Hu Zhongzao was a proud protégé of Ortai, a scholar of Manchurian University, and had a grudge against a group of bureaucrats headed by Zhang Tingyu, a scholar of Manchuria. Later, Ortai died, he lost his backer and was suppressed by Zhang Tingyu's faction. So Hu Zhongzao was indignant in his heart and wrote a collection of poems "Jian Mo Sheng Poems".

Emperor Qianlong hated Hu Zhongzao as an Ortai henchman, and in the twentieth year of Qianlong, he secretly ordered Wei Zhezhi, the governor of Guangxi, to strictly investigate all the evil deeds of Hu Zhongzao's test questions and poems when he was a scholar and politician in Guangxi. Emperor Qianlong summoned his ministers and cited the poems of Hu Zhongzao's "Jian Mo Sheng Poems", such as "Descend another summer, autumn and winter, and talk about turbidity and purity", "It is nothing more than opening the Qing Tai, Swen wants to be barbaric, and fighting with the first generation in the ugly Yi", "Please see Du Angbei, who knows that the color belongs to the Qiu people", "Nandou sends me south, Beidou sends me north." In the middle of the north and south buckets, it can't be a wide one, although the north wind is good, it is difficult to use, how can it be used".

Emperor Qianlong personally refuted: "What is the intention of adding a turbid word to the country name?"

He thought that these poems were all derogatory and hateful to the Manchus, so he announced that he would uphold the law of the country, and ordered Hu Zhongzao to be arrested and brought to justice, and all his family members were imprisoned and all his family property confiscated. In the end, Hu Zhongzao was tortured to death, and the dead Ortai withdrew from the Xian Liang Temple on the charge of private friends.

There is also Wang Xihou, whose real name is Wang Hou, because he was afraid that his name would be taboo, so he changed his name to Xihou. Because he was dissatisfied with the words of the "Kangxi Dictionary" as a family, he spent 17 years of painstaking efforts to compile a novel dictionary "Ziguan", which was published in the 40th year of Qianlong. After the book was published, Wang Xihou's fellow villagers sued the official in the name of slandering Emperor Kangxi.

Haicheng, the governor of Jiangxi Province who handled the case, thought that Wang Xihou was arrogant and lawless, so he asked him to be dismissed first, and then tried to formulate the crime. Emperor Qianlong has not had time to deal with it, the book fell into the hands of He Shen, in the preface of "Ziguan", he saw Kangxi, Yongzheng's temple and Qianlong's name and other words, he couldn't help but be overjoyed, and immediately impeached the book to Emperor Qianlong.

Emperor Qianlong was furious: "Sins cannot be forgiven, and sins should be investigated according to the law of great rebellion." ”

He ordered Wang Xihou to be beheaded, six of his descendants to be executed, and 21 members of the whole family sat together, and his wife and daughter-in-law and minor son were enslaved; and he denounced Haicheng for his ineffective handling of affairs, dismissed from his post and handed over to the Criminal Department for punishment, and Haicheng's boss, Gao Jin, the governor of Liangjiang, was severely scolded for the crime of negligence and was punished by demotion and retention.

After the death of Xu Shukui, a man from Dongtai, Jiangsu, his son published the "Yizhulou Poetry Collection" in memory of his deceased father. There is a poem in the collection, "Raise a glass and suddenly see the son of tomorrow, and throw the pot half" is accused of using the pot as a metaphor for Hu'er, and is alluded to the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

There is also "Zhenxi during the Ming Dynasty, go to the Qing capital in one fell swoop", and later Emperor Qianlong said that "the dynasty of the dynasty is the dynasty of the dynasty, and the Qing capital is not used to go to the Qing capital, but to the Qing capital", so it is obviously the meaning of prospering the Ming and destroying the Qing Dynasty. In the forty-third year of Qianlong, the enemy Cai Jiashu reported insulting the Qing court in the poem, which led to a big case, and many people were implicated.

Emperor Qianlong instructed: "Xu Shukui, as a man, is mad, and his 'Poem on a Pillar Tower' is related to Huai Shengguo, secretly ridiculed, and is deceitful and rebellious, which is really a great crime! Although this person is dead, he should still dissect the coffin and kill the corpse in order to uphold the law of the country. ”

Therefore, Xu Shukui and his son were dead and opened the coffin to show the public, and although the two grandsons turned themselves in with books, they were still beheaded for the crime of collecting anti-poems. According to "Mencius", "the wood of the cow mountain, if the waves are wet, the grass and trees are withered", so it is believed that the names of these two people are connected to the first Chenghao, which is to ridicule the Qing Dynasty's shaving system and execute him for the crime of great rebellion.

