The Northern Dynasty was a northern dynasty that coexisted with the Southern Dynasty in Chinese history, including several dynasties such as the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou. The pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou were all established by the Xianbei people, and the Northern Qi was built by the Xianbei Han people.

The Northern Wei Dynasty was built by Tuoba Xianbei during the Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms period, and its predecessor was the Dai Kingdom. After the collapse of the former Qin in the Battle of Weishui, the grandson of the acting king Tuoba Shiyiqian, Tuoba Jue, raised troops to restore the country, all Shengle, the country name Wei, known as the Northern Wei Dynasty in history.

Five years before the fall of the Dai Kingdom, Shi Yiqian's minister, Sun Jin, rebelled, and once during a court meeting, he drew his sword and went straight to the throne to assassinate Shi Yiqian. At that time, Tuoba Wei, who was the son-in-law, fought with his bare hands, protecting his father with his body, but was stabbed in the ribs by the eldest grandson and died of serious injuries.

At the time of the fall of the Dai Kingdom, Tuoba's son Tuoba Jue was still young, and was taken away by his biological mother Helan and returned to Liu Kuren. Later, Fu Jian's army was defeated in the water, and the tribes of North China took advantage of the chaos, Liu Kuren's son Liu Xian wanted to kill Tuoba Jue, thanks to Helan Clan's resourcefulness, he fled back to his mother's Helan Department with his son, and attached himself to Tuoba Jue's uncle Helan Ne. Soon, Helan Rangan, Helanne's younger brother, saw that his nephew was getting more and more popular, and tried every means to kill Tuoba, but he didn't succeed.

This Tuoba was a strange boy, born a big fat child, twice as heavy as an ordinary baby, and could speak at a very young age. When his grandfather Shi Yiqian died, Tuoba Jue was only six years old, escaped several disasters, and did not die, plus he was the eldest grandson of Shi Yiqian, at the age of seventeen, Tuoba Jue was on the throne in Niuchuan.

At that time, the Han people Cui Xuanbo, Deng Yuan, Wang De and others helped the Wei State formulate the national system and astronomical calendar, so the establishment of the Wei Dynasty had a distinct Chinese color. In the same year, Tuoba Jue was renamed King of Wei, and since then, Tuoba Jue has been conquering for many years, successively defeating Liu Xian, Kumo, and Gaoche, and holding a grudge against the former enemy, and crusading against his uncle's Helan Department.

Liu Weichen, who has always had a feud with Daiguo, also sent his son Zhili to attack Helan at this time, Helan Ne begged to surrender to Tuoba Jue, after all, they are blood relatives connected by flesh and blood, Tuoba Jue led the troops to counterattack Zhili Ba's army. Then he led the army to conquer the Dethroned Fu Division, and then ventured on the Gobi, chasing for three days, breaking through Rouran in Nanbed Mountain, and killing him incomprehensibly. Rouran is a descendant of Donghu Miao, the original surname is Yu Jiulu, the ancestor Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao hated Rouran several times to invade and rebel, thinking that they were simple-minded and like worms, so they changed their name to worms.

However, Liu Weichen and his son were looking for death by themselves, and in the face of such a heroic lord as Tuoba, not only did not avoid his edge, but repeatedly invaded, and took advantage of Tuoba Jue's attack to send troops to attack the southern part of Wei. Tuoba Jue defeated Zhili in Tieqi Mountain, obtained more than 200,000 cattle and sheep, and captured Zhili Bao. Liu Weichen couldn't even take care of the old nest Yuebai City, ran away, was killed by his subordinates on the way, and sent his head to Wei.

Tuoba Jue remembered the old and new hatreds, and killed the more than 5,000 people of the captured Weichen family, young and old, and threw them into the Yellow River, and the river turned red for a while. Liu Weichen's entire clan was wiped out, and only Liu Weichen's third son, Bo Bo, escaped, that is, Helian Bobo, who later established the Great Xia Kingdom and accumulated corpses into Jingguan.

In the war to destroy Liu Weichen's troops, Tuoba Jue obtained more than 300,000 good horses, more than 4 million cattle and sheep, laying the material foundation for the prosperity of the country, and the surrounding tribes surrendered one after another.

