The crown prince Murong Baoshen, who fled back to China, was ashamed of the defeat of the Shenhepi army and persuaded Murong Chui to let him lead the army to attack Wei again. Murong De, www.biquge.info of the pen "Fun" Pavilion, also advised Murong Chui: "Wei defeated the crown prince, Your Majesty should personally take command of Wei to avoid future troubles." Murong Chui then recruited elite soldiers from all over the country and prepared to attack Wei in the coming year.

Murong Chui was in his prime, and the emperor had to personally lead his troops to attack Wei. Jiang is still old and spicy, Murong Chui led the troops densely, crossed the Qingling, passed through the gate of heaven, chiseled the mountain passage, and went straight to the clouds by surprise. The Wei general Tuoba Qian, who was stationed in Longcheng, thought that the Yan army's new defeat was not worth fearing. Unexpectedly, the Yan army, which had never been defeated, fought bravely and rushed to Pingcheng, Tuoba Qian was defeated and died, and all his subordinates surrendered.

At this time, it was the turn of the king of Wei, Tuoba Jue, who was so frightened that he wanted to flee from the capital immediately, but when the subordinate tribes heard the news of Tuoba Qian's defeat and death, they all had two hearts, and Tuoba Jue was anxious and afraid, and he didn't know where to flee.

It is also the day that the sky does not want to die Wei, Yan Jun passed through Shenhepi, saw the bones like a mountain, the corpses were all over the field, and the father and son brothers who were buried alive and killed Yan Jun saw this tragic situation, and cried loudly, and the sound shook the valley. Murong was saddened and vomited blood, and his old illness recurred thirty miles away from Pingcheng.

Ten days later, Murong died in the army, and Tuoba wanted to lead the army to pursue, but he was afraid that Murong would fake his death, and because of the prestige of the old hero, the King of Wei retreated to Yinshan to wait for news. Dead Zhuge can scare away the living Zhongda, and it seems that the old and dead Murong Chui can also scare the young and heroic Tuoba Jue from moving.

When Murong Bao heard that his father had died, he hurriedly withdrew from the army and took the throne in Zhongshan. This straw bag ascended to the throne of the emperor, and the state of Yan was not judged, and in the same year, King Tuoba of Wei was proclaimed emperor.

Tuoba Jue personally led an army of 400,000 to attack Yan, and the Wei army went south out of Mayi, stretching for more than 2,000 miles, beating drums and advancing, and the houses were shattered. Tuoba Jue defeated Murong Feng, the history of Jizhou in Yan State, and attacked Xindu, which frightened Murong Bao to take out all the treasures in his family and recruit soldiers to resist.

Tuoba Jue camped in Julu, and was suddenly attacked by Murong Bao's army at night, and the fire burned down the palace, and the Wei Emperor did not have time to wear clothes and hats, and beat the drum with bare feet to recruit troops. After dawn, the Wei soldiers came back to their senses, lined up in line, and attacked Murong Bao's army with cavalry, the Yan army was defeated, more than 10,000 people were beheaded, and another 1230,000 soldiers fled into the mountains and suddenly encountered strong winds, and died of hunger.

Murong Bao was defeated all the way, and the middle nephews and nephews also attacked and killed each other, the emperor of the Yan Dynasty wandered around, panicking like a lost dog, and he was booby-trapped by his uncle Lan Khan in Longcheng. After that, Yan was no match for the Northern Wei Dynasty in Northern China, and soon it was divided into two small states, Northern Yan in Liaodong and Southern Yan in Shandong, and the Murong clan was in a slump.

The Wei army also broke through more than 30 tribes in Gaocha, captured 70,000 soldiers, and obtained more than 100,000 horses and more than 1.4 million cattle and sheep. The Wei king Tuoba Yitong commanded more than 30,000 horsemen to run rampant in the desert for more than 1,000 miles, and broke the high chariot to escape, capturing more than 20,000 people, more than 50,000 horses, and more than 200,000 cattle and sheep. In the next eight or nine years, the Northern Wei Dynasty raised troops everywhere and conquered endlessly, and had become a powerful country in the north.

The Northern Wei Dynasty gradually grew under the management of Emperor Daowu, Emperor Yuan of the Ming Dynasty and Emperor Taiwu, and Tuoba Jue became hostile to the Later Yan, fought many wars, and defeated the Yan army in the Battle of Shenhepi. Then he led the army to break through the capital of Houyan, moved the capital to Pingcheng, and proclaimed himself emperor in the following year, that is, Emperor Daowu.

Emperor Daowu had a cruel temperament and was later killed by his son Tuoba Shao, who succeeded to the throne in the same year as Emperor Ming Yuan. He captured the Henan region of Liu Song, but died soon after.

In his later years, Tuoba Jue was stubborn, suspicious and suspicious because of the cold and loose food, and he often wanted to kill the minister because he remembered the past and was dissatisfied. Most of the ministers were in fear of getting by, which affected their ability to do things, so that theft and other acts were rampant.

