Shang Ying carried out the most successful reform movement of the Warring States Period, but he ended up in a tragic car crash. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

This is of course very unfortunate for Shang Ying personally, but for the development of the Qin State, Shang Ying's painstaking management of the results of the law can not be erased, although his body is dead, but his law is not defeated, and even "Qin women and babies are all talking about the law of Shang Jun".

The reform presided over by Shang Ying is the most comprehensive, the most systematic, and the most thorough among all countries, and the army of Qin has become more and more courageous since the Shang Dynasty reform implemented the policy of rewarding military merits, and the weapons and equipment have been continuously improved, and the arms have been divided into infantry, chariots, and cavalry. When the number of troops reached "one million men with armor", and later there were famous military strategists and generals such as Wei Yuzi, Bai Qi, and Wang Qian, which made the Qin State quickly become the first power of the Warring States, took an important step in the rise of the Qin Dynasty, and gradually made the Qin State the central force to realize the unification of China.

In the seventeenth year of the reign of King Qin, the Korean general Nei Shiteng led the Qin army to destroy Korea and captured Han Wang'an, so Korea perished, and the obtained Han land was set as Yingchuan County.

In the nineteenth year of the reign of King Qin, the general of Qin Wang Jian invaded Handan, the capital of Zhao State, Zhao Wangqian was forced to surrender to Qin, Zhao State was broken, and Handan County, Julu County, and Taiyuan County were set up, and Zhao Gongzijia led hundreds of people from the clan to flee to Daicheng.

In the twentieth year of the reign of King Qin, Dan, the prince of Yan State, sent Jing Ke and Qin Wuyang to assassinate King Qin in an unsuccessful attempt, and King Qin immediately sent Wang Jian to lead troops to attack Yan State. In the twenty-first year of the reign of King Qin, Wang Jian broke through Yandu Ji, and Yan Wangxi retreated to Liaodong, killed the prince Dan and sued for peace with Qin.

In the twenty-second year of the reign of King Qin, Wang Ben, the son of Wang Jian of the Qin army, led an army of 100,000 to attack Wei and besiege the Wei capital Daliang, Wang Ben led the Yellow River chasm to irrigate Daliang, and three months later, Daliang City was broken, the King of Wei faked surrender, and Wei perished.

In the same year, Wang Jian led an army of 600,000 to attack the state of Chu, stationed troops to train martial arts, and did not fight on the wall. In the twenty-third year of the reign of King Qin, Wang Jian led an army of 600,000 to cross the Huaishui and besiege Shouchun, the capital of Chu.

In the twenty-fourth year of the reign of King Qin, the Chu army was demoralized and lacked food and grass, so it withdrew from the front line. Wang Jian took the opportunity to pursue, eliminated the main force of the Chu army, occupied the Chu capital Shouchun, and captured the king of Chu. The Chu people set up Changping Jun as the king, and Wang Jian led the army to cross the Yangtze River, pacified the south of the Yangtze River, set up Huiji County, and the Chu State perished.

In the twenty-fifth year of the reign of King Qin, Wang Ben conquered Liaodong and captured Yan Wangxi, and then conquered Daicheng and captured Wang Jia of Zhao. The Yan State and the Zhao State were completely destroyed, and Qin Shi Huang set up Yanmen County in the Daidi.

In the twenty-sixth year of the reign of King Qin, Wang Ben led his army south to attack the Qi State, and the King of Qi surrendered without a fight, and the Qi State perished. At this point, Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms and unified the world, and there was still Wei Guo as a vassal at that time, and it was abolished in the first year of Qin II.

The Xiongnu conquered the north and the Xiongnu were distributed on the Mongolian plateau, and since the end of the Warring States period, they often invaded the south. After the unification of the whole country, Qin Shi Huang sent Meng Tian to lead an army of 300,000 to fight against the Xiongnu.

In the 32nd year of the reign of King Qin, Meng Tian recovered the land south of the Hetao, which was then called Henan, and further expelled the Xiongnu in the following year. From Yuzhong to the north, Qin set up 34 counties in the area east of the Yellow River and south of Yinshan, and built a section of the Yellow River because of the river.

Qin also repaired and connected the Great Wall of Yan, Zhao and Qin during the Warring States Period, and built the Great Wall, one of the great projects in the ancient world, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, to protect the northern agricultural area. Later, Qin migrated tens of thousands of people to the Hetao, which played a positive role in the reclamation of border areas and the strengthening of border defense.

