Long Keduo is the younger brother of Empress Xiaoyi of Emperor Kangxi, the son of the first-class duke Tong Guowei, the commander of the infantry army in the last years of Kangxi, and the secretary of the Lifan Yuan. Long Keduo, like Nian Qianyao, are both important ministers of Yongzheng, and without the two of them, it would be difficult for Yongzheng to ascend to the throne.

Yongzheng's country is firmly seated, and he has to get rid of the people who know the secret, Nian Qianyao has been removed, and Long Keduo must also die. In October of the fifth year of Yongzheng, Long Keduo was put on trial for the crime of secretly possessing jade, and the kings and ministers jointly impeached Long Keduo for 41 major crimes, and was ordered to be imprisoned forever, and his family property was recovered to make up the stolen silver, and his two sons were also punished. The following year, Ronkodo died in the confinement.

The Investigational Tribunal case, which is related to the Loncodo case, ended a few months before the Lonkodo conviction was completed. Zha Si Tingzi Runmu, number Hengpu, Zhejiang Haining, Kangxi forty-five years of Jinshi, elected to Hanlin, by Long Keduo Bao to confer the Cabinet University Doctor, and later by the Zuodu Yushi Cai Wang Ting Bao to confer the Ministry of Rites Zuo Shilang. In May of the fifth year of Yongzheng, the case ended, and the investigation of the corpses and beheadings of the emperor, the relatives were beheaded or exiled, and the Jiangxi officials involved were all dismissed.

Not only that, because Wang Jingqi and Zha Siting are both from Zhejiang, Yongzheng is angry with Zhejiang scholars. In the second month after Cha Siting was imprisoned, that is, in October of the fourth year of Yongzheng, the Qing court specially appointed a special envoy to observe and rectify customs in Zhejiang, and he supervised the scholars and rectified the morale. In November, he issued an edict to stop the Zhejiang Shiren Township Examination and the Hui Examination. Shen Jinsi, the servant of the ministry, supported it, saying that Wang Jingqi, Zha Siting and others made Yue Shui more ashamed, and Wu Shan was ashamed. In August of the sixth year of Yongzheng, at the request of Li Wei, the governor of Zhejiang, Yongzheng lifted the edict to stop the township examination, and two years later revoked the customs of the Guanfeng rectification.

Later, there were the Xie Jishi case and the Lu Shengnan case, both of which originated from the mutual participation of Li Fu and Tian Wenjing. Tian Wenjing was born as a prisoner, and he was promoted to the governor of Henan in the second year of Yongzheng. His decrees were harsh, and he suspected that officials from Kejia were cowardly and slow, and impeached and dismissed three or four state and county officials one after another, including Xinxu Zhizhou Huang Zhenguo, who was recommended by Cai Wangting, the imperial history of Zuodu.

In the fourth year of Yongzheng, Li Fu, who was newly appointed as the governor of Zhili, took office and passed through Henan, and Tian Wenjing greeted him according to the usual practice. Li Fu, who was born in Kejia, couldn't help but blame Tian Wenjing, saying that he shouldn't deliberately ravage scholars. So Tian Wenjing secretly impeached Li Fu because he was in the same year as Huang Zhenguo and others, so he intended to protect him, which meant that Li Fu and others privately formed a friend.

Soon Li Fu went to Beijing to meet him and stated the corruption of Tian Wenjing and the injustice of Huang Zhenguo and others. After a little investigation, Yongzheng suspected that Li Fu and other people from Kejia were engaged in a friend. Zhejiang Provincial Inspector Yu Shi Xie Ji was sparse in the world and impeached Tian Wenjing for ten crimes. Yongzheng returned the song, but Xie Jishi insisted on going up. Yongzheng was angry and arrested Xie Jishi, and the scholars, Jiuqing, and Kedao were to be beheaded.

Since the content of Xie Jishi's impeachment and Li Fu's impeachment was completely identical, both of them were for Huang Zhenguo, Huang Zhenguo was recommended by Cai Wangting, and Cai Wangting and Li Fu had a close relationship, Yongzheng then decided that these people were engaged in the party, and reduced Xie Jishi's death to Xinjiang Altai; Cai Wangting was demoted to Fengtianfu Yin; Li Fu was demoted to the Ministry of Works, and he was soon dismissed.

Lu Shengnan, who was born as a man, was transferred to the magistrate of Wu County with military merits. When Yongzheng was introduced, he saw that he was dealing with sluggishness and behaved perversely, so he detained him and stayed in Beijing to study and do things, and later changed to the head of the Ministry of Industry. When he was introduced again, Yongzheng saw that he was arrogant and irreverent, and he wrote sentences in the Five Classics and Four Books, such as Hui Diji, Cong Rebellion, why is it different from the Buddha, etc., and felt that he was satirizing himself. Yongzheng thought that he was from Guangxi and was a fellow villager with Xie Jishi, and Li Fu had previously been the governor of Guangxi, so there must be a place to become friends with Li Fu and Xie Jishi on weekdays. So he ordered Lu Shengnan to be dismissed from his post and also sent to Altai.