Tuoba Jue successively killed Sikong Yuyue, the northern lord He Digan brothers, and Gaoyi Gong Mo Di's father and son, although Tuoba Yi, who had conspired with Mu Chong to assassinate Tuoba Jue in the past, was not held accountable because Tuoba Jue remembered his exploits, but saw Tuoba Jue kill the minister, so he suspected that he fled, but was still caught by the pursuers and given to die.

Tuoba's second son, Tuobashao's mother, Mrs. He, was negligent, and Tuoba was imprisoned in the palace and prepared to be executed. By dusk, there was still no execution, and Mrs. He secretly asked Tuoba Shao for help, and Tuoba Shao colluded with the palace guards and eunuchs, and led people to climb over the wall into the palace that night and assassinate Tuoba Shao. Tuoba Shao woke up when Tuoba Shao arrived, tried to find a weapon to fight back but could not resist, and was finally killed by Tuoba Shao at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve.

His son Tuoba Tao succeeded to the throne, that is, Emperor Taiwu, who worked hard to govern the country, and repeatedly attacked Liu Song. After removing the threat of Rouran in the north, the war to unify the north was launched, and the Northern Liang was defeated, so that the north ended the situation of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, and confronted the Southern Song Dynasty, and the north and the south officially entered the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Although the Northern Wei Dynasty was at its peak, it had a strong enemy in the north, so it could not go all out to conquer the south.

Emperor Taiwu was brutally punished in the later period, and was finally killed by the eunuch Zong Ai, and the rebellion of the clan was not pacified until the time of Emperor Wencheng.

When Emperor Xianwen was in power, he was poisoned by his mother, Empress Dowager Feng, and Empress Dowager Feng re-established Emperor Xianwen's son Tuoba Hong, that is, Emperor Xiaowen, and controlled the government. Empress Dowager Feng was suspicious of wisdom and punished indiscriminately, but kept the state stable.

Emperor Xiaowen admired Han culture because of the relationship between Empress Dowager Feng and believed that the Xianbei people should be deeply sinicized. He is wise and studious, after the pro-government expansion of the capital Pingcheng for Seoul, based on Luoyang is more prosperous than Pingcheng, the geographical location controls the country, easy to send troops in the south of the Yangtze River, can get rid of the conservative forces, under the pretense of the southern expedition to the south of the Qi as the name, led the people to move south to Luoyang.

Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty Yuan Hong, whose surname is Tuoba, is the eldest son of Emperor Tuoba Hong of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and later changed his surname to Yuan, reigned for 29 years, and was Chinese New Year's Eve three years old.

Yuan Hong was only five years old when he ascended the throne and was ruled by his grandmother, Empress Dowager Feng, a Han Chinese who carried out a series of feudal reforms against the Northern Wei Dynasty founded by the Xianbei people, and Emperor Xiaowen was influenced by this. After the pro-government, he adhered to the policy of the Empress Dowager Feng, continued to carry out reforms, and did more drastic than the Empress Dowager Feng.

He first rectified the rule of officials, implemented the Juntian system, he first moved the capital to Luoyang in the name of the Southern Expedition, comprehensively reformed the old customs of Xianbei, stipulated that Hanfu was used instead of Xianbei clothing, and Xianbei language was replaced by Chinese, and the Xianbei people of Luoyang were taken as their hometown, and the Xianbei surname was changed to the Han surname, and he also changed his surname to Yuan, and encouraged the Xianbei nobles to marry with the Han clan, and severely suppressed the old nobles who opposed the reform, and executed the prince.

However, the result of Emperor Xiaowen's reform was to restore the corrupt Jin Dynasty gate valve system, so after Emperor Xiaowen, the Northern Wei Dynasty became increasingly corrupt, and in just forty years, the Northern Wei Dynasty perished.

The predecessor of the Northern Wei Dynasty was the Xianbei tribe, a small number of nomadic people in the north, the Xianbei people since the Eastern Han Dynasty, often in contact with the Han people, not only occupied the homeland of the Xiongnu, but also possessed the land from Liaodong in the east to Longxi in the west, due to the excavation of the Tuoba clan, unified the north, and established the Northern Wei regime dominated by the ethnic minorities.

The main advocate of the Sinicization movement of the Northern Wei Dynasty is Emperor Xiaowen,After he ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern the country,In the unified north, the bold implementation of the Sinicization movement,The main content is to move the capital、Reform the official system、Prohibition of Hu language、Hu clothing、Change the Xianbei surname to the Han surname、Prohibition of intermarriage of the same family and surname、Lile criminal law and other six aspects of the Sinicization reform。

Since the Tuoba Guiding capital Pingcheng, it has been the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but the status of Pingcheng is northern, it is difficult to control the entire north, coupled with the harassment of the northern Rouran, it is very unfavorable to the consolidation of the Northern Wei regime, coupled with the perennial natural disasters, floods, droughts and diseases are raging, the people's lives are miserable, selling children and daughters, there are many wandering fugitives, it can be said that the people are not living. In addition, the north is dominated by ethnic minority nobles, and the conservative forces are strong, and it will not be conducive to the development of the Northern Wei regime if it is not moved, so Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang under the pretext of the southern expedition.

