In the beginning, science was a human activity formed by induction. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

When I lit a campfire at night, and some worm hit the fire, picked it up and chewed it, and crunchy, I thought, "Why do some worms hit the fire stupidly?" Is it because they are stupid? Or is it because God knows I'm hungry and gives me worms to eat?

After a long period of summing up, the bug-eaters finally came to a conclusion, because no matter what I do, the bugs will hit the fire, so it's obviously not because of God, so, it's just that the bugs are stupid.

Later, it was discovered that many bugs were navigated by moonlight, so that they were misdirected to the light source, which once again confirmed the conclusion that the bugs were stupid.

The process of conjecture, induction, confirmation, and finally conclusion is how most scientific research is conducted.

G protein-coupled receptors are high-end, but their research process is actually like this.

It's like climbing the Himalayas, although it requires all kinds of equipment and preparation, but in the final analysis, there is no essential difference between climbing Mount Tai or the small mountain bag in the next village.

However, there are reasons for high-end.

Like the G protein-coupled receptor, it's now stuck on the first step.

Guess.

Yes, just as humans don't know about Mars and can only guess what's up there, what's underground, and what's in its composition, G protein-coupled receptors are also in the midst of complicated speculation for humans.

People come up with all sorts of conjectures and don't know if they've missed a million conjectures that might be true.

So, how to solve this problem?

Just like ancient humans, we observe.

More, more, more observations......

Before bovine rhodopsin, humans didn't even have the opportunity to observe.

Because G protein-coupled receptors are very unstable, they are difficult to extract, isolate, purify, and observe......

It's so much trouble in the microcosm that you can't clip it out with tweezers, and even if you have that ability, you don't know which one you need to clip out because you can't make out it.

For nanoscale proteins, the only way to observe them is to make them into a solution, continuously dilute them, and then extract a small amount of the solution for observation.

For example, dissolve 2 grams of protein powder in 100 ml of liquid...... However, the problem of protein agglomeration needs to be solved, and for G protein-coupled receptors, the more troublesome part is still to come.

This thing is unstable, it will collapse in solution.

Think about it, a single scientific research dog, gave up the Mid-Autumn Festival, no Christmas Eve, forgot Christmas, couldn't celebrate the Spring Festival, and finally on February 14, with years of practiced hand speed, while a furnace of warm G protein-coupled receptors has not yet reacted, they were shot under the microscope, and then ......

They still collapsed.

It is useless to find the desperate volume of the single scientific research dog at this time - knock on the blackboard, draw the key points, and find out the shadow area, which is a practice problem for junior high school students, the shadow area is the projection area of the object, unless the object is regular, otherwise, the projection area cannot be used to find the volume.

And for the method of finding the volume of the irregular body of despair, the best reference is Archimedes:

When an object is placed in water, the volume of water discharged is the volume of the object.

But what if despair dissolves in water, what if despair collapses in solution? Why can't I find a solution that doesn't react with despair?

So desperate!!

All in all, before bovine rhodopsin, human observation of G protein-coupled receptors was such an endless cycle.

Even observation is an endless loop, and even a step of conjecture cannot be fully carried out.

However, a little fragmented result is better than nothing.

It is such a fragmented result, and the Nobel Prize is not hesitant to give, and several are also given.

Wait until bovine rhodopsin is born.

The big names in the biological world finally breathed a sigh of relief: there were finally enough moths for us to have a good meal...... No, we can take a good look.

However, Dana is a Dana after all.

Dana is insatiable.

Therefore, there are always laboratories that can't hold back the idea that a moth doesn't feel enough, will it be monotonous to eat every day, and what if it is constipated.

In addition, it is only the observation stage, and we do not know how large the sample size is needed to observe, so it has not yet entered the white-hot spelling stage.

In fact, what you have to enter after all is to look at the number of several proteins.

If a lab finds a better observer, or more observers, they will be able to do more with less in the next research competition.

However, Yang Rui is very clear that they are thinking too much.

Bovine rhodopsin protein is the best.

In a way, it's unique.

The few that can barely be used, or the varieties that are found next, are either too expensive, not easy to use, or not widely available enough -- it doesn't matter if you use a more expensive variety or a sparse variety for another scientific research project.

It's a pity that the three-dimensional mechanism of G protein-coupled receptors is too lucky.

If you want to buy 5 million for 2 yuan, this kind of thing is good as an entertainment project, but if you expand the goal to 20 million dollars, it will be too much luck.

Therefore, in the conjecture stage, a sufficient amount of observation is essential.

From the very beginning, Yang Rui sent Su Xiankai, who was most familiar with the project and had the strongest comprehensive strength, to make bovine rhodopsin protein, that is, because he knew what the core of the problem was.

As an active calf and a big bull in later generations, Su Xiankai's creativity was also quickly stimulated.

All kinds of dry powder media, trypsin, bovine serum, and baskets of fresh bull's eyes are sent to the Peking University Ion Channel Laboratory, where they go through low-temperature ultracentrifuges, automatic gel chromatography instruments, and protein analyzers...... was then sent to the tunnel microscope to be observed, and the whole process was broken down step by step by Su Xiankai.

This is true of any production activity, with constant decomposition steps, continuous improvement of proficiency, and then continuous increase in output.

At the same time, as a laboratory and researcher, Su Xiankai was not satisfied with simple production.

Simplifying steps and even developing better production methods is what he insists on doing.

In this regard, Yang Rui is also quite admired.

If you change a researcher and are in the same position as Su Xiankai, maybe you will be resigned to your fate and start simple production, maybe in just a few years, such a researcher will become a simple research worker.

Su Xiankai is not like this.

He worked hard to study, starting from figuring out each production step, and then optimizing step by step, and these works were not directly copied by Yang Rui from the book, so Su Xiankai also did it effectively.

The output of bovine violetin protein has also doubled.

2 times.

4 times.

8 times.

Compared with the initial production capacity, Su Xiankai has unexpectedly increased it to as much as ten times.

This figure is far more than the first-class laboratories abroad.

Yang Rui also quietly breathed a sigh of relief.

Catching up and overtaking this kind of thing in an all-round way is never completed in an instant, but as long as the basic indicators catch up, no matter how weak the follow-up indicators are, they will not be much weaker.

Of course, just catching up with and surpassing first-class foreign laboratories is not Yang Rui's goal.

At the meeting that week, Yang Rui put forward the request again and wrote it directly on the blackboard in the conference room: "Congratulations to the bovine purple red proteomy for reaching new highs, please make persistent efforts to increase the output tenfold!"

Su Xiankai was busy until the end before entering the conference room, and the moment he saw the handwriting on the blackboard, he lost the courage to breathe.

"You just strangle me. Su Xiankai lay down on the chair and didn't want to move.

……