Is Fukangan Qianlong's illegitimate son? Fukangan, a native of the Yellow Banner in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty, the name Yaolin, the name Jingzhai, the nephew of Empress Xiaoxian of Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, and the son of Fu Heng, a scholar of the Baohe Palace and the minister of military aircraft, gave the title of prince of the county.

During the Qianlong period, he served as a guard, awarded the Ministry of Household Books, the Minister of Military Aircraft, and later served as the official of the feudal territory. He was a strong martial artist, suppressed popular uprisings many times, and made many military achievements. Later, he was named Beizi, and the official was a scholar of Wuyingdian University. Because he was extremely favored by Qianlong, it was rumored that he was Qianlong's illegitimate son.

In the Qianlong Dynasty, Empress Xiaoxian's maiden family, the Fucha family, was indeed one of the most prominent eunuchs at that time. As for whether there was an ambiguous relationship between Qianlong and Mrs. Fu Heng, whether Fu Heng's son Fukangan was Qianlong's illegitimate son or not, it has become a major historical mystery.

The relationship between Qianlong and Fu Heng does have many puzzling points. Fu Kangan's father, Fu Heng, was the brother of Empress Xiaoxian after Qianlong. Fu Heng's wife is a famous beauty in Manchuria, and when she entered the palace to see Qianlong, she took a fancy to Qianlong, and the two had a personal relationship, and the child she gave birth to was Fukangan. Fu Heng was deeply favored by Qianlong because of the triple relationship of sister, wife, and son, and was a very popular minister, an official to a scholar, participated in secrets, and served as the prime minister of peace for a total of 23 years.

In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong, Fu Heng led an army to attack Burma, contracted a miasma and returned, and soon died of illness. Qianlong personally went to Fu Heng's mansion to mourn, thinking that he was the younger brother of Empress Xiaoxian, loyal to himself, led an expedition, worked tirelessly, and was full of grief, calling him the minister of the society, and said meaningfully in the mourning poem: "The life of loyalty and bravery, the reputation of the family, your son and my son will be taught and trained." ”

Fu Heng has a total of four sons. The eldest son, Fu Ling'an, was awarded the title of Jin Luo, and once followed Zhaohui to return to Xinjiang for meritorious service, and was promoted to the deputy capital of Manchuria under the White Banner. The second son, Fu Longan, was the head of the Feng and Shuo, and he was the secretary of the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Industry, and was named the Duke. The third son is Fukangan, his two brothers are horses, he has the most favor from Qianlong, but he did not marry the princess, people who don't know the inside story are surprised. At this time, he was the secretary of the Ministry of War, the minister in charge of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the title of prince and princess. Fu Heng's fourth son, Fu Chang'an, served as the head of the household department, and was later made a marquis. At that time, it was full of wealth and luxury, and it was beyond the reach of the dynasty.

Fu Heng was ignorant, and asked several times to let Fukangan marry the princess and be the forehead, but Qianlong just smiled and didn't allow it. This can't help but make people suspicious. Since Fukangan has been loved by Qianlong since he was a child, why did Qianlong not marry the princess to him, making him a prominent forehead? Is it because Fukangan was originally a dragon and had a blood relationship with the royal family?

In fact, Qianlong himself admitted that his relationship with Fukangan was like that of father and son, so the grace was extraordinarily grand. Fukangan was born in the eighteenth year of Qianlong, and since he was a child, Qianlong brought him to the inner court, raised him personally, and treated him like his own son. After Fukangan grew up, Qianlong entrusted him with an important task, sealing Beizi during his lifetime, and giving it to the king of the county after his death, becoming the most favored minister of a generation.

At the age of nineteen, Fukangan commanded the army with the Dingxi general Wen Fu to conquer Dajinchuan, and then served as the general of Jilin, the general of Shengjing, the general of CD, the governor of Sichuan, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, the governor of Liangguang, and the scholar of Wuyingdian University. He participated in major battles such as pacifying Jinchuan, suppressing Taiwan's Lin Shuangwen uprising, and repelling the Gurkha invasion.

Fukangan fought bravely and resourcefully, but lived a luxurious life, and the magistrates had to provide huge sums of money and goods to the army he commanded, and they sang all night, even on the battlefield. The front line is full of flesh and blood, and the handsome camp in Fukangan is still singing and dancing, and the aftermath is endless. Qianlong did not blame him at all.