Subduing Baiyue, the Yue people are distributed in East China and South China, and are divided into Minyue, Nanyue, Xiou and other parts. Minyue was in present-day Zhejiang and Fujian, Nanyue was in present-day Guangdong and eastern Guangxi, and Xiou was in present-day southeastern Guangxi, southern Guangxi and even southeastern Yunnan. The Yue people are "broken hair and tattoos, wrong arms and left arms", close to the mountains and seas, engaged in fishing, hunting and agriculture, and the Xiou people are mainly engaged in agricultural production.

In the twenty-fourth year of the reign of King Qin, Wang Jian led the Qin army to annihilate the Chu State, continued to march south, seized part of the land of the Yue people, and set up Huiji County.

In the twenty-sixth year of Qin Shi Huang, Qin Shi Huang sent Tu Sui to send 500,000 troops, divided into five armies, to attack Rongcheng, Jiuzhi, Panyu, Nanye, and Yugan, and carried out an arduous battle without disarming and slackening crossbows for three years. The Qin army defeated the resistance of Minyue and set up Minzhong County in its territory. The Qin army, which attacked South Vietnam, also occupied Panyu, and only the Qin army on the western front encountered stubborn resistance from the Xiou people.

In order to solve the difficulties of the Qin army in transporting grain and wages, Jian Lu led his troops to dig a spiritual canal between Xiangshui and Lishui to communicate the traffic of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River water system. In the battle between the Qin army and the Xi'ou people, the Xi'ou Jun Yihu Song and the Qin army's commander Tu Sui were killed one after another. In the 33rd year of Qin Shi Huang, Qin Shi Huang sent reinforcements from the people who had fled from Nei County, his son-in-law, and merchants, conquered Xi'ou, and established Nanhai County, Xiang County and Guilin County in Nanyue, Xi'ou's hometown and its adjacent areas, and continued to levy people to defend it. In this way, hundreds of thousands of northern peasants stayed there to live with the Yue people and jointly developed the Pearl River Valley.

In the twenty-sixth year of Qin Shi Huang, the feudal state in which the princes divided the dominant state ended, and the absolutist centralized Han unified state began, which was a special great event in ancient history. As a great unified dynasty, it created a highly centralized political system in a vast ruling area, "with the same amount of equipment and the same writing." ”

The impact of strict punishment and long-term division made Qin Shi Huang very concerned about the movements of the old lands of the Six Kingdoms and worried that the old nobles of the Six Kingdoms would plot to restore. In order to prevent the recurrence of the separation, Qin Shi Huang moved 120,000 households of the wealthy and powerful emperors of the Six Kingdoms to Xianyang, and the other part to Bashu, Nanyang, Sanchuan and Zhaodi, so that they could be separated from the countryside for surveillance. He destroyed the seized and confiscated weapons and cast twelve bronze figures weighing thousands of stones in Xianyang.

He also ordered to "degrade the city, break through the Sichuan defense, and raze the dangers", and eliminate as much as possible the means used by the feudal aristocracy to divide the territory. In order to control the vast territory, especially the old territory of the Six Kingdoms, Qin Shi Huang also built a Chi Road from the capital Xianyang to all parts of the country, the east poor Yanqi, the South Pole Wu Chu. He himself traveled along the gallop road many times in the counties and counties, and carved stones in many places to commemorate his merits to demonstrate his strength.

In order to strengthen the defense of the north, in the 35th year of Qin Shi Huang, he built a straight road from Xianyang through Yunyang to Jiuyuan, and the mountain and valley were 1,800 miles. In the southwest region, the five-foot road from the south of Yibin, Sichuan Province to Zhaotong, Yunnan Province was also built, and officials were set up nearby to rule.

In the more than ten years after the unification of Qin, Qin Shi Huang maintained a large army, established a huge bureaucracy, fought many large-scale wars, and completed huge national defense construction and civil construction.

It is estimated that the population of the country at that time was about 10 million, and more than 2 million people served in the army, accounting for more than one-third of the men in their prime. Qin Shi Huang adopted the advice of Zhao Tuo and others to relocate 500,000 Qin people from Guanzhong to Lingnan to integrate with the local people, but this led to the emptiness of Guanzhong and greatly shook the foundation of Qin's rule.

During the reign of Qin II, the peasants lived a miserable life, wearing the clothes of cattle and horses, eating the food of dogs, and often fled to the mountains and forests under the torture of the mobsters, and staged riots. All these situations illustrate that the tyranny of the government intensified the contradictions in society, and while Qin Shi Huang completed the cause of unification, it also created the conditions for the overthrow of the Qin Dynasty.

Therefore, Jia Shan in the Western Han Dynasty said about the situation of the Qin Dynasty full of thieves: "When Qin Shi Huang was alive, his rule was already collapsing, but because the emperor and the founding ministers were suppressing, no one dared to confront the government. ”