On the Qin side, the biggest rival in the north, Qianyan, was eliminated, Fu Jian attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty again, and the water was defeated, and the wolf smoke of northern China was everywhere, and the former tribes swarmed and rebelled, and everyone was very happy. Murong Chui took advantage of Fu Jian's defeat to recover the lost territory of Qianyan, proclaimed himself emperor, and restored the Yan Dynasty.

After Murong Chui established the country, he first used his relatives to kill Xiyan, who was also Murong Clan. When the capital was besieged, Murong Yong, the lord of Western Yan, begged for help from the Jin Dynasty on the one hand, and the Northern Wei Dynasty, which was still a vassal state of Later Yan at the time, begged for help on the other. Tuoba Jue knew the truth of the cold lips and teeth, and still sent troops to rescue Xiyan after hesitation, the Northern Wei army went to Xiurong, and Murong Yong's Xiyan had perished.

Earlier, in order to curry favor with Murong Chui, Tuoba Yao had sent his younger brother Tuoba Yao to pay tribute to Hou Yan, and the young descendants of the Murong clan knew that there were many good horses in the Northern Wei Dynasty, so they took Tuoba Yao as a hostage. Tuoba Jue was also very ruthless in his work, and resolutely did not sacrifice horses to Yan State, and the relationship between the two countries fell into a state of severance.

Since he tore his face and didn't stop doing anything, Tuoba Jue sent troops from time to time to attack and harass the border of Yan and invade the tribes that surrendered to Hou Yan. These things were gathered in one place, and the old hero Murong Chui was so angry that he sent the crown prince Murong Bao, the king of Liaoxi Murong Nong, and the king of Zhao Murong Lin to lead 80,000 elite soldiers from Wuyuan to attack Wei. At this time, Hou Yan won consecutive battles, and his spirit was incomparable, and he was strong and strong, with strong armor and sharp spears.

Fortunately, the commander of the Yan army, the crown prince Murong Bao, was a completely embroidered pillow. His stepmother Duan once said to Murong Chui: "Although Murong Bao's qualifications are graceful and luxurious, he is soft and uninterrupted, and he can be the lord of benevolence and wisdom in peaceful times, and he is not a hero who saves the country in troubled times and wars." If he wants to entrust him with the great cause of the country, he may not be able to afford it. Moreover, Murong Lin, the king of Zhao, is treacherous and willful, and always has the intention of looking down on the prince, I am afraid that there will be trouble in the future. ”

Pity the advice of the faction of Queen Duan, and immediately after Murong Bao ascended the throne, he sent Murong Lin to force the queen mother to commit suicide. Duan scolded angrily when he died: "Your brothers are even forced to die by the queen mother, how can you defend the country." I'm not sorry to die, I just think that our Yan Kingdom will not be long before it perishes. ”

Maybe Murong became mediocre when he was old, and he couldn't listen to the words of the virtuous queen and the minister, so he still sent Murong Bao to lead the army to destroy Wei, wanting to make this prince soldier victorious and powerful, so that he could inherit the throne logically in the future.

Gao Hu, the minister of Yan State, advised: "Wei State and Yan State are married, in order to ask for horses, we will not let Tuoba Jue's younger brother return to China, which is due to us." In addition, Tuoba Jue is brave and resourceful, has experienced hardships since he was a child, and his ambition is strong, and now he is a strong soldier and is not an easy opponent to defeat. Our crown prince is too young, and if he is now made commander-in-chief, he will definitely despise the Wei army, and if he does not win, it may seriously damage the prestige of the crown prince. ”

When Zhang Yan, a general of the Northern Wei Dynasty, heard that the Yan army was coming, he said to the Wei king Tuoba Jue: "The Yan army recently broke through Zhai Zhao Yu Huatai and destroyed Murong Yong. We should pretend to be afraid, retreat and avoid the enemy, so that the other party will have the pride and contempt of the enemy, so that we can have a chance to defeat the Yan Kingdom. ”

According to the plan, Tuoba Jue moved all the tribal people west to cross the Yellow River for more than 1,000 miles to avoid the Yan army's troops. The Yan army won all the way, collected more than 30,000 people from other parts of the Wei State in Wuyuan, stopped to build ships, and prepared to cross the river to attack the Wei State in one fell swoop.

Tuoba Jue's army was on the south bank of the Yellow River, marching on the bank, and Murong Bao's whole army was preparing to cross the river for a decisive battle, when suddenly a storm arose, and dozens of military ships drifted to the south bank. Wei captured more than 300 Yan soldiers, but released all of them and let them return to the Yan army's stronghold.