In the Qing Dynasty, except for the military generals such as Wu Sangui and other military generals who made great achievements in pacifying the rebel forces in various places in the early Qing Dynasty, as well as the leaders of ethnic minorities such as Mongolia, Fukangan was the only one with a different surname to be crowned king. When Fukangan died, Qianlong wept for a long time, gave Wenxiang, posthumously presented the king of Jiayong County, and deserved to enjoy the Taimiao.

Therefore, many people are amazed by Qianlong's special favor to Fukangan, and then wonder if there is an unusual special relationship between the two, such as some people speculate that Fukangan is Qianlong's illegitimate son, Qianlong has long wanted to crown him as king, so that he can enjoy glory and wealth like princes. It's just that because of family law, I can't do it. So he ordered Fukangan to lead the army to fight and establish military merits, which was the basis for the king.

Therefore, every time Fukangan went on an expedition, Qianlong carefully selected generals for him and selected a strong team to make him win. The other generals also catered to Qianlong's will, deliberately not winning and fighting for merit, in order to return to Fukangan. Qianlong first named him Beizi, but Fukangan ended up as the king after all, so he gave him the king of the county. Some people also made poems sarcastically saying: "The family swallows the heavy pepper room, and the dragon seed descends below for no reason; ”

However, saying that Fukangan is Qianlong's illegitimate son lacks first-hand evidence after all, so it is not possible to draw conclusions about it. However, one thing is clear, even if there are really all kinds of hidden feelings between him and Mrs. Fu Heng, it does not mean that he has no love for Empress Xiaoxian. Perhaps it is precisely because Fukangan is the nephew of Empress Xiaoxian, and his personality is very compatible with Qianlong, so the emperor loves it very much.

Fu Heng, Fukangan father and son, and the Manchurian Fucha clan were all important ministers of the Qianlong Dynasty. The Fucha clan was originally known as the Fuerhacha clan, and it was abbreviated as the Fucha clan after the dragon entered the customs.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Fulkhacha family was a very small tribe, belonging to the jurisdiction of the Dong'e tribe, the Ming Dynasty at that time had begun to come to an end, the Great Wall was in an era of historical change, the Ming Dynasty was declining, so that the emerging Manchu, Mongolian, Han and other ethnic groups outside the Great Wall a group of landlord class rise, this group of emerging landlord class, in the vast north of China, the prancing horse bent bow, The development of their respective forces, they are moving from scattered groups to a great alliance, and this process of union is also a very fratricidal evolution. The tribes swarmed, each fighting for the king, bullying the weak with the strong, and fighting with the tyranny of the widows.

The two most famous people in the Fucha family appeared in the Qianlong Dynasty, namely Fu Heng and Fukangan father and son.

Fu Heng, belonging to the Manchurian Yellow Banner, is the tenth son of Li Rongbao, and his name is Chunhe. Born in the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi, he belongs to the sheep. The younger brother of Empress Xiaoxianchun, the Empress of Emperor Qianlong, and the father of Fukangan, the king of Jiayong County. At the age of six, he entered the study to accompany him, and at the age of thirteen he was sent to the Mongolian Library to study, and he and Emperor Qianlong were both studying together and being a relative. Emperor Qianlong is very smart, Fu Heng is more than loyal, one is a gentleman, the other is a minister, the monarch and the minister complement each other, complement each other, one has a vision to use people, the other is willing to work for the head, and the friendship between the two is very good.

Fu Heng received a strict Manchu orthodox education since he was a child, and he was proficient in Manchu and Mongolian, but he could not speak Chinese well, except for speaking Chinese in the Great Dynasty or on important occasions, he generally spoke Manchu. Even the national language of Emperor Qianlong was not good by Fu Heng. Sometimes above the imperial court, Fu Hengyi was in a hurry to answer the emperor's questions in Manchu.

In the Yonggan and Yonggan dynasties, the Manchus were honored to speak Chinese, while Han officials were honored to be able to listen, speak, and write Manchu. Therefore, in the great imperial court, the Manchu and Chinese languages were often mixed. It doesn't matter what language the Manchu and Han officials used to answer the emperor's words. Sometimes southern officials also speak local Chinese, sometimes the Taihe Hall is like a tea talk, a hodgepodge of heaven and earth, very lively, and the emperor is still very tolerant.

Fu Heng was initially awarded the guard, and then he rose to prominence, progressing to the Minister of the Interior, the right squire of the Household Department, the Walking of the Military Aircraft Department, the Minister of the Interior, the Secretary of the Household Department, the President of the Huidian Pavilion, and the Minister of the Guard, the scholar of the Baohe Palace, this promotion process has only been more than six years, and the age is only in his twenties, which can really be said to be a young and rich man.

