuchets to fire a large number of iron cannons containing explosives and a large number of bows and arrows.

Japan is famous for its powerful samurai, Japanese samurai adhere to the spirit of bushido for life, and take this as a criterion for practice, Japanese samurai are good at using katana, swinging the sword fast, fierce, accurate, so hand-to-hand combat has an advantage, but in the face of the power of the Mongolian military weapons, it is difficult to parry for a while.

However, when the Mongols came across the sea, they had to establish a beachhead on land along the coast of Japan, so that they could continue to operate. The Mongols and the Japanese won each other in the ensuing battle, but for the Mongol expeditionary force that came from afar, time was not favorable to continue, so the Mongols decided to retreat. Where to retreat? Of course, there were only ships, because no part of Japanese territory had been occupied, so there was no way to establish a land base.

In land warfare, the retreat of the Mongolian army almost had a strategic and strategic significance, that is, to retreat as an advance, to feign retreat to attract the enemy's attack, so that the enemy army fell into the trap set by the Mongolian army. However, the retreat of the Mongol army this time was of a forced nature, and the Mongol army was not familiar with naval warfare, so the Mongol army retreating to the ship must have been very uneasy at this time. But what Mongolia never expected was that it was not the Japanese army that greeted the Mongolian army next, but the most terrible storm in the western Pacific.

That's right, it's a typhoon. Summer and autumn, from July to October, are the time when typhoons in the Pacific Ocean are in full swing. Japan, like Taiwan and the Philippines, is often hit by typhoons, and the waves caused by typhoons can often reach more than 20 meters high.

Japan must have seen typhoons of all sizes since ancient times, and even without the help of modern meteorological technology at that time, it is not clear about the direction and strength of typhoons, but through the written and written records and transmissions, we must have some understanding of typhoons. However, the Mongolians in the inland Mongolian Plateau have never seen a typhoon since they were born.

It was the worst shipwreck in history, and the unfortunate 70,000 Mongol troops were buried at the bottom of the sea along with 4,400 ships on the night of a stormy typhoon. Almost all, but the leading general of the Mongol army, Xindu, was able to flee back to Mongolia.

This means that the commander-in-chief's ship did not sink, so he was able to flee back to Mongolia and tell Kublai Khan the sad news. The Commander's ship must have been built to be sturdy to keep him safe, so his life could be saved even in the face of strong winds and waves.

However, the other ships sank, but the Xindu ship did not, which means that although the power of the typhoon is amazing enough, the factors that caused almost all the ships to sink must have human factors in addition to natural factors. Otherwise, why was Duxindu's ship able to withstand the typhoon, but none of the other more than 4,000 ships survived?

Conspiracy? Yes, who built the ship? When the Mongols conquered China, the literati Wen Tianxiang could not finish singing the righteous songs, but what about the ordinary people?

The Mongols were originally nomadic, and they valued livestock more than fields. They probably regard the common people who farm as an obstacle to animal husbandry, so the subjugated common people will not end very well, and it will be a dead end.

Shouldn't the common people who built ships take the opportunity of building ships to do something on the ship under construction because they are unwilling and resentful? They found that many of the mast bases of the ships showed signs of loosening, which caused the two sides of the ships to be difficult to balance, and the wind and waves were easy to roll over.

The sunken ship turned out to be a riverboat, which is suitable for sailing in calm waters, because the riverboat does not have the keel of a sea boat, and it is easy to capsize when it encounters strong winds and waves. It is very likely that the Chinese who know how to ship provide river boats to the Mongols who have no knowledge of maritime affairs to avenge the loss of their country.

Why did Kublai Khan rush to attack Japan? As the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, Kublai Khan could not have been unaware of the fact that although his Mongol army was good at land warfare, it was not accustomed to naval warfare. Curiously, Kublai Khan ordered Chinese shipbuilders to build 4,400 ships within one year for the Mongol army to land in Japan.

This rush not only violated the Mongol army's style of planning aggression in detail before each expedition, but was also a far cry from the cautious and even somewhat conservative attitude of Kublai Khan when he conquered the Southern Song Dynasty in China. Then, under the urgent needs of Kublai Khan, the workers desperately rushed to work, resulting in the poor quality of the ships, so they could not resist the typhoon, resulting in the tragedy of the destruction of the fleet.

When Kublai Khan learned of the crushing defeat of the Mongol army, what was his attitude? Why did he not severely punish the defeated generals? What was the purpose of Kublai Khan's invasion of Japan?

