In the fifth year of Yongzheng, Emperor Yongzheng prepared to use troops against the Dzungar tribe, and in the seventh year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng used Yue Zhongqi as the general of Ningyuan to send troops to the west road, and Fu Erdan was the general of Jingbian, and sent troops to the north road and marched to conquer.

But when he arrived at the front line, he was defeated, and Emperor Yongzheng imprisoned Yue Zhongqi and repeatedly changed the generals of the North Road military camp. Later, both sides could not fight anymore and began to negotiate. Emperor Yongzheng's goal of eliminating the other party was not achieved, and the reason for investigating the reason was that Emperor Yongzheng, Yue Zhongqi, Fu Erdan and others were arrogant and arrogant.

In coordination with the use of troops in the northwest, Emperor Yongzheng set up a military aircraft department to assist him in handling military affairs. Emperor Yongzheng appointed the ministers from the scholars, scholars, squires and relatives and nobles, such as Prince Yi Yinxiang, scholars Zhang Tingyu, household scholars Jiang Tingxi, and scholars Ortai, all of whom were ministers of relatives and ministers of military aircraft.

There is also the military machine Zhang Jing, who is elected by the cabinet, the Hanlin Yuan, the Six Ministries, the Li Fan Yuan and other yamen officials. All of these people are part-time, and their promotions are still carried out in the original yamen. Therefore, at the beginning of the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, there was no special officer. There is no official office in the Military Aircraft Department, and there is a duty room, which is in the Longzong Gate, close to the Yangxin Hall of the Yongzheng Emperor's dormitory, so that the Minister of Military Aircraft can be summoned to discuss matters. The absence of a special officer and a government office makes the Military Aircraft Department a special kind of organization.

Since the southern invasion of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the Central Plains ethnic groups have not only been brutally killed militarily, but also plundered and destroyed economically. As early as the Qing army entered the customs, the Qing court began to oppress and destroy Chinese culture.

In the second year of Shunzhi, Huang Yuqi, a native of Jiangyin, was accused of writing a poem: "Even if it is against the sky, I don't know how to return it." "It was accused of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty, raiding homes and killing corpses, and sending children to flag people as slaves.

In the fourth year of Shunzhi, the Guangdong monk Shihan Ke carried a historical manuscript "Change" that recorded the tragic deeds of the anti-Qing warriors, which was seized by the Qing soldiers at the city gate of Nanjing, and after a year of torture, he was exiled to Shenyang on the charge of privately writing a rebellion.

In the following year, there was a preface to the art of carving by Mao Chongzhuo, and the preface written by Mao Chongzhuo for the art of carving did not write the name of Shunzhi, which was considered by the university scholar Ganglin to be a dynasty without a dynasty, and an unforgivable article without orthodoxy. Thus, the Qing court established the earliest censorship dictatorship.

Compared with the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties that followed, the literary prison of the Kangxi Dynasty was not very serious, but it also killed a large number of literati. Starting from the case of Zhuang Ting's Ming history, Zhu Guozhen, the first assistant of the cabinet of the Tianqi Dynasty of Ming Xizong, was excluded by Wei Zhongxian, and returned to his hometown of Wucheng, Zhejiang, where he compiled a "Summary of the History of the Emperor and Ming" and published it.

After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, there was a wealthy man named Zhuang Tingyan in Huzhou, Zhejiang, who was blind and wanted to make a historical work. However, he himself was not familiar with historical affairs, so he paid to buy historical manuscripts from Zhu Guozhen's descendants, and recruited talented people in Jiangnan who were interested in compiling and repairing the history of the Ming Dynasty to supplement the history of the Chongzhen Dynasty and the Southern Ming Dynasty.

When referring to the history of the Southern Ming Dynasty, he still respected the name of the Ming Dynasty, did not recognize the orthodoxy of the Qing Dynasty, and also mentioned the Jurchen of Jianzhou at the end of the Ming Dynasty, directly wrote Nurhachi's name, wrote that Li Chengliang killed Nurhachi's father and ancestor, scolded Shang Kexi, Geng Zhongming who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Geng Zhongming as a thief, Geng thief, and wrote that the Qing army used Yikou to enter the customs, etc., which were extremely taboo in the Qing court.