He is peaceful by nature, kind-hearted, and diligent. In the past 20 years, he has been politically tolerant of his colleagues and acts impartially. He has never been arrogant and arrogant in the pepper room, so his official style has a good reputation.

Fu Heng served as the chief military minister in the Qianlong Dynasty for the longest time. Emperor Qianlong reigned for 60 years, then became Emperor Taishang for 3 years, and actually controlled the imperial power for 63 years. During his reign, three of the chief military ministers served for a longer period of time. In the early days of Ortai, from the first year to the tenth year, eleven years before and after, he was actually a popular man in the Yongzheng Dynasty, and he was a transitional figure between the two dynasties.

After that, Fu Heng, from the fourteenth year to the thirty-fifth year of his death, twenty-two years before and after, and then Ah Gui, from the forty-fifth year to the second year of Jiaqing, eighteen years before and after. During this period, Naqin, Yin Jishan, Liu Tongxun, Yu Minzhong, and He Shen successively served as transitional chief military aircraft, the short such as Yin Jishan was only nine months, and the long such as Yu Minzhong was only six years. In terms of the time spent as the chief military aircraft, Fu Heng alone occupies one-third, which can be called the ivy of the chief military aircraft.

The Qing Dynasty did not have a prime minister, and after Emperor Yongzheng set up the Military Aircraft Department, the power of the imperial court was concentrated from the cabinet to the Military Aircraft Department. Therefore, the chief military minister is actually equivalent to the prime minister. Of course, the chief military minister is not the same as the emperor's favored minister. In the late Qianlong period, Ah Gui sat in the top spot in the military aircraft for a long time, but the civil and military forces of the Manchu Dynasty knew that the emperor was most favored by He Shen, not Ah Gui.

Fu Heng was indeed deeply favored by Emperor Qianlong. In the whole Qing Dynasty, there were very few Zaifu who were added to the three princes of Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao, and Fu Heng was one of them; at that time, the Ziguang Pavilion displayed the portraits of 100 meritorious heroes, and Fu Heng was ranked first; he was twice promoted to the first-class duke, and Fu Heng was unique in the Qianlong Dynasty.

Speaking of Fu Heng, it is impossible not to mention his sister, Empress Xiaoxianchun, the wife of Emperor Qianlong. Emperor Qianlong ordained two empresses in his lifetime, and Fucha was the first empress. Unlike the latter Empress Wulanala who angered Emperor Qianlong by cutting her hair, the Fucha clan has always been favored by the emperor.

After marrying Hongli, who had already been designated as the crown prince, the Fucha clan showed a unique simplicity and virtue. She never wore gold and silver on weekdays, but used Tongcao velvet flowers as her own ornaments, and every year she also used traditional Kanto techniques to make a purse of deer lamb fine velvet and give it to the emperor. The Fucha clan is pure and natural, and the ancestors inherit the original, and win the love of Hongli.

Once Emperor Qianlong fell ill, for more than three months, the Fucha clan waited outside the emperor's bedroom every night, taking care of them carefully and thoughtfully. She is the head of the six palaces, filial piety to the queen mother, and caress the concubines, winning praise from the inner palace. With such a virtuous helper, Emperor Qianlong was able to get rid of complicated family affairs and concentrate on handling court affairs.

He said: "I was able to concentrate on state affairs, and I was able to calmly register the government when I had spare time, and it was the help of the queen. ”

Emperor Qianlong loved his wife and son, and successively designated her youngest sons, Yonglian, the second son, and Yongcong, the seventh son of the emperor, as the heirs to the throne, but these two sons died in the third and twelfth years of Qianlong. The two beloved sons returned to the west, which caused a huge blow to the Fucha family's body and mind, and she died in Dezhou, Shandong Province in the thirteenth year of Qianlong's journey to the east.

After the loss of his beloved wife, Emperor Qianlong issued a decree that no work should be done for nine days, and the civil and military officials below the prince would stay for 27 days, and in addition to the laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu and Han civil and military officials were not allowed to shave their heads for 100 days. The edict ordered civil and military officials from other provinces to take off their crowns and gather in the public office to mourn for three days from the day they received the edict.

