Qianlong, who had sat on the emperor's throne for sixty years, gave up the imperial throne to his fifteenth son, Jiaqing. He became the only emperor of the Qing Dynasty to be succeeded by Chan Rang. Although the eighty-four-year-old Qianlong became the emperor, he still continued to hold great power and control the government in the name of discipline and government.

Emperor Qianlong died of illness, and the Qing Dynasty at this time was already facing a serious crisis of rule, the people's livelihood was in difficulty, and the class contradictions were becoming more and more acute. What Qianlong left to Jiaqing is no longer a prosperous era, but a decaying world full of contradictions and problems that is rapidly declining.

These problems undoubtedly put Jiaqing to a severe test. And Jiaqing thus became an emperor who played a turning role in the history of the Qing Dynasty. If Jiaqing can solve the crisis, then the Qing Dynasty will continue to prosper in the prosperous era of Kang Yonggan, and if he is unable to solve these social crises, then the Qing Dynasty will begin to decline from him. At this time, the Jiaqing Emperor became a crucial emperor in the development of the Qing Dynasty.

What kind of character did the mediocre Emperor Jiaqing have? Why did the corrupt official He Shen win Qianlong's favor? Why did Emperor Jiaqing overthrow this important minister of the imperial court who was favored by his late father? How did he decisively and quickly kill He Shen? What kind of delicate relationship did Qianlong Jiaqing and Shen have?

When Jiaqing was the prince, he already saw the problem of Heshen in his eyes and hated it, but there was no way, although Qianlong abdicated, he was still too emperor. The Koreans recorded that when Qianlong received the courtiers, Jiaqing sat next to him, and Qianlong smiled, whether it was true or false, he also laughed. As soon as Qianlong was happy, he was also happy.

At this time, He Shen was still favored by Qianlong, if he moved He Shen, it was called a rat trap. At this time, someone told Jiaqing that He Shen should be punished for flying and domineering, what did Jiaqing say? This is called wanting to capture the old man, and he said: "You don't understand, He Shen is the favorite of the emperor, and I am about to reuse him." "And let the wind out, to paralyze Heshen and stabilize Heshen.

Qianlong died of illness on the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing, and died in the palace Yangxin Palace. Qianlong died, Da Nei wanted to do a funeral, the same day to put Qianlong small burial, and then in the Ganqing Palace on the Zi Palace, that is, the coffin, began to mourn, set up a funeral committee, and Shen He is a scholar, even in the funeral committee, Jiaqing said: "You are the important minister of the Emperor Taishang of Daxing, you should be very sad in your heart, you are here to keep the spirit, 24 hours can not leave." ”

This is equivalent to putting He Shen under house arrest on Qianlong's mourning hall, and using an invisible rope to tie He Shen to Qianlong's Zi Palace, that is, on the coffin, this trick is very powerful, Jiaqing used an invisible rope to tie the ministers and Shen next to Qianlong's coffin, cutting off all contact between He Shen and the outside, so that He Shen, the minister of military aircraft, could not hold a meeting, and the commander of the infantry army could not transfer troops.

He Shen never thought that before the three hundred and twenty-seventh days, Jiaqing began to deal with He Shen, he thought in his heart that at least after the funeral was completed, Jiaqing would take care of his affairs, and then Jiaqing issued an edict saying: "The Southern White Lotus Sect is not fighting well in this war, the local generals are responsible, and the officials in the court are responsible, and this responsibility is of course He Shen and Fu Chang'an." ”

Then there was a person named Wang Niansun who gave a recital and listed He Shen's crimes. According to the impeachment of the officials, Jiaqing dismissed him from his important posts such as a scholar of Heshen, first put him under house arrest, let the officials discuss it, and went directly to the governor, the governor, and the senior officials of Beijing to discuss the affairs of Heshen. Hu Jitang, the governor of Zhili, first expressed his position, saying that Heshen was a heinous crime and a villain, and should be dealt with.

Raid his house first, and copy Heshen's house. The golden dishes of the feast alone are the tableware of gold, thirty-two seats, four thousand two hundred and eighty-eight pieces. Thirty-two pieces of silver cutlery, four thousand two hundred and eighty-eight pieces. In the wall of Heshen's house, and in the treasurer, 32,000 taels of gold were copied. In the private cellar, in Heshen's cellar, two million taels of silver were copied, his house was raided, and one thousand and one houses were rented, and one of his family members was named Liu Quan, and Liu Quan, who was not impeached, was not impeached, and a servant in the family copied his house and copied out 200,000 taels of silver.