After the publication of this "Compendium of Ming History", there was nothing wrong at first, but only because a few shameless villains wanted to blackmail the dealer a few years later, so they caused trouble. At that time, the principal Zhuang Tingyan had been dead for many years, and Zhuang's father relied on the money to buy the government to bring back the blackmailers one by one. Unexpectedly, a petty official named Wu Zhirong was angry and sued Beijing. Ao Bai and others were very interested in this, and issued a strict investigation.

As a result, the people associated with Zhuang's "History of the Ming Dynasty" came to a catastrophe. In the second year of Kangxi's reign in the beautiful city of Hangzhou, the Qing army committed more than 70 people in the "History of the Ming Dynasty" case, who wrote the preface to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", proofread it, and even sold books, bought books, engraved and printed them, and local officials. The main culprit, Zhuang Tingyan, dissected the coffin and killed the corpse according to the crime of great rebellion, and hundreds of others were implicated and sent to the army.

The Ming history case set a bad precedent for soliciting bribes by reversing books. Some villains follow Wu Zhirong's example and find flaws in other people's books, which are far-fetched, accusing them of being anti-books and blackmailing all over the world. For example, Sun Qifeng's "Jiashen Great Disaster Record" was accused of commemorating the death of the Ming Dynasty, so Sun Qifeng was escorted to Beijing and imprisoned, and was rescued before he was released from prison. Later, it developed to the point that the gangsters simply made their own reverse books, and listed whoever they wanted to blackmail.

Shen Tianfu, Xia Linqi, and Lu Zhong are the most courageous and have the darkest hearts. They engraved a collection of poems, pretending to be compiled by Chen Jisheng, and the author of the book was more than 700 famous people from the north and south of the country. In the sixth year of Kangxi, Shen Tianfu went to the cabinet to ask for 2,000 taels of silver from Wu Yuanlai's house, but was rejected, so the book was examined and reported to the official, and the truth was revealed after the trial of the Criminal Department, and Shen Tianfu and the four were beheaded in Xishi.

In the fifth year of Kangxi, the Huang Peishi case occurred in Shandong. Huang Pei is a native of Jimo, Shandong, the commander of the late Ming Dynasty to the Jinyi Guard, and after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he lived in seclusion at home. He once helped the seven peasant rebel army, and wrote poems such as "A banana charm on the sea, and there is no sun and moon shining on Shandong", "Kill all the Loulan and refuse to return, and the iron rider will be the golden emblem", "Pingsha has no fireworks as far as the eye can see, only to see the mourning Hong flying from the north", reflecting Huang Pei's anti-Qing national thoughts, and he also formed a large shrine with a group of like-minded people.

The person who sued Huang Pei was Huang Yuanheng, the grandson of Huang Kuan, a slave of his family. Huang Yuanheng's original surname was Jiang, and after he was admitted to the Jinshi and became a Hanlin, in order to return to his family and his surname, he was relieved of his status as master and servant of the Huang family, so he accused the Huang family of privately engraving and collecting rebellious poetry and books. Therefore, Huang Pei and 14 others were arrested and imprisoned, and all of them were beheaded.

Jiang Yuanheng was not enough, and teamed up with the wicked to write an article entitled "The North and the South are Reversed", accusing Gu Yanwu and other former Ming ministers and people who had two hearts for the Qing court, and the correspondence between the north and the south was either plotting to rebel or slandering the court.

In this ill-intentioned text, Jiang Yuanheng named about 300 people in an attempt to create a big case. The case was indeed handled by order, and the governor and governor of Shandong also personally intervened. Gu Yanwu was imprisoned for nearly seven months, and was rescued by Zhu Yizun and others before he was released from prison.

