"How old is he?" Shangguan Che asked again. Pen Fun Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

"Nine years old. Jiang Yuetang hurriedly replied.

"Then he's going to participate in the junior strategist promotion tournament this year, right?"

The last edition was five years ago, when Tong Wenxian was only four years old, and the competition required people to be at least five years old to register, and it was clear that he had not yet met this qualification.

"Yes, but he's been learning chess for almost five years, so he's at a much higher level than me. ”

"Well, then you might as well talk to him often. Shangguan Che said, continuing to bow his head and drink tea.

Jiang Yuetang also drank tea, and quietly peeked at Shangguan Che from time to time, and the more she looked at it, the more she felt that he was good-looking, and she couldn't help but think in her heart - I don't know who is lucky enough to marry such a beautiful person as a teacher.

Shangguan Che saw that she looked at him from time to time, that look cute and naughty, and his heart was happy, and he couldn't help but reach out and touch her head, and said, "Isn't it beautiful?"

The little guy nodded busily and said, "It's beautiful." ”

Shangguan Che sneered again, leaned over to her, stared at her little face and asked softly, "Does Yueting like teachers?"

The little one's smile suddenly froze, and the little face immediately turned red, and it took a while before nodding his head slightly.

Mei Xiang, who was standing on the side, widened her eyes when she heard this, and thought to herself, it's over, Teacher Shangguan, is ...... Ahem, if Madame knew, she would be worried.

Thinking of this, Mei Xiang hurriedly coughed lightly.

Shangguan Che slowly let go of the hand resting on Jiang Yuetang's head, adjusted his sitting posture slightly, and said, "Next, we will talk about the Fa family." ”

The little guy also immediately straightened his sitting posture and said, "Okay." ”

Shangguan Che looked at her and said: "Legalism is a school of thought that studies the way of governing the country, advocating taking the legal system as the core, enriching the country and strengthening the army as its own responsibility, taking the 'law' as the means for the monarch to govern the world, and using the 'law' to restrain the behavior of the people." Legalism emphasizes the rule of law, not being close to each other, not being noble and lowly, and breaking off from the law. ”

Seeing Jiang Yuetang frowning slightly, Shangguan Che hurriedly asked with concern, "What's wrong?"

The little guy shuddered when he heard the thoughts of the Legalists and suddenly remembered a kind of torture he had heard from others before, and his brows furrowed.

She smiled and shook her head, "It's nothing, the teacher will continue to talk." ”

Shangguan Che continued: "The idea of Legalism originated from the politician Guan Zhong of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period, he boldly reformed, strictly enforced law and discipline, and paid special attention to the role of rewards and punishments. By the time of the Warring States Period, Li Kui, Shang Ying, Shen Dao, Shen Bu and others vigorously developed it, and Legalist thought gradually formed a school. At the end of the Warring States period, Han Fei synthesized their doctrines and made Legalist thought a whole. ”

"Legalists believe that everyone is good at profit and avoid disadvantage, and pursues the satisfaction of feelings/officials/desires/hopes, and needs to be restrained in order to maintain social stability, so they use the law to 'settle disputes' and 'promote merit and fear violence'. 'Dividing and stopping disputes' refers to clarifying the ownership of goods so as to avoid disputes, and 'promoting meritorious deeds and fearing violence' refers to encouraging people to make meritorious deeds so that lawbreakers will feel afraid. Do you understand?"

"Yes. The little one said busily.

Shangguan Che continued: "There were three factions in the early stage of the Legalists, among which Shang Ying emphasized 'law', prudence emphasized 'potential', and Shen did not harm 'technique'. ”

"The Warring States statesman Shang Ying once made the Qin State a rich and powerful country through 'changing the law', he changed the law into a law, formulated the Qin law, severely punished private fighting, ordered military law, and rewarded military merits. Under his vigorous promotion, the people realized the power of the law. ”

"Shen Zhi, a famous scholar of the Warring States Period, was one of the founders of Legalism who came out of Taoism, and he advocated that 'the people are one to the king, and the matter is judged by the law', that is, people should obey the orders of the monarch, and the monarch should act according to the law. He attached great importance to "power" and believed that the premise of the monarch to ensure the smooth implementation of the law was to grasp power. He likened the monarch to a flying dragon and the power to a cloud, which needs the help of clouds and mist to fly to the sky. If the clouds clear, the dragon will be like an earthworm on the ground. He also said that if there was no power, the people would not obey the orders of even the most respectable people. After that, Shangguan Che asked Jiang Yuetang: "Do you see the essence of the 'potential'?"

Jiang Yuetang pondered for a moment and replied, "Is it suppressed with power?"

Shangguan Che smiled slightly: "Well, it can also be said to be a deterrent to power. ”

"Understood. ”

"Another founder of Legalism in the Warring States Period, Shen Buxian, emphasized that the monarch needed to use 'art' when controlling and driving his subordinates, emphasizing that the monarch mainly used 'yang art' when governing the country, but sometimes he also used 'yin art'. The main purpose of 'art' was to help the monarch rule, defend, monitor, and spy on the secrets of his courtiers and people. ”

Han Fei believed that 'law', 'potential' and 'technique' were indispensable, so he closely combined the three and wrote the book "Han Feizi". In this book, Han Fei summarized the thoughts of various legalists and put forward the ideological theory of the centralization of the monarch's autocracy. In "Han Feizi: The Right of Things", he believed that "things are in the four directions, and they should be in the center, and the sages should insist on it, and the four sides will follow"; in "Han Feizi: The Lord of the People", he also wrote, "The lord of ten thousand times, the king of a thousand times, so those who rule the world and conquer the princes will also be powerful with their might", believing that the monarch must be powerful and powerful if he governs the country. ”

The representative figures of Legalism include Guan Zhong, Zichan, Shang Ying, Xun Kuang, Li Kui, Han Fei and Qin Shi Huang, and those who prefer the rule of law include Zhuge Liang, Yang Guang and Wang Anshi. ”

"Wei Wenhou Li Kui once compiled a book, called the Book of Law, which is the first relatively complete legal code in China, but unfortunately it has been lost. Other related classics of Legalism include Guanzi, Shangjunshu, Shenzi, Shenzi, Han Feizi, Treatise on Law, and Treatise on Ruan Zizheng. ”

Shangguan Che scribbled the title of the book on the paper.

The little one quietly looked at his handsome face.

After writing, Shangguan Che said: "Legalists oppose the use of Confucianism to educate students, and advocate that students learn practical knowledge of laws and regulations, farming, and warfare. ”

The little guy said, "Teacher, I don't think it's good to only learn the knowledge of laws, farming, and warfare, and people should also learn some poetry, books, etiquette, and music to improve their cultivation and cultivate their sentiments." ”

Shangguan Che said approvingly: "Well said. So, the teacher would like to hear your analysis of the pros and cons of Legalism. ”

The little one hurriedly pondered.

Shangguan Che poured tea into her small teacup, then paced to the window to look outside.

After a while, the little guy turned to him and said, "The use of Legalist ideas and theories to govern the country can consolidate the position of the monarch, maintain social stability, and facilitate the implementation of policies, but it seems to ignore the moral cultivation of people. ”

Shangguan Che approached her and said, "Yes, it is good to govern the country according to law, but moral education is also an important factor in maintaining social order, and both are indispensable. So, looking at the ideas of Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism, which do you think is the most ideal way to govern the country?"

Without hesitation, the little guy said, "It's best to combine the three." ”

"Yes. Shangguan Che said, and said sincerely: "Yueting is so smart!"

..........

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