Lu Shengnan wrote 17 articles of "Tongjian Theory" in Altai, which became the source of Lu Shengnan's Tongjian case. In May of the seventh year of Yongzheng, General Zhenwu stationed in Altai, Wang Xibao of Shuncheng County impeached Lu Shengnan's "Tongjian Theory" 17 articles, the article has a lot of indignant words, on the benefits of feudalism, the rhetoric is even more paradoxical, obviously it is to discuss current affairs, "Tongjian Theory" is paid with this book.

Yongzheng played and refuted the paradoxical arguments in the "Tongjian Theory" one by one. After refuting it, Yongzheng proposed that Lu Shengnan, who was extremely heinous and untouchable, be punished on the spot, and ordered Jiuqing, Han Zhan, and Kedao to determine the crimes that Lu Shengnan should be punished. Of course, the servants did what they were told, and at the end of the year, Lu Shengnan was sentenced to death in the Altai army.

At the same time as impeaching Lu Shengnan, Xibao also participated in a copy of Xie Jishi, saying that Xie Jishi's "Guben University Note" slandered Cheng Zhu, and the book was handed over with the book, that is, Xie Jishi's University Note. After reading it, Yongzheng praised the cabinet, thinking that Xie Jishi not only slandered Cheng Zhu, but also arbitrarily slandered the current politics.

Yongzheng asked aggressively: "Let me ask Xie Jishi, what have you stated for the country over the past few years? What have you said for me? What advice have you refused? What mistakes have you covered up? Can you still point out one or two things besides punishing Xie Jishi's party for fighting against disagrees and framing good ministers?"

Then he ordered the courtiers to discuss Xie Jishi's punishment. The ministers planned to execute Xie Jishi and Lu Shengnan together, Yongzheng was on a whim, playing a heartbeat game, and secretly told Xibao to tie Xie Jishi to the execution ground when he killed Lu Shengnan, but finally announced that Xie Jishi was exempt from death on the spot, I don't know how the two felt at that time.

In September of the sixth year of Yongzheng, on a street in Xi'an, Shaanxi, Yue Zhongqi, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, was returning to the office in a sedan chair, and suddenly someone stopped the sedan chair to submit a book. This is the prison of Zeng Jing and Lu Liuliang. The case was concluded and disposed of, Lu Liuliang and Lu Baozhong's father and son opened the coffin and killed the corpse, and the head was displayed to the public; Lu Yizhong beheaded and decided; Lu Liuliang's grandsons sent Ningguta to the armored people as slaves; and all family property was confiscated.

Yan Hongkui, a student of Lu Liuliang, opened the coffin and killed the corpse, and his descendants sent Ningguta to the armoured people as slaves; Shen Zaikuan, a student, was beheaded and executed; Huang Bu'an's descendants were punished according to the discussion; Che Dingfeng, who published and collected Lu Liuliang's works, was sentenced to behead and imprisoned; the other two were exiled 3,000 miles away with their wives, and more than a dozen people were punished with rods.

Zeng Jing's confession and confession were compiled into the book "The Mystery of the Great Righteous Jue", which was published and distributed to all schools in the country, and the instructors were ordered to urge the scholars to carefully read and learn, and to punish those who ignored them. He also ordered Hang Yilu, a squire of the Criminal Department, to lead Zeng Jing to preach in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and ordered Shi Yizhi, the secretary of the Ministry of War, to lead Zhang Xi to preach in various parts of Shaanxi.

What is ridiculous is that Lao Tzu decided the case and his son overturned the case, Yongzheng once declared: "My descendants will not be investigated and killed for slandering me in the future." ”

However, in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne, and publicly overturned the case before the Yuan was changed, ordering Zeng Jing and Zhang Xi to be released to Beijing, and the two were executed in December. And the traitor Yue Zhongqi did not end well, he was later impeached by the university scholar Ortai because of the failure of the crusade against Dzungaria, and was sentenced to behead in prison, and was not released until the early years of Qianlong.

When the "Mystery of the Great Righteous Jue" was touring in Guangdong, Fu Tai, the governor of Guangdong, confessed from Zhang Xi that he admired Mr. Qu Wenshan in Guangdong, remembered the famous scholar Qu Dajun in this province called Wengshan, and guessed that Wenshan was a false legend of Wengshan. So he traced the books "Wengshan Wenwai" and "Wengshan Poems" written by Qu Dajun, and sure enough, he found that there were many rebellious words in them, hiding depression and injustice. In this way, another case of ideological rebellion was exposed.