Even Emperor Qianlong's favorite minister Shen Deqian wrote a biography to Xu Shukui, and wrote the poem "Yong Black Peony" "Seize Zhu Fei Zhengse, and different species are also called kings", although Shen Deqian has been dead for many years, he was also dismissed, took his name, pounced on his monument, destroyed his ancestral hall, and smashed his corpse. Not to mention the tragic destruction of the Xu family, other local people surnamed Xu were also turned over and raided, and some people surnamed Xu were forced to change their names incognito, hiding their ancestral tablets in the toilet to hide and investigate.

There is also a Taoist Mr. Yin Jiaquan official to Dali Siqing, and his father Yin Huiyi is a Taoist. In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong, Yin Jiaquan had retired and returned to his hometown of Boye, Hebei, in April of that year, Emperor Qianlong toured Wutai Mountain to return to Baoding, Yin Jiaquan suddenly became old and crazy, and he was determined to participate in the ceremony. However, there was no holy decree to summon him to the Hajj, Yin Jiaquan had an idea, and thought of his father Yin Huiyi, so he drafted two memoranda, one was to ask for advice, and the other was to worship. If the emperor is gracious, not only will he have a reputation as a filial son, but he will also be able to take the opportunity to be in the limelight, so he will send his son to send the invitation and stay at home.

Emperor Qianlong saw the notebook that his son sent for him, and asked for his father's advice, and was immediately annoyed. So he mentioned Zhu Pen's approval: "Please be a national rule, how can you ask for it in vain? This recital should have been handed over to the Criminal Department for punishment, and I will pardon you for your father's private affairs." If you are restless at home, your guilt will never be forgiven!"

And Yin Jiaquan then sent another copy, asking the emperor to allow his father to worship the Temple of Literature. Emperor Qianlong immediately became angry: "It is unforgivable to bark boldly and recklessly!"

So the undertaking officials racked their brains to fabricate charges, and charged Yin Jiaquan with great disrespect, false Taoism, hypocrites and other crimes, and the most influential was the so-called ancient crimes. Yin Jiaquan called himself an old man, but Emperor Qianlong said: "I call him an old man, and I have already announced it to the world, how dare he call himself an old man?" ”

In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong, Wu Ying, a member of the year, was sentenced to death by Ling Chi. In the forty-eighth year of Qianlong, Li Yi's "Hu Tu Ci" has a saying, "The sky is Hu Tu, the earth is Hu Tu, the emperor is handsome, and it is nothing more than Hu Tu." After investigation, it was found that the informant Qiao Tingying's poem manuscript also had the sentence "The heart of a thousand courtiers, once the sun and the moon and the sky", and the words "sun and moon" are combined, this is not a rebellion and what is it? The whistleblower and the accused were both executed by Ling Chi, and the descendants of the two families were beheaded, and their wives and daughters-in-law were slaves.

In the fifty-third year of Qianlong, the He Shisheng national policy case occurred. He Shisheng, an old talent in Weiyang, Hunan, has participated in the imperial examination many times but has not been able to pass the rank. He usually writes pleadings for others, and uses hearsay rumors and stories to piece together a "Du Guoce", which is ready to be written and submitted to the capital in order to obtain an official position. Because the book wrote opinions criticizing the donation system, this became a vain discussion of Hu Zheng, and He Shisheng was sentenced to be executed.

Other texts involving Huayi, Ming, and Qing characters are everywhere. Zhu Tingzhen of Dexing, Jiangxi, in order to teach his children and grandchildren to read, compiled a book of "Continuation of the Three Character Classic", which was denounced. The government raided and found that the book "slandered the rise and fall of the emperor, especially slandered", like writing that the Yuan Dynasty had a sentence of "hair draped left, clothes more, difficult to China, monks everywhere", clothes and crowns refer to changing clothes, difficult Huaxia is China suffering, monks everywhere are all bald, although it is said to be the Yuan Dynasty, it is considered to be an allusion to the dynasty. So he sentenced the court to open the coffin and kill the corpse, and the children and grandchildren over the age of 16 were immediately decided.

