During the Qing Dynasty, Mongolia was divided into three parts: Moxi, Monan, and Mobei. Dzungar is a branch of Moxi Mongolia, since Galdan ruled the Dzungar tribe, because he wanted to establish a unified Mongolian state, so he successively annexed Moxi and Mobei. Hundreds of thousands of people fled to Monan to seek protection from the Qing government. Kangxi sent envoys to negotiate with Galdan, but Kaldan not only did not retreat, but attacked Monan on a large scale.

Galdan was the seventh son of Batur Huntaiji, a leader of the Mongolian Dzungar tribe. Galdan was sent to learn to be a lama from an early age, but he liked to dance with guns and sticks, but he did not like to chant sutras. When he grew up, with the support of the Dalai Lama, he returned to the Dzungar tribe, eliminated his political enemies, and since then Galdan has returned to the world and become the leader of the Dzungar tribe.

After he came to power, he waged many wars in the surrounding areas, especially against the Khalkha Mongols in the east and Xinjiang in the west, and repeatedly plundered their inhabitants and livestock, and encroached on their pasturelands. Therefore, the Khalkha Mongols repeatedly asked the Qing Dynasty for help, and Kangxi sent ministers to negotiate with Galdan, but Kaldan ignored them.

The Qing Dynasty was unable to send troops at this time, because there were successive rebellions of the three feudatories in the country and disputes among the Chahar tribes in southern Mongolia, so it had to adopt a policy of tolerance for the Northwest Galdan. Seeing that the Qing Dynasty was so weak, Galdan became even more arrogant. He not only killed Ma Di and others, the envoys sent by Kangxi, but also demanded that Kangxi marry his daughter to him, and even proposed the idea of establishing a Mongol Khanate in the south and he in the north.

Kangxi's forbearance style finally changed when Galdan committed Khalkha again. Khalkha asked the Qing Dynasty for help because of the Galdan invasion, at this time the Qing Dynasty's domestic political situation had been stabilized, and the rebellions in various places had been quelled.

In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, Kangxi issued an edict to recruit himself. His troops were divided into two routes, the left road out of Gubeikou, led by Fuyuan's general Fuquan, and the right road out of Xifengkou, led by Anbei general Chang Ning, and Kangxi personally led his troops to supervise the army behind. It didn't go very well at first. The Galdan garrison was in the middle of the trees, blocked by a river in front and sheltered by a forest behind. Galdan set up a camel city, tied tens of thousands of camels, tied the camel's feet and lay on the ground, and added boxes on the camel's back to form a long camel city.

The Galdan army fired spears and arrows in that box to stop the Qing army's attack. In this situation, there was a camel city in front and an ambush in the rear, when Tong Guogang, the commander of the Qing capital, led his troops forward, he was killed by a shotgun. Later, the Qing army changed its strategy and attacked one section of the camel city with artillery and muskets, and the camel city was finally opened. The Qing infantry and cavalry rushed to kill the past, and Fuquan ordered the soldiers to go around the back of the mountain and flank the enemy, who was beaten to the ground and fled in disarray.

The Qing army fought again with Galdan, and the Qing army used powerful artillery, and many people of the Galdan tribe were infected with smallpox, resulting in many casualties. In order to flee for his life, Galdan immediately sent the Dalai Lama's envoy Jilong to beg for surrender. Jilong traveled back and forth between Galdan and the Qing army, and in the name of negotiation, he delayed the army, so that Galdan had time to escape. Kangxi knew his trick, so he ordered: "Hurry up and pursue! Don't fall for the thieves' tricks!" Sure enough, without waiting for a reply, Galdan had already fled north overnight.

The Qing army could have taken advantage of the victory to pursue the enemy, but in order to make Kangxi see the letter and stop the pursuit, the cunning Galdan pretended to kneel in front of the Welling Buddha and swore: "I will never offend the Khalkha, the people and the Buddha under the Chinese Emperor, do I dare to disobey here? The Holy One is the Buddha, begging to spare my life!"

Kangxi knew that Galdan had sworn a heavy oath, so he temporarily stopped the pursuit and gave him a chance to mend his ways, and he wrote an edict of pardon to Galdan. Despite this, Kangxi was still very clear about Galdan's ambitions, and Kaldan's rebellion was his nature and would not change.