Of course, there are other crimes, and then Jiaqing announced the twentieth major charges of Heshen. What should I do? Many ministers said that they would cut with a thousand knives, and Jiaqing thought that Kangxi did not kill him when he was worshipping Ao. When Yongzheng ruled Nian Qianyao, he let him commit suicide. Although He Shen is a major crime, he is a member of the imperial court, let him commit suicide, and He Shen's comrade, Fu Chang'an is the nephew of Empress Qianlong, Fu Heng's son, let Fu Chang'an kneel in He Shen's prison, watched He Shen commit suicide with his own eyes, did not kill Fu Chang'an, and later imprisoned him.

Some people estimate that there are about 10 million taels of silver, others estimate 20 million taels of silver, and the highest estimate is 20,000,000 taels of silver. Jiaqing's twenty-five years of emperor, the most beautiful thing is to kill He Shen, reasonable, powerful and responsible, after dealing with He Shen, there is no expansion, there is no Zhu Lian, He Shen's younger brother is dead, and Heshen's son because he is a husband, the tenth princess begged and did not kill, and left a little real estate to live, Fu Chang'an is his sworn friend, kneeling to see how He Shen committed suicide.

A teacher in Heshen's family is also his fellow party, just do a punishment, all the officials recommended by Heshen are not killed one by one, in this way, the political situation is stabilized, this is Jiaqing decisively and quickly killed Heshen. Why did Jiaqing have to kill Heshen?

He Shen is rich and rivals the country, killed, there is a sentence that slips away, saying that He Shen fell, and Jiaqing was full. However, the things of the Heshen family are mainly distributed to the ministers concerned. His house, the predecessor of Prince Gong's Mansion, was given to his own brothers. Although He Shen embezzled so much, Jiaqing killed He Shen, and the economy was one reason, but not the main reason.

What is the first reason for Jiaqing's 20 counts of killing He Shen? The first reason is that in the 60th year of Qianlong, Qianlong announced that Jiaqing would be the crown prince, and the day before He Shen handed Jiaqing a wish, and Jiaqing said: "You are currying favor, which means that you have the merit of supporting." ”

During the Jiaqing period, the army was often defeated and retreated, and the leader of the Sichuan sect was caught named Wang Sanhuai, and in Wang Sanhuai's confession, he asked him why he was like this? He said that the officials forced the people to rebel, and Jiaqing said that this official forced the people to rebel, who was this official? It was forced by corrupt officials like He Shen, so they wanted to kill He Shen to show other corrupt officials, and the corrupt officials ended up like this, so as to set an example, and kill chickens to show monkeys.

He Shen's power is too great, and he is called the power of the Great Shock Lord. directly threatens the imperial power, so he wants to kill Heshen, and dismantle the Heshen group and his dead friends. There are many reasons why Jiaqing killed Heshen, there are economic aspects, he is a corrupt official, and there are military aspects, so he wants to boost the morale of the army. There is a political aspect, to maintain the emperor's imperial power, a thousand poles are arbitrary, and the contradiction between military power and relative power may be more important, but there is one article, that is, Jiaqing killed He Shen only to deal with it as a case, and did not deeply investigate the root cause of the phenomenon of He Shen.

Jiaqing killed He Shen and did not solve the phenomenon of He Shen. He Shen can be seen as a person, a big corrupt official, or as a phenomenon, representing a social phenomenon. What is the phenomenon of Heshen? It is a product of the long-term autocracy of the emperor's old age.

The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty killed Li Fuguo, so he used a royal pawn to solve the matter. Li Fuguo is a poor family, his family is a horse breeder, he was castrated when he was a child, and he went to the palace to be a eunuch, he raised horses and raised them relatively fat, so he sent him to the prince's east palace to raise horses. has no culture, just in time for the Anshi Rebellion, he persuaded the prince to succeed to the throne, just when the military and political chaos occurred, Su Zong succeeded to the throne, and Li Fuguo was promoted to the official and became a housekeeper.

Later, this official was gradually promoted, promoted to Zhongshu Ling, promoted to prime minister, a small eunuch and had no culture, and finally the official achieved the unification of the three divisions of Zhongshu Ling, he and He Shen have similarities. After the new emperor Daizong succeeds to the throne, he will kill this Li Fuguo, how to kill it?

He sent a royal guard, and then sent a chivalrous man, and at night he went to Li Fuguo, killed him, and after killing him, cut off his head, and threw it somewhere? Throw it into the pigsty, and some say throw it into the toilet, and this generation of ancestors also kept this matter secret, and sent someone to carve a piece of wood, put it on Li Fuguo, and buried Li Fuguo. The Tang Dynasty Sect killed Li Fuguo with one person.

