In the 51st year of Qianlong, Lin Shuangwen erected a banner to resist officials, which was one of the three important popular uprisings in Taiwan's history. In this incident, which is known as the largest anti-official incident in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty, a woman named Jin Niang is particularly eye-catching.

The reason why Jin Niang left her name in this incident is not because she is the wife of so-and-so, but because she herself is the female military teacher that Lin Shuangwen relies on. How could a woman of aboriginal descent command and influence an army of 30,000 people, and what is the story behind her?

Taiwanese society in the Qing Dynasty was a reclaimed society, and public power and the rule of law and order were not yet stable, which led to frequent turmoil and civil uprisings. Among the many civil uprisings, the Zhu Yigui Incident, the Lin Shuangwen Incident and the Dai Chaochun Incident are the most representative because of their large coverage and time-consuming pacification, and are known as the three major civil uprisings in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty.

The Lin Shuangwen incident that occurred in the Qianlong period was the largest civil uprising in the Qing Dynasty, and afterwards the Qianlong Emperor regarded the pacification of Lin Shuangwen incident as one of his ten complete martial arts.

Lin Shuangwen, born in Pinghe County, Zhangzhou Prefecture, followed his father to Taiwan and engaged in land reclamation in Dalishu, Changhua County. After that, Lin Shuangwen joined the Heaven and Earth Society and became the leader. Turmoil in other Tiandihui-related organizations occurred in central Taiwan, and the government actively investigated and prosecuted the party in the territory, and the officials even took this opportunity to extort money from the local government. Therefore, the congregation then supported Lin Shuangwen as the leader to resist the pursuit of the government.

Then Lin Shuangwen erected a flag to resist the officials, claiming that 500,000 congregations responded, captured Changhua, killed Sun Jingsui, the prefect of Taiwan at the time, and stationed in the Changhua County Office, claiming to be the generalissimo of the alliance. Soon after, other responders from the North Road joined in, killed Tamsui Tongzhi at that time, and captured the Bamboo Trench City in Hsinchu to the north.

Lin Shuangwen continued to attack Zhuluo and other places in the south, and Zhuang Datian, the leader of the Fengshan Tiandi Society, also gathered the congregation to raise troops in response, and the rest of Taiwan except for the southern Taiwan Prefecture, Zhuluo County, and Lukang in the central part of Taiwan, the rest of the government fell one after another.

In order to pacify the powerful Lin Shuangwen, the Qing court had to constantly recruit troops from China to Taiwan. In the end, he sent the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, University Shifu Kangan, etc., to lead 8,000 people from the green battalion to take the stage from Lugang, and recruited 6,000 people in Taiwan to train 6,000 people, with a total strength of 14,000 people, against Lin Shuangwen's 30,000 troops, and the two sides fought a decisive battle at Bagua Mountain. Fukangan successively recovered Changhua and Zhuluo, and finally captured Lin Shuangwen alive, and later he was sent to Beijing, where Ling Chi died.

This incident, the Qing court sent 40,000 troops, and it took a year and four months to put it down, which was the largest civil uprising in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty. During this period, Emperor Qianlong felt that the people of Zhuluo County helped to defend the county, and in order to reward the righteous deeds, he changed the name of Zhuluo to Chiayi.

There were quite a few large-scale civil uprisings like the Lin Shuangwen incident in the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the well-known characters such as Lin Shuangwen and Zhuang Datian, the only female woman among the many men, Jin Niang, is particularly eye-catching, in addition to her ability to cast spells, the sister-brother relationship with her cohabitant Lin Hong, who is 12 years apart, is also impressive.

The main culprits of the Lin Shuangwen incident were sent to Beijing, some of whom died of illness on the way, or were executed for some reason, while others were sent all the way to Beijing and left many confessions. Lin Shuangwen is the protagonist of the incident, and he explained in his confession what kind of circumstances he put up a flag against the Qing Dynasty.