In the nineteenth year of Kangxi, Zhu Fangdan's supplementary case occurred. Zhu Fangdan is a famous doctor, and he discovered that the brain is the center of thought, not the heart as traditional medicine believes. As soon as this statement was published, it caused a great shock in the medical community, and a group of people attacked him, and finally he was beheaded for the crime of bewitching the public with false words, and all his works were burned. He also has a number of medical works, such as "The Secret Record of the Middle Quality", in which it is impossible to know how many discoveries will surpass Western medicine.

Although Emperor Kangxi was interested in science, he hated him the most and insisted that he must be beheaded. At that time, Leerjin, the king of Shuncheng County, respected Zhu Fangdan very much, so he tried his best to rescue him, and Emperor Kangxi first dismissed Leerjin, and then issued an edict to kill Zhu Fangdan. The revival of literature and technology since the middle of the Ming Dynasty was interrupted by this series of literary prisons.

Later, Dai Mingshi, the editor of the Hanlin Academy, was very indignant at the Qing court's arbitrary falsification of the history of the Ming Dynasty, and he wrote a book "Nanshan Collection" that recorded the history of the late Ming Dynasty by interviewing the relics of the Ming Dynasty and referring to written data. In the 50th year of Kangxi, 10 years after the book was printed, he was denounced, because the book used the name of the southern year and involved Dolgon's misdeeds, the Kangxi Emperor was very angry, and ordered Dai Mingshi Lingchi to be executed, and all men over 16 years old in the Dai family were beheaded, and women and men under 15 years old were sent to the Manchu family as slaves.

Fellow villager Fang Xiaobiao once provided reference data "Chronicles of Qiangui", which was also punished in the same way as Dai Mingshi; all members of the Dai clan who had a title were dismissed; Wang Hao, Fang Bao, Wang Yuan, and others who wrote the preface to the "Nanshan Collection" were beheaded; and Fang Zhengyu, You Yunju, and others, as well as their wives and sons, who donated money to print and publish the "Nanshan Collection", were sent to Ningguta to fill the army. Because more than 300 people were implicated in the "Nanshan Collection", later Emperor Kangxi pretended to be merciful and changed Dai Shiling Chi to beheading, and the people who should have been beheaded such as the Dai family and the Fang family were exiled to Heilongjiang, Fang Xiaobiao was dead, but he was still sent to the coffin to kill the body.

In the fifty-third year of Kangxi, there was a rap artist Xu Zhuan among the people, who used rap to write history. This was originally a generational initiative, but Emperor Kangxi thought he was blaspheming history, so he beheaded Xu Zhuanwen.

Yongzheng Dynasty's literary prison began with the Nian Qianyao case. Nian Qianyao is the Han army inlaid with the yellow flag, Jinshi was born and has the talent of a soldier, in the Sichuan-Tibet area to quell the rebellion and repeatedly made meritorious contributions, the last years of Kangxi awarded the general of Dingxi, and the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and was attached to Yinzhen, who was still the prince of Yong at that time. After Yinzhen succeeded to the throne, Nian Qianyao was favored by him, and was awarded the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, Taibao, and Fuyuan, and was awarded the title of first-class duke. Nian Qianyao began to be proud of his achievements because his sister was Yongzheng's concubine, Yongzheng had long wanted to make an example, but he had no excuse.

Yongzheng three years in February, there appeared the sun and the moon combined, the astronomical wonder of the five stars of the pearl, the ministers on the table to congratulate, Yongzheng paid special attention to the year of the Yao's watch, and found the problem, one is the font grass, the other is the idiom Chao Gan Xi Ti written into Xi Ti Chao Gan, this language means to be diligent all day long, that is, the meaning of writing down is unchanged.

Yongzheng can ignore these, thinking that Nian Qianyao is contemptuous of merit and has bad intentions, and those who have grievances against Nian Qianyao saw that the emperor took the lead, so they attacked him in groups, so Nian Qianyao was impeached for ninety-two major crimes. Yongzheng ordered Nian Qianyao to cut himself off, and his relatives and accomplices were either beheaded or exiled or degraded, and anyone who had the slightest connection with him was punished.