Li Duo, a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu, has "The Collection of Bees" has "unfounded worries and worries, waiting for the re-enlightenment"; The sentence "The sun is bright, from the east, according to the eight wildernesses, I think about Kong Changxi, and the night is not young", which is considered to be a deliberate insinuation, and is condemned as a major crime of rebellion. Zhang Jinyan has a sentence in the preface to Liu Zhengzong's poem manuscript that will be Ming Zhicai, etc., which is set as a reverse case. Hangzhou Zhuo Changling's "Memories of Ming Poems", the sound and the Ming are homophonic, and it is accused of remembering the Ming Dynasty and plotting against the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Qianlong hated the Zhuo family and called them: "Losing the conscience of heaven and destroying the principles of heaven is really intolerable." ”

Fang Fen's "Tao Huanting Poetry Collection" "Ask who is ambitious enough to clarify", "Pu Jia wants to be white and clear, and the dream is sad and clear", and he was also tragically executed. There is a Liu Sanyuan, who was crazy, and one day he said to people: "I am a descendant of the Han family, and I want the support of the officials." The madman was killed for this.

Some of the words were the preserve of the tyrannical emperor, and if they were misused, they would be guilty of trespass. Shanxi Wang Eryang made an epitaph for other people's fathers, using the word imperial examination, which is a customary term, Qu Yuan's "Lisao" and Ouyang Xiu's "Takioka Table" both called his father the imperial examination, but he was reprimanded for using the imperial character in the examination without authorization, which is really disobedient.

Jiangsu Wei Yuzhen engraved a statement for his father's publication, which included "forgiveness for the poor people of the tenants, no interest will be added", but the word pardon can only be used by the emperor, Wei Yuzhen was accused of daring to use the word pardon, which is very arrogant. Hunan supervisor Li Daben made a birthday for his mother, and there were words and phrases such as Yao Shun in the birthday text, which was denounced as imitating inappropriateness and falsehood, and Li Daben was in Urumqi.

Hubei Xiucai Cheng Mingxu made a birthday celebration for people, which contained "Shao Fangsheng in Hubei, creating a great cause in Henan", creating a great cause was misinterpreted as wanting to be the emperor, Cheng Mingxu's language was rebellious, and he made a decision. There are countless others who have violated temple secrets, imperial names, and mentioned that the emperor should be changed lines and carried out without changing lines, so there are countless people who have been convicted. There is a Henan native Liu E, who compiled and printed the book "Sacred Records" for sale, originally to tell people how to avoid it, so the names of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty who should be avoided were written and engraved according to the original script, but he was accused of great disrespect and was beheaded.

In the literary prison during the Qianlong period, there were many cases, even because of singing praises to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty and offering books and advice, but because the sycophants were illegal, they would be killed if they violated the taboo. Zhitianbao, a doctor who walked the rivers and lakes in Rongcheng, compiled a "Perpetual Calendar" to celebrate the long fortune of the Qing Dynasty, which said: "The Zhou Dynasty has only 800 years in the world, and now the Qing Dynasty has a longer national fortune than the Zhou Dynasty." ”

However, in this 10,000-year calendar, the number of years of Qianlong is only compiled to 57 years, which is a big taboo, and it is considered to be a curse on Emperor Qianlong's short life, and the crime is extremely evil. There is also a Jizhou Xiucai An Nengjing, who wrote a poem praising the Qing Dynasty, which includes: "Well, Rong has been a thousand days, driving only for a while, knowing that the Lord has many worries, who can solve difficulties." ”

These four lines of poetry were misinterpreted as cursing the emperor for having worries and difficulties and no one to assist him, in fact, just like An Nengjing himself said during the interrogation: "I originally tried my best to praise, but I couldn't say it." "At best, the hymn is not well written, where is the ridicule and slander?

The famous scholar Quan Zu looked at the "Huangya Chapter", describing that the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty won the righteousness of the world. However, the enemy of Quan Zuwang complained to Emperor Qianlong that Quan Zu Wang's text contained the sentence "Seeking a thief for me", and he actually crowned the word thief on the Qing character, which was a great rebellion. Quan Zuwang was almost framed, but because the court officials defended him, he was spared.

It was not until the end of the Qianlong period that the literary prison was relatively relaxed. This is mainly due to the increasing corruption of the Qing court's rule, the people of all ethnic groups have revolted one after another, and the Qing court has not even had time to suppress the uprising.

Obviously, if such cases are thoroughly investigated, they will inevitably accumulate and will be disturbed by a large number of cases. When the people of all ethnic groups took up arms and rebelled, the Qing court had to restrain a little, and it had to be lenient in dealing with the crimes of writing. But even so, until the Jiaqing period, the shadow of the literary prison still shrouded the literary world, and the intellectuals still had palpitations, so Gong Zizhen avoided the table and heard about the literary prison, wrote books for the sake of rice, and sighed sadly.