It is likely that Kublai Khan knew in advance that the Mongol army would be defeated miserably if they boarded such a shoddy ship. It is more likely that Kublai Khan's purpose in launching the military campaign against Japan was to take the opportunity to eliminate these expeditionary forces sent by him. It's terrible, why did Kublai Khan do this, why did he brutally exterminate his own army?

The Mongol Empire has not had a formal succession system since Genghis Khan, so every time the Great Khan dies, it is the beginning of a power struggle. The secret battle between the brothers turned into an open dispute, and the bloody storm was inevitably staged once.

When Kublai Khan ascended the throne, his power base was not yet solid, and in fact Kublai Khan's self-proclaimed position as the Great Khan of the Mongols was not universally recognized. Therefore, in order to stabilize his position and firmly control the power, Kublai Khan must have exhausted all strategies.

When he took over the army of his predecessor, he was bound to wonder in advance how loyal that army would be. It is hard to guarantee that Kublai Khan will not have the idea of pushing this army, which he did not trust very much, into the sea.

In addition, Kublai Khan was extremely Han in his heart, that is, he admired Han culture very much. From the fact that he did not live in a yurt and chose to move the capital to Dadu, and set the country name as Dayuan, we can get a glimpse of it. Therefore, the dispute between Kublai Khan and his brothers over whether the Mongol Empire should maintain its traditions or attract Han culture can be said to be mutually relevant.

Kublai Khan, who advocated the absorption of Han culture and was known among Genghis Khan's grandchildren for his intriguing and calculating work, in order to seize power, of course he did not miss a great opportunity to eradicate dissidents in the name of expeditions. In short, regardless of whether Kublai Khan had planned to bury this huge Mongolian army, at least Kublai Khan should know very well what the final fate and fate of this expeditionary force was?

Perhaps Kublai Khan thought that the most efficient way to kill people was to carry a large number of Mongol troops by ship to the enemy's coastal waters and then sink them directly to the bottom of the sea. Because the result was either death at the hands of enemy warriors or death at the bottom of the sea, which was unthinkable for the Mongol Khan, who had a quick and efficient killing experience.

Whatever the truth, the Mongol army was ultimately defeated. If the Japanese archipelago were to be occupied by the victorious Mongol army, I believe that history would be rewritten. The fact that the overwhelming strength of the Mongol army was destroyed overnight, and that the typhoon, which had been regarded as a terrible calamity, had become the savior of Japan, was so incredible that the Japanese regarded it as a miracle.

Therefore, the Japanese constructed a set of myths in an imaginary way, calling this typhoon a kamikaze, which means that this typhoon was performed by Emperor Jimmu to protect Japan from the invasion of the Mongol army, and the kamikaze has since become the indomitable spirit of Japan. The Japanese believed that whenever they faced the most powerful enemy, the kamikaze would blow again, drive away the enemy, and defend Japan.

The sinking of more than 4,400 Mongol warships symbolized the final fate of the Mongol Empire. Soon after Kublai Khan's death, the Mongol Empire rapidly weakened, and the empire ended up like the 4,400 transport ships that sank to the bottom of the sea quickly, disappearing from the stage of history.

After the destruction of the Song Dynasty, Kublai Khan launched a series of wars of aggression against neighboring countries, such as Annam, Champang, Java, and Japan. The first invasion of Japan was met with a typhoon and was unsuccessful. The second time was divided into two ways to attack Japan, with Xin Du leading the Mongol, Han and Goryeo armies to cross the Tsushima Strait from Goryeo, and Fan Wenhu leading the new annexed army to march north from Qingyuan Fuhai. The Yuan army encountered a typhoon on Eagle Island in Japan, destroying many warships and drowning many generals, and was covered up and killed by the Japanese army, almost all of which were wiped out.

Kublai Khan sent Xindu to cross the sea from Guangzhou to capture the city, and after more than a year, the king of Zhennan, Tuhuan, sent troops to invade Annam, and ordered Xindu to go north from Zhancheng to help the war, and attack from the north and south. The king of Annam withdrew from the capital, and his main force hid in the mountains and forests to avoid a decisive battle with the Yuan army.

In May, due to the summer rain and the plague epidemic, Tuhuan was forced to withdraw from the division, and Xin Du died in battle. The Yuan soldiers invaded Burma twice from Yunnan, entered Bagan, and forced Burma to pay tribute and retreat. In the same year, he invaded Annam again, and the following year, he returned to the north with all the food.

Shi Bi, Yihei lost and was happy to set sail from Quanzhou to invade Java, the Javanese ruler descended to the Yuan, and asked the Yuan army to help crusade against the enemy country Gelang, after defeating the king of Gelang, raised troops to reject the Yuan, and the Yuan army retreated from exhaustion.