As the king of a country, in order to strengthen the country and enrich the people, he took the lead in speaking Chinese, wearing Hanfu, and Emperor Xiaowen issued an edict to formulate a system that should not be spoken in the imperial court in the northern vulgar language, and if there is a violation, the system of exempting the resident officials is the only way to speak Chinese better and to better learn the classic works of the Han people.

In terms of restructuring Hu costumes, Emperor Xiaowen reformed the clothes and crowns of the Han people, which was completed by skilled craftsmen for six years, and both men and women needed to change to wear Han costumes. Once, Emperor Xiaowen went to Yecheng to investigate, he saw a woman in the car did not wear Hanfu, he ordered to return, and asked Shangshu why he did not check, which shows how much Emperor Xiaowen attached importance to the prohibition of Hufu and wearing Hanfu.

Emperor Xiaowen implemented major measures in changing the Xianbei surname and intermarriage, and Emperor Xiaowen took the lead in changing the Tuoba surname to the Yuan surname, accelerating the Sinicization process of the Northern Wei regime. In terms of intermarriage, Emperor Xiaowen ordered to prohibit the bad custom of intermarriage within the same surname of Xianbei, and Emperor Xiaowen himself took the lead in actively advocating and promoting intermarriage between Xianbei nobles and Han surnames. The daughter of the Taiyuan Wang, to fill the harem, and to the daughter of Li Chong in Longxi as his wife, many brothers of Emperor Xiaowen and some Xianbei nobles married the daughter of the Han family as their wives and concubines, so that through the intermarriage relationship between different races, the relationship between the Xianbei people and the Han people was further integrated, and the Xianbei nobles and the Han famous scholars were closely combined.

In order to facilitate the study and acceptance of the advanced culture of the Han nationality and further strengthen his rule over the Yellow River Valley, he decided to move the national capital from Pingcheng to Luoyang.

For this, he was afraid that the ministers would oppose the idea of moving the capital, so he first proposed a large-scale attack on Southern Qi. Once, in the last court, he put forward this plan, and the ministers opposed it one after another, and the most fierce was Tuoba Cheng, the king of Rencheng.

Emperor Xiaowen was very annoyed and said: "The country is my country, do you want to hinder me from using troops?"

Tuoba Cheng retorted: "Although the state belongs to His Majesty, I am the minister of the state, and I know that it is dangerous to use troops, so how can I not talk about it." ”

Emperor Xiaowen thought for a while, then announced his retirement from the court, returned to the palace, and then summoned Tuoba Cheng alone, and told him: "To tell you honestly, I was angry with you just now to scare everyone." What I really mean is that I think Pingcheng is a place where military force is used, and it is not suitable for political reform, and now I want to change customs, and I have to move it. This time, I sent troops to attack Qi, in fact, I wanted to take this opportunity to lead the civil and military officials to move the capital to the Central Plains, what do you think?"

Tuoba Cheng suddenly realized that he immediately agreed with Emperor Wei Xiaowen's proposition.

Emperor Wei Xiaowen personally led more than 300,000 infantry and cavalry to the south, starting from Pingcheng and arriving in Luoyang. It happened to be raining in the autumn for a month, and the roads were muddy everywhere, and the march was difficult. However, Emperor Xiaowen still wore armor and rode out of the city and ordered the march to continue.

The ministers didn't want to send troops to attack Qi, but took advantage of this heavy rain to come out to stop it. Emperor Xiaowen said solemnly: "This time, we will mobilize the people, if we give up halfway, it will not be a joke for future generations." If you can't go south, you can move the capital here, what do you think?"

Everyone listened, looked at each other, and did not speak. Emperor Xiaowen said: "You can't hesitate, those who agree to move the capital will stand on the left, and those who disagree will stand on the right." ”

A nobleman said: "As long as Your Majesty agrees to stop the Southern Expedition, then we are willing to move the capital to Luoyang." ”

Although many civil and military officials did not approve of moving the capital, they had no choice but to express their support for moving the capital when they heard that the Southern Expedition could be stopped.

Emperor Xiaowen arranged Luoyang at one end, and sent Tuoba Cheng, the king of Rencheng, back to Pingcheng to publicize the benefits of moving the capital to the princes and nobles there. Later, he personally went to Pingcheng to gather the nobles and ministers to discuss the relocation of the capital.

There were still many opponents among the nobles of Pingcheng, and they came up with one reason after another, but they were all refuted by Emperor Xiaowen. In the end, those people really couldn't make sense, so they had to say: "The relocation is a big deal, whether it is evil or auspicious, or a divination." ”

Emperor Xiaowen said: "The divination is to solve difficult and unresolved matters, and there is no doubt about the matter of moving the capital, what kind of divination is there? Besides, our previous generation also moved the capital several times, so why can't I move the capital?"

The aristocratic ministers were speechless, and the matter of moving the capital to Luoyang was decided in this way.