As for the "Siku Quanshu" that was revised during the Qianlong period, it was even more thorough, and all books throughout the country had to be donated and inspected, and not only were the documents that were not conducive to the Manchu Qing Dynasty banned and destroyed, but even the writings of the predecessors involving the Khitan, Jurchen, Mongolian, and Liao, Jinyuan, and Yuan had to be tampered with. More than 3,000 kinds of banned books were confiscated, more than 150,000 were confiscated, and more than 700,000 books were burned in total, and the number of banned books was as many as those collected in the four libraries.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the writings of Huang Daozhou, Zhang Huangyan, Yuan Jixian, Qian Sule, Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, and Sun Qifeng were all banned, and some people's writings were only slightly relaxed later. However, the works of Qian Qianyi, Lu Liuliang, Qu Dajun, Jin Bao, Dai Mingshi, Wang Xihou, and Yin Jiaquan were particularly strictly banned.

Even Song Yingxing's scientific and technological work "Heavenly Creations" was banned and destroyed because it hindered the foolish people, and the literary prison was so complete that an anti-Manchu essay by Wu Sangui was annihilated in China for more than 200 years, and it was only found out from Japan more than 200 years later.

There have been alternate times of national power in Chinese history, but there has never been a time like the Manchu rulers who completely destroyed China's clothing and clothing, completely strangled China's national consciousness, and completely turned China into a completely obedient lackey from the spiritual to the physical level. The Manchu rulers were not only cruel, tyrannical, and harsh in prison, but also tried their best to destroy China, especially the national consciousness of the Chinese scholars. Compared with the foreign rulers of the previous generation, they are more insidious, despicable, and vicious. The boundary between the Manchu and Han dynasties is not the book or the braid, but the cutting off of many heads of the ancients, which is decided, and by the time there is knowledge, everyone has long forgotten the blood history.

It is a well-known fact that many of the ancient books collected in the Siku Quanshu have been tampered with. The literary and historical works of the Ming people related to the interests of the Qing rulers were vigorously suppressed, and the Northern and Southern Song dynasties were affected. The compilers of the "Siku Quanshu" tried their best to discard and destroy the works that reflected the national contradictions, national oppression, and national fighting spirit, and wantonly tampered with the famous works that could not be excluded.

For example, Yue Fei's famous sentence in "Man Jianghong" is "Ambition is hungry for Hulu meat, laughing and thirsty for Hun blood." "Hulu and Xiongnu were taboo in the Qing Dynasty. So the librarian of "Siku Quanshu" changed it to "Ambition is hungry and eats meat, laughs and wants to spill blood." ”

Zhang Xiaoxiang's famous work "Liuzhou Song Tou Changhuai Wangduan" describes the occupation of Confucius's hometown in the north by the Jin people: "On the Su Si, the string song is also fishy. "Bloody and taboo, changed to withering. Chen Liang's "Water Tune Song Head" word cloud: "The capital of Yao, the soil of Shun, the seal of Yu." In the middle of the should be, a half shameful minister. "The shameful minister made a taboo and changed it to a carving bow.

There is even more ridiculous, Xin Qiji's "Eternal Happiness" in "Eternal Happiness", "The slanting sun grass and trees, the ordinary alleys and alleys, and the humane slaves once lived", which was changed to the humane Song Lord once lived. Jinu is the nickname of Liu Yu, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Lord of Song can be said to be his honorific title. The rhythm of these two sentences should also be made as 仄平, and the pronunciation of the two characters is also 仄平, and changing it to the Song lord does not involve the problem of pronunciation; the two characters of Jinu have nothing to do with the taboos of Hu, Rong, Yi, and Lu in the Qing Dynasty.

So why do you need to change it? There is only one reason, that is, to call the emperor by a small name, and the librarians of the "Siku Quanshu", who are accustomed to being slaves, feel awkward when they see it, so they must change it even if there is no obstacle. What a self-conscious servile attitude. "Siku Quanshu" is not only hidden in the inner court, but also issued in a place where the style of writing is more prosperous, so that scholars all over the world will never feel that there were also people with some backbone among Chinese authors. As for what those slave lackeys said, according to the "Gaozong Record", this "Siku Quanshu" is the personal school of Emperor Qianlong, and Ji Xiaolan personally is the third school. What does this mean besides adding some jokes to the publishing and academic circles?