"Pedagogy" says: "Although in our society, after the elimination of the exploiting class as a class, the class struggle is no longer the main contradiction in our society, the class struggle will continue to exist for a long time within a certain scope, and the influence of bourgeois ideology and feudal ideology will also exist for a long time. This requires that the moral education of young students be strengthened, and schools should not only attach importance to educating young students in cultural and scientific knowledge, but also attach importance to educating them in communist ideology. ”

The ideological education contained in this passage can also be carried out well in the discipline of history. "History" is a true record of the development process of human society, it is complex, it is varied, and it is full of political, ideological, and scientific nature. It is an inexhaustible source of ideological education. We history teachers should make full use of this treasure house of ideological education to carry out conscious, obvious, and imperceptible education, and this is the glorious mission entrusted to us by the times.

That being the case, when we impart historical knowledge, what kind of ideological education should we use historical materials to educate our students? How should we proceed? The following is only a superficial understanding of the teaching practice of many years.

First, to carry out education in internationalism and patriotism

Patriotism refers to people's love for their homeland.

The connotation of patriotism is class and historical, and it has different nature and content in various stages of social development. We are talking here mainly about the patriotic education carried out to students in the socialist period at the present stage. This "patriotism of the new China is the deep love of the Chinese people for their great socialist motherland under the leadership of the Communist Party of China." Contribute all your spirit to the independence, prosperity and strength of the motherland".

Our patriotism in the new era has to use historical materials as "condiments", and it seems that the two are not related, but in fact, this is just a turn, and this bend depends on the ability of our history teachers. The key is to grasp the patriotism of the ancients in our country, not to mention the young people of the present era, that is, to take the patriotic ancients as an example and educate the students to study and inherit the patriotic spirit and traditions of the ancients. In this way, we can use a series of historical patriotic celebrities to influence students, Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period, Su Wu in the Han Dynasty, Zu Ti in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yue Fei in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong in the Ming Dynasty, Lin Zexu in the Qing Dynasty, Sun Yat-sen in the Republic of China, Chairman Mao and other great people and celebrities, they either exhausted their whole lives for the motherland or spilled their blood, they are worthy of being the outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, and it is precisely because of their strong patriotic spirit that the Chinese nation can survive and reproduce.

Internationalism is the spirit of solidarity and mutual support displayed by the proletariat and the toiling masses of the world, regardless of nationality or country, in their struggle for the common communist cause and the liberation of all mankind.

The content of the above-mentioned internationalism is a contemporary category, but there is also internationalism in the historical stage, although it is not called internationalism at that time, but it has the connotation of breaking through the boundaries between countries and supporting each other, typical examples are the Tang Dynasty, Japan's Abe Nakamaro (Han name Chao Heng) to China, China's Jianzhen monk went to Japan. During the Ming Dynasty, Matteo Ricci of the West went to China to impart scientific and technological knowledge on water conservancy, and all the way to Bethune of Canada and Collihua of India during the Anti-Japanese War, all of which embodied the spirit of internationalism and were a good education for students.

Through history classes, our students are educated in patriotism and internationalism, so that they can cherish the motherland and look to the world, establish a proletarian world outlook, and make due contributions to the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the cause of the liberation of all mankind.

Second, it is necessary to conduct education in dialectical materialism

Dialectical materialism is the worldview and methodology of the proletariat. It provides people with a powerful weapon to understand the world and transform it. Young people are in the period of gradually forming their world outlook, and it is very necessary and timely for us to educate students in dialectical materialism.

In addition to using political science classes to teach theories, it is natural for us to use history classes to teach in this area, but there are problems of "direct reflection" and "refraction". Because in ancient times, materialism and dialectical materialist methodology coexisted, and we can make full use of these historical materials to educate students, and those idealistic things need teachers to use counter-evidence to carry out positive education. Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching contains dialectical thought, because it believes that all kinds of things have opposites, and the two sides of opposites will transform each other. Xunzi was also a materialist thinker, he believed that there were certain laws in the changes of the natural world, and Wang Chong in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, who was an outstanding materialist thinker, and that religion itself was full of idealistic views, was deceitful and served the ruling class, which must be understood by the students.

Through the education of these historical materials, students will learn to seek truth from facts, adhere to the viewpoint of putting practice first, and learn to look at problems comprehensively. Dare to uphold the truth, dare to correct mistakes, grasp objective truth, enhance ideological awareness, view the world correctly, and handle things correctly.

Third, we should carry out education on fine traditions

China has a history of several thousand years of civilization, and our predecessors have left us many excellent moral qualities, and many fine traditions are worthy of being inherited by young students; this tradition is the most precious spiritual wealth left to us by our ancestors, and is the source of the tremendous strength of the younger generation to fulfill its historical mission. Confucius advocated that "knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing", advocating that "reviewing the old and learning the new" and so on have great enlightenment and guidance for students' learning attitudes and learning methods.

By using these to educate students, students can set up lofty ideals, cultivate their good sentiments, and work selflessly to have the courage to climb the heights of science.

As mentioned earlier, history is a true record of the development process of human society, which is rich and colorful, complex and colorful, and can be used as the best reference for our descendants. In addition to the above-mentioned three types of education, we can also carry out a variety of ideological education such as the collectivist viewpoint and the labor viewpoint, and we will not repeat them here.

In short, history classes are an important front for carrying out ideological education for students, and every history teacher must attach great importance to this point, so that teaching and educating people, teaching and entertaining, and giving full play to the special functions of history subjects, this is the bounden duty of history teachers.

August 1996)