Seven days after Nian Qianyao's death, Wang Jingqi beheaded the public, that is, Wang Jingqi's essay case for the west. Wang Jingqi, a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, in the early years of Yongzheng, his friend Hu Qiheng served as the political envoy of Shaanxi and was the confidant of his boss Nian Qianyao. Wang Jingqi went to visit, took the opportunity to submit a letter to meet Nian Qianyao, and became Nian Qianyao's temporary guest. Wang Jingqi traveled west this time, and there are two volumes of "Essays on the Western Expedition of the Reading Hall", which are dedicated to Nian Qianyao's collection. Nian Qianyao offended the copyist, and "Essays on the Western Expedition" was confiscated into the palace.

After reading it, Yongzheng gritted his teeth and inscribed on the homepage: "Paradox and madness, so far! Unfortunately, it was too late to see this book, so I left it to wait for another day, so that this kind of fish must not slip through the net." ”

is about to mention the death of the cunning rabbit and the cooking of the lackey, which is supposed to remind Nian Qianyao. Yongzheng was resentful because of this, but he wanted to show his filial piety, and the edict only called Wang Jingqi to write poems to ridicule Emperor Shengzuren, which was a great rebellion. So Wang Jingqi was convicted and beheaded, and his skull was displayed in Beijing Caishikou for ten years. His wife and children were sent to Heilongjiang to be enslaved by Manchurian soldiers; his brothers, uncles and nephews were exiled to Ningguta; and all those who were alienated from his relatives were dismissed from their posts and handed over to the local magistrates of their hometowns for control. Due to the large number of people involved, there were even rumors of a massacre in Pinghu County, where Wang Jingqi lived, and residents fled in panic.

Also implicated in Nian Qianyao is the case of Qian Mingshi Famous Religious Criminal. Qian Mingshi Lianggong, a native of Wujin, Jiangsu, and Nian Qianyao are the same year as the township test, so they have friendships. In the second year of Yongzheng, the powerful Nian Qianyao entered Beijing to meet, and Qian Mingshi gave poems and praises, including "dividing Shaanxi Jingqi Zhou Zhaobo, from the Tiangu Jiaohan General", "Zhong Ding Ming Le Shan River Oath, Fanzang Yikan Second Monument" and other poems.

Nian Qianyao was punished, and of course Qian Mingshi was in a catastrophe. Yongzheng charged him with flattery and glorifying treachery. did not kill him, but only dismissed him and expelled him back to his hometown, but he also taught the sinner in the name of the imperial book, and ordered the local magistrate of Qian Mingshi's origin to make a plaque and hang it on the hall of Qian's house.

Yongzheng can think of any torture, and the four characters of the shameful and humiliating sinner not only make Qian Mingshi faceless, but also make his children and grandchildren unable to raise their heads. Yongzheng also ordered the prefect of Changzhou and the prefect of Wujin to go to Qian's house on the first and fifteenth days of each month to check the hanging of the plaque, and if it was not hung, it would be reported to the governor to play the Ming punishment.

This is not enough, when Qian Mingshi left Beijing, Yongzheng ordered Beijing officials from the university scholars, Jiuqing and below to make satirical poems for Qian Mingshi, and a total of 385 people were edicted to compose poems. After Yongzheng looked at them one by one, he handed over Qian Mingshi to compile them into a special collection, entitled "Poems of Famous Sinners", which was printed and distributed to schools across the country, so that everyone in the world could know. Praise those who write satirical poems that are tasteful enough, and punishment if they are not tasteful enough.

There is a sentence in the poem of Chen Wance: "The famous world has the same name as the world, and the bright work is not the same as the bright work." The wording is scathing, the sentence is clever, and it has been praised by Yongzheng. And Wu Xiaodeng, the Hanlin attendant, was assigned to Ningguta as a slave to the armored people because of the fallacy of the poems. Among the poets, there is a man named Zha Siting, who criticized Qian Mingshi's century-old legacy and insulted hairpins; and Xie Jishi, who criticized Qian Mingshi's treachery since ancient times, and finally exposed; but soon, they suffered with it, and the slaves of the country were turned into pigs and dogs, and they were still inevitably devoured.