When Murong Bao set off, Murong Chui was already seriously ill. After arriving in Wuyuan, Tuoba Jue sent people to intercept him on the road, arrested all the envoys of Yan Kingdom, and took these people across the river and shouted to Murong Bao: "Your father is dead, don't go back to fight for the throne early." Murong Bao and the others were very worried, and the soldiers were also shocked.

The Wei and Yan armies held each other for dozens of days, and Murong Song, the general under Murong Lin, the king of Zhao, believed that the old emperor was dead, and secretly made trouble, wanting to kill Murong Bao and Dai Murong Lin as the emperor, and rob himself of the new emperor's hero. The matter was revealed, Murong Song and others were killed, Murong Bao and Murong Lin brothers were also secretly suspicious of each other, and the Yan army burned the boat and fled at night.

At that time, the Yellow River had not yet frozen, and Murong Bao thought that the Wei army could not pursue without ships, so he did not set up an army to cover the rear and slowly retreated. The cold snap came suddenly, a night of storms, the Yellow River froze, Tuoba Jue personally led troops to cross the river from the ice, without baggage, and selected 20,000 elite soldiers to chase the Yan army.

When the Yan army marched to a place called Shenhepi, it suddenly encountered a strong wind, and the black air was like an embankment, floating above the barracks from back to front. There was a monk named Zhi Tanmeng who accompanied the army and advised Murong Bao: "The wind is violent, maybe the Wei army wants to catch up with our army, and our army should send troops to defend." ”

Murong Bao thought that he was already far away from the Wei army, so Xiaoxiao did not agree, and Zhi Tanmeng insisted on sending troops to defend.

Murong Lin was furious on the side: "With His Royal Highness's courage and strong soldiers, enough to run rampant in the desert, how dare the Wei army pursue us?

The monk was so anxious and angry that he cried so excitedly, and admonished: "Fu Jian was defeated by Huainan with millions of people, not because he underestimated the enemy. ”

Situ Murong De also persuaded Murong Bao to send troops to protect him, and as a last resort, Murong Bao sent 30,000 soldiers to the palace. The patrols sent by the Yan army were also unimpressed, and after riding for more than ten miles, they each jumped off the saddle and lay down on the grass and fell asleep.

The Wei army marched day and night, and four days later, in the middle of the night, reached the west of Shenhepi. At that time, the Yan army camped on the side of the Panyang Mountains and Rivers in the east of Shenhepi, and Tuoba Jue assigned the generals overnight, and the rank of Ma Shukou secretly approached the Yan army.

At sunrise, the Yan army was about to return to the east, and when he looked back, he saw the Wei army standing quietly on the mountain like a ghost, and he was immediately disturbed. The Tuoba soldiers attacked, rushed down the mountain to kill, and the Yan soldiers fled to the water and drowned, and more than 10,000 people were trampled to death by people and horses.

The Northern Wei Dynasty Luoyang Gong Tuoba Zun led the army to block the Yan army that had just swam across the river, and the forty or fifty thousand Yan troops were stunned for a while, and they all put down their weapons and tied their hands to capture, and only a few thousand people scattered and fled. The crown prince Murong Bao, the king of Zhao Murong Lin and others were spared because of the good horses they were riding, and escaped on fast horses, and thousands of generals such as Murong Shao, the king of Chen Liu, of Yan State, were either killed or captured.

After the king of Wei Tuoba selected the talented Yan generals, he wanted to distribute food and clothing to the captured 40,000 or 50,000 Wei troops.

Wang Jian, the lord of the central region, persuaded: "The Yan Kingdom is strong, and now the country is coming to attack us, and we are lucky to win, it is better to bury these people alive, then the Yan Kingdom will be empty and easy to take." ”

When Tuoba Jue heard this, he buried all the nearly 50,000 Yan soldiers alive. This figure is the fourth place in Chinese history to bury the enemy alive, the first is the Qin general Bai Qi Zhao 400,000 in Changpingkeng, the second is the Chu overlord Xiang Yukeng surrendered to the Qin army 200,000, and the third is the Tang Dynasty famous general Xue Rengui buried alive Tiele army 130,000.

The ancients always believed that killing was ominous, Bai Qi was finally forced to kill himself by the King of Qin, Xiang Yu committed suicide under the wall, Daowu Emperor Tuoba Jue was killed by his son, but Xue Rengui died at the age of seventy.