Sure enough, Galdan returned to Mobei, ostensibly expressing his submission to the Qing Dynasty, but in fact he was secretly recruiting troops. In the thirty-third year of Kangxi, Kangxi made an appointment to meet Galdan and planned to make an alliance, but Galdan refused. Not only did Galdan not come, but even the envoys who had been sent were killed. At the same time, Galdan also sent people to Monan to spread rumors and incite rebellion. Emperor Kangxi knew that Galdan had no intention of repenting, so he made a plan and secretly ordered Prince Korqin Tushetu and others to pretend to surrender to Galdan, promising to be an internal response when attacking the Qing army, so as to induce Galdan to send troops. In the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi, Galdan really led 30,000 cavalry to the battle, but was annihilated by the Qing army in one fell swoop.

In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi once again commanded the Eight Banners to go on the expedition. The army was divided into three routes, Emperor Kangxi led the middle route army to the north of Hanhai, and the three route armies made an appointment to attack. On the way, there were rumors that Tsarist Russia wanted to help Galdan send troops, and many ministers panicked and suggested that Kangxi stop the march, and the university scholar Isan A and others advocated returning to the division. Only the Fuyuan general Feiyangu was the main enemy to defend against the enemy.

Kangxi decided to go it alone and insisted on attacking Galdan, and warned his ministers: "I will kill anyone who refuses to go and retreat without permission." ”

He also said: "I told the Heaven and Earth Sect Temple to go on an expedition, but I didn't see the thief army returning, how could I face the world? And if the army retreats, the thief army will attack the west road with all its might, and the west route army will not perish?"

On the one hand, Kangxi hand-painted the formation map and instructed the strategy, and on the other hand, he sent a messenger to tell Galdan that Emperor Kangxi had taken the news of the expedition in person. Galdan couldn't believe it when he heard the news, climbed the mountain and looked at it from afar, and sure enough, there was a royal camp Huang Hu Longxu, knowing that it was indeed Kangxi's personal expedition, and the army was neat and vast, so he was immediately frightened, and immediately pulled out the camp and fled.

The next day, when the Qing army arrived at the Krulun River, there was no trace of Galdan on the other side. Kangxi personally led the army to chase for three days, but he did not catch up, so he had to inform Feiyangu, the general of the Western Route Army, and asked them to intercept Galdan on the way. Galdan led his troops to flee for five days and five nights, and when he arrived at Zhaomodo, he met Feiyangu, the army of the Qing West Road, and was ambushed and defeated. In the first battle of Zhaomodo, Galdan was almost completely annihilated, and more than 10,000 people were annihilated.

Because of Galdan's cruelty and warlikeness, many of his tribes betrayed him. So that he wandered about and had no place to live. In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi, Kangxi decided to go on a personal expedition for the third time and completely end the remaining Galdan forces. As soon as the remnants of Galdan heard that Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty had personally conquered again, they voluntarily went to surrender, and even led the way to hunt down Galdan. In the case of rebellion and separation, Galdan had no choice but to commit suicide by taking poison to end his life of fighting and fighting. The war between the Qing Dynasty and Galdan, which lasted for eight years, finally came to an end.

In the three personal expeditions, Kangxi did not care about the dignity of ten thousand times, and the spirit of sharing weal and woe with the soldiers, only ate one meal a day, drank turbid water, and suffered hardships with the soldiers, which made the Qing soldiers very moved, which is also one of the reasons why the Qing army can win the three conquests.

Kangxi's wise decision, coupled with his bravery and courage, led the army out of the fortress three times, eliminated the border intrusion, and laid a good foundation for the consolidation of the Qing Dynasty's territory. Kangxi not only has courage, foresight, and courage, no one can surpass him, and even after pacifying Galdan, he still adopts a lenient and benevolent policy towards the Dzungar tribe, and among the emperors of the past dynasties, his mind is unmatched. At the same time, due to Kangxi's various benevolent measures towards the Dzungar tribes, the Dzungar tribes maintained close and stable relations with the Qing Dynasty.

