The classic classics of Confucianism include "Book of Songs", "Book of Songs", "Spring and Autumn", "Rites", "Book of Rites", "Analects", "Zhou Yi", "Book of Filial Piety", "Zhou Li", "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography", "Spring and Autumn Liang Biography", "Erya" and "Mencius", a total of thirteen books, so it is called "Thirteen Classics". Pen Fun Pavilion www.biquge.info"

Shangguan Che said as he listed the titles of these books on a blank piece of paper with a pen, and then handed them to Jiang Yuetang.

Jiang Yuetang hurriedly took it with both hands.

"You should read these books carefully after class, and I will check them. ”

He doesn't like to talk about it from the book, and he knows that it is not suitable for a little baby like her, and there is not enough time.

"Uh-huh. The little one nodded repeatedly.

Looking at her serious and cute appearance, Shangguan Che couldn't help but reach out and touch her head, and said softly: "If you encounter something you don't understand, mark it down, and ask me in the next class." ”

"Good. ”

Shangguan Che poured himself a cup of tea, drank it all in one gulp, and said, "Okay, let's talk about Taoism." ”

The little one immediately straightened his posture and looked at him with a serious face.

"Taoism is a school of thought in the pre-Qin period, with 'Tao', 'nothing', 'nature', and 'nature' as the core ideas, believing that heaven does nothing and Taoism is natural, and advocates governing by non-action, guarding male with female, and overcoming rigidity with softness. Its representative figures include Fuxi, Nu Snail, Shennong, Yellow Emperor, Lao Tzu, Zhuangzi and Shen Dao. ”

"Uh-huh. ”

"Taoists believe that the Tao is the origin of the universe and that it can rule everything in the universe. Lao Tzu said: "There are things that are mixed, and they are born from nature." Lonely, independent and unchanging, Zhou Xing without dying, can be the mother of the world. I don't know its name, the word is called Dao, the name of Qiangwei is called "great", which means that "Dao" is a substance, it existed before the formation of heaven and earth, it has no sound, it has no shape, it exists independently in the universe, it never changes, it repeats itself and never stops. ”

"Is it something like air?" asked the little one.

"It can be said that but it is not air, it is a kind of mysterious thing that integrates yin and yang, so Lao Tzu believes that 'Tao' is the 'nothing' of formlessness and imagelessness, and the "Zhuangzi" also says: 'The Tao of the Husband, there is affection and faith, and there is no formless; This is Zhuangzi's understanding of the Tao, and he also believes that the Tao is something that is invisible but real. ”

The little guy opened his big eyes and sighed: "This 'Dao' is really ethereal!"

Shangguan Che sneered: "Mmmm," and then said: "'Man is the law of the earth, the earth is the law of the sky, the heaven is the law of the Tao, and the Tao is the law of nature', here, 'the Tao of the nature' means that all things in the universe and all living beings have their own ways of survival, and they nurture each other without harming each other, and go hand in hand without contradicting each other. Yueting, tell me about your understanding of 'Taoism and Nature'. ”

"For example, the flowers, grasses, stones, mountains, rivers, earth, and blue sky that we see with our eyes have their own growth laws, but they all exist at the same time. The little one replied.

Shangguan Che smiled again and said, "That's right, everything that has not been artificially processed can be called natural things, and the 'Dao' advocates conforming to nature and nature. ”

"Understood. ”

Books that reflect Taoist thought include the Tao Te Ching, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Wenzi, Tianzi, Huangji Jingshi, The Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor, and Lao Laizi. Shangguan Che didn't stop talking in his hands, and soon wrote the names of these books on a blank piece of paper.

Then he said: "Lao Tzu said in the Tao Te Ching: 'The softest in the world, the strongest in the world. Nothing enters into the world, and I do it with knowing nothing. It means that the weakest things in the world can move freely through the strongest things in the world, such as water. Intangible things can penetrate tangible things that have no gaps, such as air. As a result, Lao Tzu understood the truth that weakness is better than strength and the benefits of 'doing nothing'. ”

"Uh-huh. ”

"'The wind blows constantly, the teeth fall and the tongue lasts', 'Shourou' seems to be weak and incompetent, but it is also a kind of wisdom of life, Yueting, can you cite a few examples of benefiting or avoiding disasters because of 'Shourou'?"

The little guy thought for a moment and said: "If you know that there is someone who is extremely difficult to provoke, you will take the initiative to stay away, and if you really can't avoid it, you will show a supple and respectful attitude everywhere, so that the other party can eliminate the meaning of provocation." ”

"Uh-huh. He nodded, and then said: "In the Tao Te Ching, it is also said: 'The husband only does not fight, so the world can not fight with him', which means that because he does not fight, no one in the world can compete with him. 'Indisputable' is in line with the Taoist Tao, those who have attained the Tao will help more, and the more help will be invincible in the world, so Taoism advocates the rule of inaction. ”

The little one nodded.

"Tao Te Ching" also says: 'If you don't want to be quiet, the world will be self-determined', believing that as long as there is no strong desire and persistent thoughts, people can keep the right path and the world can be stable, which is the 'few desires' advocated by the Tao. ”

"Understood. ”

"Do you remember the article you wrote a few days ago?" Shangguan Che asked.

The little guy nodded, and then asked in surprise, "How does the teacher know that I have written an article?"

Shangguan Che smiled and said, "Your father came to me and brought it to me the day he showed it." ”

"Oh. She suddenly had the feeling that her ugly daughter-in-law was seeing her family.

Shangguan Che said softly: "'Heaven and earth are not benevolent, and all things are used as dogs' This sentence is from Lao Tzu's "Tao Te Ching", now, can you explain the meaning of this sentence from the perspective of Taoism in combination with the teacher's previous explanation?" and said: "It is different from your father's explanation this time." ”

The little guy thought for a while, and said: "Heaven and earth believe that the decline and prosperity of all things have their own laws, not caused by heaven and earth, so let them die on their own and do not interfere. ”

"Well, this is the 'Tao of Nature'. ”

"Understood, thank you, teacher!"

Shangguan Che said again: "Now, tell the teacher about the similarities and differences between Confucianism and Taoism." ”

The little one immediately pondered.

Shangguan Che picked up a piece of corn cake and tasted it slowly.

About a quarter of an hour later, the little guy said: "Confucianism emphasizes self-cultivation, perfection of personality, and salvation of the world and the people, while Taoism emphasizes conformity with nature, purity of heart, and quiet inaction." As for the similarities, it seems that neither of them advocates war. ”

Shangguan Che smiled and said, "That's right, I would like to add three points - Confucianism emphasizes promising, and Taoism emphasizes inaction." Confucianism focuses on people's spiritual education, while Taoism focuses on the harmony of people's body and mind. Both Confucianism and Taoism advocate the unity of heaven and man. ”

"Thank you, teacher!"

Jiang Yuetang then whispered again: "Teacher, I went to the opposite street this afternoon to find a friend to play Go." ”

Shangguan Che, who was drinking tea, put down the teacup and asked with a smile, "Really, how is it going?"

"Lost. ”

"What level of chess skills has your little friend reached?"

"It's about five pins. ”

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