Qu Dajun had been dead for more than 30 years, and his son Qu Minghong voluntarily surrendered to Guangzhou and handed over his father's poetry and writings and carved plates. Because Qu Minghong surrendered, he was spared death, and only Qu Minghong and his two sons were sent to Fujian, and Qu Dajun's poems and writings were forbidden to be destroyed.

Then there was the disaster of Qiu Lian's play. Qiu Lian is a native of Cixi, Zhejiang, and when he was young, he once played "The Book of Proposed Zhang Liang Zhao Sihao", which contained sentences such as "want to determine the prince, Mo Ruoyi prince;

In the last years of Kangxi, the seventy-year-old Qiu Lianzhong Jinshi later returned to his hometown as an official. In the seventh year of Yongzheng, eighty-five-year-old Qiu Lian was suddenly arrested, and it turned out that someone accused him of writing a recruitment letter on behalf of Zhang Liang to give advice to the abolished prince Yinren. In June of the following year, Qiu Lian died in Jingshi Prison. Juvenile drama pen, old age is a disaster, the so-called life literacy crisis begins.

Xu Jun, the Jishi of the Hanlin Academy, is the son of Xu Ganxue, the secretary of the Criminal Department of the Kangxi Dynasty, and the niece of Gu Yanwu. In the eighth year of Yongzheng, Xu Jun miswrote His Majesty's Majesty character into a character in the recital, and Yongzheng saw it and immediately dismissed Xu Jun. Later, I sent someone to check and found the verses in Xu Jun's poetry collection, "Qingfeng is illiterate, what is the matter with turning the book", "Mingyue is affectionate and takes care of me, Qingfeng has no intention of leaving no one", so Yongzheng thought that this was a deliberate slander, and he made a decision according to the law of disrespect.

Under the cruel cultural oppression of Yongzheng, Chinese culture has been destroyed, and Yongzheng has made remarkable achievements. In the eleventh year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng issued an edict to recruit scholars, and wanted to learn from Kangxi to reopen the erudite and erudite Hongzhi department, who knew that there were few responders Liao Liao, so he had to give up. Talents wither, cultural governance is slack, once this is the case, the negative impact of the literary prison can be grand.

By the time of the so-called Holy Lord and the Ten Perfect Old Man Emperor Qianlong, the literary prison reached its peak, with a total of more than 130 cases. In 47 of these cases, the perpetrators were sentenced to death, which meant that the living were killed, the bodies of the deceased were killed, and the male relatives over the age of 15 were beheaded. And the literary prison created by far-fetchedness, looking at the text and chasing after the wind and shadows, is like a wild horse that cannot be controlled. Even some madmen smeared indiscriminately and were condemned as reverse cases, and Ling Chi was executed, which was absurd to the extreme.

When Emperor Qianlong first ascended the throne, he also pretended to win the hearts of the people, first ordered the criminal department to take down the skull of Wang Jingqi hanging at the entrance of the vegetable market and bury it with a rod, and then issued a decree to pardon the relatives of Wang Jingqi and Cha Siting. In order to avoid the recurrence of the unjust imprisonment of a person who was guilty of writing a crime, Emperor Qianlong temporarily heeded the request of Cao Yishi, the imperial historian of Shandong Province, to tolerate fallacies and prohibit false accusations, and approved the recommendation of the Criminal Department.

Although the literati had already been drained of their backbones by the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties at this time, they were still very happy, and they praised Qianlong for having no hidden feelings, being lenient for the government, and making up folk songs with great feelings: "Qianlong treasure, increase longevity; Qianlong money, ten thousand years." Compare the ballad of Yongzhengshi: "Yongzheng money, poor for half a year".

However, in the sixteenth year of Qianlong, the literary prison was revived, and Liu Zhenyu, a member of Jinxi, Jiangxi, wrote the book "Zuoli Wanshi Zhiping New Policy", expounding the view of the easier clothes system, and in the eighteenth year of Qianlong, he was discovered by Emperor Qianlong, thinking that he was rebellious: "Liu Zhenyu has been educated by this dynasty for more than 100 years since his grandfather, and he is not an ignorant fool. ”

At the beginning of the investigation, Fan Shishou, the governor of Hunan, dismissed him from his life, beat him with a hundred rods, and imprisoned him forever, which was already a deliberate crime and was sentenced very heavily, but Emperor Qianlong still felt that the sentence was too light, so he immediately beheaded Liu Zhenyu and destroyed the book plate. and reprimanded Fan Shishou: "I only beat the prisoner with a light cane, I really don't know what righteousness is, and I really entrust it to the tribe to be severely punished." ”

Ten years ago, Liu Zhenyu once dedicated the "New Strategy for Peace" to the governor of Jiangxi, but he didn't see the problem and rewarded a few words. At the time of this case, Seleng had already died, and Emperor Qianlong was furious, saying: "Seleng is a feudal official, but he has given instructions and rewards, and he is extremely disheartened." If this time exists, he must be punished for the crime of rebellion against the party, that is, the canonical punishment. "It's madness.