There are similarities between Jiaqing and Shen, the Tang Dynasty's killing of Li Fuguo was a personal phenomenon, and it was over if he was killed, while Jiaqing Zhu and Shen were a personal phenomenon and a case-by-case treatment, without drawing inferences from one case and not in-depth research and governance of the phenomenon of Heshen.

Jiaqing has his cleverness in the incident of Heshen, that is, he is quick and decisive, killing Heshen, not connecting the nine clans, and not expanding, which is his cleverness. His mistake was to show that Jiaqing was a mediocre emperor who did not carry out relevant reforms on this matter to alleviate the social crisis. Therefore, Jiaqing killed Heshen, and the crisis of the prosperous era since Qianlong did not ease, but intensified.

In addition to the matter of Heshen, the White Lotus Sect in the south, the Tianli Sect in the north, the turmoil in the southeast sea, the livelihood of the Eight Banners, the sealing of mining, the depletion of the treasury, the depletion of finances, the inflow of opium, the problem of Cao Yun, etc., were all dealt with as individual cases, and these social contradictions and social crises were not linked to see what the problem was, how to carry out reforms, and did not deal with and reform from the system, Jiaqing did not have a big picture in his chest, and he did not have a big deal in his palm, he was not an outstanding politician, nor a reformer, but a mediocre emperor。

But as far as Jiaqing is an emperor, he has a benevolent side. There is a Dali temple secretary named Yang Yihui, who was summoned by Jiaqing, and it was very hot in summer, so he picked up the curtain and went in. Take a look when you go in. Emperor Jiaqing is sweating, shaking the fan and sweating, he knelt down first to ask peace, after Jiaqing asked him a lot of questions, the conversation was longer, he saw that Jiaqing was sweating, never waved the fan, never fanned, what does this problem mean, of course, it shows that Jiaqing is the emperor's self-esteem, but also shows that he respects his subordinates, so hot courtiers don't use a fan The emperor doesn't use a fan, so Jiaqing is still okay as a person.

Jiaqing reduced the world's money and grain, there was a governor in Anhui, the governor of Anhui reported 3 million taels of silver, he saw that the silver reported in various places was 3 million taels, he said that the amount was too much, there was water in it, he ordered all prefectures, prefectures and counties, all cut 40 percent, remake the book and report. The following reflects that the time is too urgent, the time is too tight, Jiaqing knows about this matter, and Jiaqing said eight words: "The loss is good, and my wish is also." ”

"My reduction is a little loss at the top, and the people below get some benefits, this is my original intention, my will. The governor called Yao Zutong and quickly reported the three million books, and he was exempted from three million taels of silver.

Jiaqing is the Confucian idea of benevolence as the king, and among the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, there was no faint king, no stubborn king, and no tyrant. But there is a mediocre monarch, and Jiaqing is a mediocre monarch.

The matter of the White Lotus Sect, Jiaqing thought, he wrote a poem, he said this: "The courtiers inside and outside are all in purple robes, who is willing to share the labor with me, the jade cup drinks the blood of thousands of families, the silver candle burns the ointment of the people, when the tears fall in the sky, the tears fall when the sky falls, and the crying is high in the high place of singing. ”

In the middle of these four sentences, the jade cup drank the blood of thousands of families, the officials were rich, and what they drank with the wine cup was not Qiongjiang jade liquid, but the blood of thousands of people.

He also said: "When the tears fall in the sky, people cry, and the cry is high in the high place where the song is high, and you are the official there singing and dancing, singing and singing, and there with the courtesans singing, crying high, and crying high in the high song." ”

Jiaqing still has a little bit of benevolence. His four sentences didn't say: "Usually slow to talk about Jun's grace, it is you who have failed Jun's grace, so the people's lives are not good." ”

Emperor Jiaqing has a kind of benevolent thought, he saw the suffering of the people, saw the corruption of officials, but to be an emperor, this is not enough, seeing is not enough, Jiaqing Guang saw the problem of Heshen, saw the corruption of corrupt officials, and did not think further, these corrupt officials are corrupt, these Heshen phenomena, find the reason from their own emperor, find the reason from the social system, so Jiaqing killed Heshen, and even killed a few corrupt officials and corrupt officials, and did not solve the social crisis of the Qing Dynasty.

Jiaqing dealt with the social crisis one by one, and at the same time sublimated the social crisis one by one, and by the time of his son Daoguang, the social crisis was even more serious, with internal and external difficulties, embattled, and the British cannon opened the door of the Qing Empire.