Emperor Qianlong agreed to Fucha's request before his death and gave her the title of filial piety. On the occasion of mourning his deceased wife, Emperor Qianlong wrote the mournful "Narrative of Sorrow", leaving behind the sad groan of "the eternal secret of pain, separated by yin and yang;

The Fucha clan was so favored by Emperor Qianlong, and his brother Fu Heng was also greatly stained. However, Fu Heng is very different from the dizzy people among the nobles, he is not arrogant and forgetful because he is the emperor's brother-in-law, he is very cautious. In the early years of Qianlong, the emperor did not summon the ministers of the military aircraft department at the same time, and the general monarchs and ministers were alone, whenever Fu Heng was summoned, in order to avoid the special relationship with the emperor, Fu Heng always claimed to be unknowledgeable, and asked the ministers of military aircraft to join him. After dinner, the emperor consulted and summoned him to inquire and discuss alone. Therefore, the people of the time called Fu Heng the evening face.

After accepting the emperor's will, the minister of the Military Aircraft Department retired and drafted the edict alone, and it was Fu Heng's turn to always order other minor officials of the Military Aircraft Department to draft it together, and then present it to the emperor. Fu Hengtan is frank, tries his best to avoid suspicion, and gets along with the left and right, which is quite popular.

If Fu Heng is favored, mainly because the emperor and him are uncles, then he can be favored, especially after the death of his sister Empress Fucha, he is still relied on by Emperor Qianlong as a confidant, mainly because he has good morality, has the courage to do things, and does not take credit or invite rewards, always cautious and careful, holding his tail between his legs, and not putting on the prestige of the emperor's brother-in-law and chief military minister.

Fu Heng has a delicate appearance, handsome and chic, and his sister Empress Fucha is beautiful and dignified, virtuous and reasonable, and is deeply favored by Emperor Qianlong. Therefore, there was no wind and waves in the harem in the early Qianlong period. Fu Heng is a genuine uncle of the country, because he is diligent in his work, he will soon become the prime minister.

The first mission was a probationary period given to him by the emperor, and he was very clever to go to Zhang Tingyu first to ask for advice on how to do things. After receiving instructions, he made open and secret investigations along the way, grasped the people's situation, the economy, public security, taxation, culture and education, and discovered serious problems such as serious land annexation, the prevalence of the White Lotus Sect, and the chaos of official governance. Every few days, he wrote down what he saw on the road to the emperor. You must know how much the emperor needs this first-hand information when he has just ascended the throne, and with the grasp of these circumstances, his policy strategy will be more clear and effective.

The second mission was the battle of Heicha Mountain. With the help of Li Shuyao, he led 500 people to raid in the starry night and broke the high anti-thieves. It embodies outstanding military and personnel talents.

The third time he sent a big envoy to Shanxi to investigate a corruption case, the result was that both the original defendant and the defendant were high-ranking officials in the current court, and they bit each other, and almost all the officials in Shanxi Province were dragged to the yamen of Taiyuan Prefecture to testify. At that time, it was a harsh winter, the snow was heavy, and the hungry people were starving everywhere, but all the officials were involved in this case, and the whole province could not do anything.

The emperor successively sent Yang Sijing, Sun Jiafu, and Fu Heng to investigate the case, and finally the three of them were tried in the same court. In the court, the original defendant scuffled, and Yang Sijing destroyed the evidence on the spot, and performed a lively all-martial arts.

The fourth great mission envoy pacified the size of Jinchuan. It was a battle situation left over from the Yongzheng period, which took ten years and tens of millions of silver taels, and took the lives of countless generals and soldiers but made no progress. Qianlong sent Qingfu and Zhang Guangsi, but the result was a big defeat, and it didn't matter if he was defeated, but he lied in the twists and turns and said that he had won the battle, and he wanted to kill the two generals who knew about it.

Fu Heng and others saw the flaws in the compromise, and it was only after Ah Gui fled for his life that he came back to tell the truth, and the truth was revealed. So he sent his relatives again, but the result was also a big defeat, and what was even worse was that like last time, not only did he falsely report a big victory, but also killed Zhaohui and Hailancha. But this time, thanks to Li Shiyao's secret folding, he explained the truth. So he sent Fu Heng again.

After Fu Heng won a battle in Jinchuan, the two sides still settled the war by reconciliation. At this time, Fu Heng was already the first prime minister most trusted by the emperor and most respected by all officials. What is rare is that he is never proud of his achievements, which makes people feel like a spring breeze. He admired and vigorously promoted Liu Yong, Ji Yun, Li Shiyao, A Gui and others. These people eventually became the pillars of the country.

The death of the Empress of the Fucha clan due to the pain of losing her son was a huge blow to the Fucha clan. Soon, Fu Heng, who was tired and tired, also fell ill, and his son Fukangan took over to lead the troops around him. Fu Heng's death hit Qianlong very hard, as if he had lost his arm. Liu Yong, Ji Xiaolan, A Gui and others were suddenly embattled, and the court also experienced a big shock.