In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, Yinren was deposed as the crown prince for the first time, causing all the elder brothers to covet the position of the prince. At that time, there were twelve adult elder brothers, and the only ones who really wanted to compete for the throne were the eldest Yinzhen, the second Yinren, the third Yinzhi, the fourth Yinzhen-Yongzheng Emperor, the eighth Yinci and the fourteenth Yinzhen, the ninth and tenth helped the eighth to compete for the throne, and they were the same party as the eight, and they had no ambition themselves; the thirteenth helped the fourth, and he himself had no intention of competing for the throne; and the fifth brother Yinqi, the seventh brother Yinyou, and the twelfth brother Yinyou knew that the throne could not be their turn, and they had no such luxury, so they were in front of the prince peacefully.

Later, the eldest was imprisoned for life by Emperor Kangxi because his ambition was too exposed; the second eldest prince was deposed twice by Emperor Kangxi, and after the second dethronement, he was imprisoned for life and announced to the world, saying that he would no longer be established, and no one was allowed to recommend him as the crown prince again; the third child saw the experience of the eldest and second child, and did not dare to stir up this troubled water again, and took the initiative to withdraw. The actual contenders are only the fourth, eighth and fourteenth. In the end, the fourth child won, that is, Emperor Yongzheng.

The eldest brother Yinzhen, the second elder brother Yinren, the third elder brother Yinzhi, the fourth elder brother Yinzhen, the eighth elder brother Yinzhen, the ninth elder brother Yinyu, the tenth elder brother Yinyu, the thirteenth elder brother Yinxiang, and the fourteenth elder brother Yinyu gave nine elder brothers, forming five major friends, and they launched a struggle for succession.

The Big Brother Party is headed by Big Brother Yinyu, his maternal uncle Mingzhu, a scholar, and other party members such as Yu Guozhu, a scholar, and Fulun, a scholar of the household department.

The princelings were headed by the crown prince Yinren, and the head of the princelings was Suo Etu. Yinren was born in the thirteenth year of Kangxi, his biological mother was Kangxi's wife Hesheri, and the queen died because of childbirth, Emperor Kangxi loved the queen very much, and the following year the one-year-old Yinren was established as the prince, and carefully cultivated.

Yinren is a very capable prince, he is gifted and intelligent, raised by the Kangxi Emperor and raised as the heir, once the pride of the imperial father, and is also the perfect student praised by the masters. He became a master at the age of six, and went out of the cabinet to study at the age of thirteen, and since then he has often explained Confucian classics in front of civil and military officials, and he is skilled in riding and archery, which can be said to be both civil and military.

In order to cultivate the crown prince, Kangxi established the authority of the crown prince exceptionally, and let him make friends with famous Han scholars and foreign missionaries.

When he was a teenager, Yinren was humble and courteous, virtuous, and had a high talent for governing the country, during the period of listening to the government on behalf of his father, he showed extraordinary ability, and the court called the crown prince good, Kangxi himself said: "The prince is very careful and detailed, and everything wants to know the meaning, which is the same as my heart, and I am overjoyed." Moreover, he lives in Beijing and handles government affairs, such as the stability of Mount Tai, so I am outside the border, my mind is comfortable, there is no trouble, and I feel leisurely for many days. ”

Kangxi established the crown prince early, and let him take power and lead the troops, which made the prince gather a group of flattering people around him, forming a party for personal gain; and Kangxi's special care for the prince was more than that of the princes, and it was self-defeating to give the princes military and political power, which led to many contradictions between the princes and the crown princes, and Yinren only had a good relationship with the third son Yinzhi among the brothers.

Emperor Kangxi was a little arrogant and doting on Yinren, acquiesced in the crown prince's honor guard and crown dress of almost the same specifications as the emperor set by Suo Etu, and specially arranged for the prince's milk prince Ling Pu to be the minister in charge of the internal affairs department;

The expenses in the East Palace are also higher than the emperor, the prince is short-tempered, whipping the kings and ministers at will, but Kangxi protects them, and even disposes of those who disobey the prince;

The long-term appeasement and nurturing of adultery has made the high-ranking Yinren develop an invincible, arrogant and rude character, become obedient and irritable, and make countless enemies. Later, Emperor Kangxi reprimanded him for his illegal ancestors and disobedience to my precepts.