"I was two years old when I was Chinese New Year's Eve, and in the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong, I came to Taiwan with my parents and drove to get by. I often hear that there is a heaven and earth meeting in Zhangzhou and Quan, which invites many people to swear an alliance and save each other in times of trouble. I was like-minded with Lin Pan and others, so in August of the 51st year of Qianlong, I met with the alliance. ”

"Later, in the Douliumen area, there was Brother Yang Guangxun, who was accused of recruiting people into the gang because of the provocation caused by the separation of the family, and implicated us in the defendant. The civil and military officials of Changhua sent people to investigate and deal with them everywhere, and the officials and other officials extorted money from them, whether they were good or bad, they took them indiscriminately, so that all villages were harassed. At that time, the houses of Lin Pan and others had been burned down by the officers and soldiers, and they wanted to recruit the people of Zhuang to resist the officers and soldiers, so they came to invite me. ”

Lin Shuangwen was only 32 years old when he was arrested. From his confession, Lin Shuangwen showed that the reason why he got into trouble was mainly because the officials forced the people to rebel. He and his companion Lin Pan and others, in order to take care of each other on weekdays, followed the example of Zhangquan and the two prefectures to set up the Heaven and Earth Association, and worshiped the alliance. Unexpectedly, he was implicated by the separation of the Yang Guangxun brothers of the Dou Liumen, and was arrested.

The civil and military officials of Changhua County sent people to investigate and deal with the case, and the local officials took the opportunity to extort money from them, and arrested them indiscriminately regardless of whether they were good or bad, causing the villages and streets to be harassed. At that time, Lin Shuangwen's friend Lin Pan, because his house was burned down by the official, summoned the people of all villages to resist the officials, and also invited Lin Shuangwen to join.

"My parents, Lin Huan, Lin Shi, etc., hid me in the mountain and did not allow me to come out. Later, Lin Pan came to persecute again, and had to follow him to Changhua and break through the county seat. And they told me to go and conquer Zhula. At the beginning of the twelfth month, I took with me a great number of people and conquered Zhula. At that time, everyone pushed me to be the eldest brother, and then went to the besieged city. ”

"At that time, Fengshan had been occupied by Zhuang Datian, so I still went back to the north road, and in March I went to Dali and sent people to build Tucheng and set up the Shuai Mansion. The people were a little righteous because of my life, and they wanted me to be the leader of the alliance, but I repeatedly refused, but they refused, so I had to agree. As for Nanlu Zhuang Datian, he was appointed as a marshal, in fact, it was not a joint incident, when he went to attack the city the year before last, he had already gone to Fengshan, I had never seen him, I really don't know the situation of Nanlu, I dare not confess. ”

According to Lin Shuangwen, he did not plan to join the anti-official action at first, and was even hidden by the elders in the family, and then he couldn't withstand Lin Pan's repeated persecution to join, and then successively attacked Changhua and Zhuluo County. And was pushed to be the eldest brother in the case of hospitality, plus he was quite righteous on weekdays, and he was promoted to the leader of the alliance, as if everything was a last resort. As for the situation on the South Road, he pushed it all to Zhuang Datian, saying that the two had never known each other, and he didn't know anything about the details.

In addition to Lin Shuangwen and Zhuang Datian, the two main characters of Jingle Bell, among the twenty-two prisoners who were escorted to Beijing, there was a only female Jin Niang, as an aborigine, how was she involved in the incident?

"The little woman's name is Jin Niang, she is forty years old, and she is from the Tamsui Society in Fengshan County. His parents are deceased, he has no brothers, and he once recruited Hong Biao, a mainlander, as his husband, and died in three years, and he has no children. When the little woman was thirty-two years old, she fell ill and learned to draw talismans from Fannubina to heal heralds, and later drew talismans for others to heal the sick. ”

"These scriptures asking God to heal the sick were written by Lin Qi, a native of Fengshan, and passed on to the little woman, who had been dead for three or four years. This Zhuang Datian calls himself the generalissimo, and he is Lin Shuangwen's gang, with a total of more than 100 flags, and more than 10,000 thieves, including those who are coerced. The little woman has never been acquainted, but in the first month of this year, she asked the little woman to worship the gods in the port of beating dogs, and healed the illness of their accomplices, so she asked the little woman to be a female military teacher. ”

Jin Niang said that she is the Shangdanshui Society of Fengshan County, and the Shangdanshui Society is one of the eight communities of Fengshan of the Xiraya ethnic group in Pingpu, and its distribution location is about the vicinity of Wandan Township and Neipu Township in Pingtung County today. She had recruited Han people as her husband, but had passed away three years ago, and because of her illness, she learned the kung fu of drawing talismans from another aboriginal woman, Binna, and received several scriptures from Lin Qi, a native of Fengshan, asking God to heal the sick. One day, Jin Niang was worshipping the gods in Dog Harbor and happened to cure the illness of Zhuang Datian's accomplices. After seeing Jin Niang's special abilities, Zhuang Datian asked her to join the camp as a female military division. So what role did Jin Niang play in this civil uprising?

"The hypothesis will ask God to bless the people from guns. At the beginning of March, Zhuang Datian's son Zhuang Tianwei was going to attack Fengshan, and the little woman hypothesized that King Zheng was Zheng Chenggong's god to help the war. On the eighth day of the first month of March, Fengshan was breached, and the little woman went to recite a spell together, and everyone really believed that there was a spell. Every time Zhuang Datian came to attack the city, the little woman brought a sword and chanted a spell and beat the drum on the mountain, assuming that the gods would protect him from guns. In fact, many people were killed by guns, and the little woman only said that he deserved to die, and everyone did not doubt it. Zhuang Datian handed over Lin Shuangwen's edict to the little woman and made her a lady. ”

Zhuang Datian asked Jin Niang to pretend that he could ask the gods to bless everyone from invulnerability. When Zhuang Datian attacked Fengshan, he asked Jin Niang to tell the congregation that Zheng Chenggong would appear to help in the war, and asked Jin Niang to draw talismans to coax everyone. Because when the Zhuang army broke through Fengshan City, Jin Niang was also on the scene to help chant the spell, and people believed Jin Niang's spell. Then, whenever Zhuang Datian wanted to attack the city, he would ask Jin Niang to bring a sword and chant mantras and beat drums on the mountain, so that the congregation would think that with the blessing of God, they would be able to survive unharmed.

But is Jin Niang's spell really that powerful? In fact, there are many people who have been killed by guns, but Jin Niang only needs to say to the others: "No way, he should be like this." And the people were convinced. Because the existence of Jin Niang gave the congregation great spiritual support and helped the war on the South Road, Lin Shuangwen passed on the edict to Jin Niang through Zhuang Datian and named him a lady of Yipin.

In addition to Jin Niang's high mana, her sisterly relationship with Lin Hong also unexpectedly became a topic.

"This Lin Hong was in Fengshan five or six years ago, the little woman regarded her as a brother, learned to cure the disease, and only committed adultery with the little woman last year, and every time there was a war, he also helped to play the drums. Zhuang Datian also invited a woman, named Wangzi, who was in the Tamsui Society, and would also chant mantras to invite God, and everyone called him a fairy mother, and now he went to Tamsui. ”

In her early years, Jin Niang recruited Han Chinese from the mainland as husbands, but had died three years before her arrest. Jin Niang and Lin Hong had become godsisters five or six years ago, and taught him the kung fu of drawing talismans to cure diseases, and the two only fell in love a year ago. When fighting, Lin Hong will also play drums on the side to help. In Jin Niang's confession, it was also mentioned that in addition to her, Zhuang Datian also had another Pingpu fairy mother who was also from Shangtamsui and would also chant mantras to ask God.

In the 51st year of Qianlong, the Lin Shuangwen Incident broke out in Taiwan, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty took advantage of the ethnic antagonism between Taiwanese Fujian and Hakka to successfully suppress the rebellion four months later. Shuang Wen Lingchi was beheaded, the female dependents were sent to the frontier as slaves, and the boys under the age of 15 were escorted to Beijing for castration.