Yang Zheng quietly integrated into logic at this time, hoping to bring about a literary and artistic revival in the near future of the Ming Dynasty.

He knew that at this time, due to the continuous invasion of Eastern Rome (Byzantium) by the Ottoman Empire that believed in Islam, the Eastern Romans fled to Western Europe with a large number of ancient Greek and Roman art treasures and books on literature, history, philosophy, etc. Some Eastern Roman scholars set up a school called the "Greek Academy" in Florence, Italy, to teach the glorious history, civilization and culture of Greece. This brilliant achievement is consistent with the comparison between the superiority and the darkness after the emergence of capitalism in the bud. As a result, many scholars in Western Europe demanded the restoration of ancient Greek and Roman culture and art. This demand is like a spring breeze, slowly blowing throughout Western Europe. The Renaissance movement arose.

In fact, today's Western world, its humanistic spirit and state system are nothing more than a copy of the ancient Greek and Roman eras, and the Italian Renaissance era, except for the addition of advanced science and technology, is no different from the era of ancient Greek city-states. In other words, if the Greek or Roman era had lasted longer, humanity would have progressed even more. This is the same in both the East and the West, unless there is an overwhelming superiority in science and technology, the higher civilizations will often be conquered by the lower ones, and it is not known how much time has passed when these lower civilizations have developed again.

The Germanic barbarians entered Rome only to plunder wealth, just as the Crusaders entered Constantinople and Jerusalem. The so-called bourgeoisie is just businessmen, doing business, exchanging goods, and it has appeared since human beings could not eat enough food. These businessmen traveled all over the known world at that time, broadened their horizons, understood the differences between different civilizations, understood that the world is not only one voice, the revival of humanism has been inevitable, Chinese civilization has developed for thousands of years, and by the time of the Ming Dynasty, it can be said that it has matured, and the difference is just an opportunity to cut in, and he wants to give this opportunity.

Aristotle's logic is a new and rigorous new field, he has a rigorous system, concepts and categories, judgments and propositions, proofs and fallacies, etc., scientifically elaborated, it can be said that logic is a tool for argumentation, this problem, Aristotle also noticed, so he named this discipline "Instrumental Theory", after that, he divided the argumentation of learning into 'induction from the individual to the universal' and 'deduction from the universal to the individual' two processes. He affirmed the former, arguing that induction is persuasive and easy to learn and use, but more emphasis is placed on deductive reasoning, and summarizes the syllogism of reasoning, which simply says, 'If A is B, and B is C, then A is also C.' ’

The remarkable significance of this seemingly simple process of derivation lies in the fact that it is more convenient to summarize the process of human thinking and reasoning into such abstract symbols, which is more convenient for rigorous logical reasoning and the study of its internal laws; moreover, he systematically analyzes and classifies the fallacies that may occur in the process of argumentation, and summarizes thirteen kinds of fallacies, which is of extraordinary significance for teaching people to carry out rigorous thinking and reasoning.

Because the conclusions reached by logical reasoning are objective and can stand the test...... It is both empirical and empirical—an objective truth that depends on axioms, rules of reasoning, and theorems, and the essence of this truth is also universal necessity, revealing the universal nature of things.

For European literature and art, Aristotle's logic has contributed a lot, creating a series of scientific revolutions, so that China, which has always been leading, began to lag behind the West, it can be said that it is the effect of this logic, he allows the world to gain an understanding of the truth of the unknown field in addition to debate, and to speak with facts, is undoubtedly the most powerful right to speak.

This is undoubtedly a more objective, less controversial, easier to understand, and easier to inherit method of understanding, and it is also the foundation for the establishment of the scientific system.

After thinking about it alone for a while, everyone has begun to have a strong interest in this knowledge, and it is no wonder that when Yang Zheng chose logic, he put it under the guise of exhaustive reasoning, and for Zhu Xi's doctrine, whether he likes it or not, he has a curious heart to take a peek, and this is exactly the effect that Yang Zheng wants.

"Exhaustively studying the truth of things, leading to the ultimate intellectual understanding. "Ge, Zhiye. Things, Judah also. Push to the reason of things, and want to be everywhere. "The so-called knowledge is in the object, and the words want to know the thing, and the thing is exhausted. The soul that covers people's hearts is not unknowable, and the things in the world are unreasonable. However, there is no end to reason, so there is no end to it. It is the beginning of teaching with the "University", so that the scholars, that is, all the things in the world, will benefit the poor because of their known principles, so as to seek it to the extreme. As for the long exertion, once it is suddenly penetrated, then the surface of all things is coarse, and the whole of my heart is useless. This is the personality of things, and this is the best thing to know. "Therefore, the way of knowledge is to look at things and reason, and to treat things with things. The one who is qualified, the extreme. Such as the character of "Ge Yu Wenzu", the words are poor to the extreme. “

Zeng Heling said loudly: "The things that Zhu Zi said include things in the natural world, but they are mainly social things, including reading books and dealing with people. For example, how to be filial to one's parents, how to be loyal to the monarch, and so on. Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Shouren believe that since the heart is the condensation of reason, the heart is also reason, so in order to understand reason, there is no need to examine external things! This seems to be different from what adults say, right?"

Yang Zheng said with a smile: "Since it is different, everyone in the world wants to obtain the way of the sages, but how much extravagance is to talk about nothingness, surprise is magical, is to know without the object, Xi epiphany is the purpose, and it is absurd and absurd, and the road to the truth is not far away?

"Recognize the essence of things?" Zeng Heling muttered, and suddenly raised his head and asked, "How can you see it?"

Yang Zheng saw that everyone was quite interested, and his initial worries were completely abandoned, and he thought for a while: "This is very simple, how about we test it?"

Zeng Heling asked, "How to test!"

Yang Zheng said: "It's very simple, I'll ask the question, you should deal with it?"

Zeng Heling was also a little interested, nodded and said, "Okay!"

Everyone nodded.

Yang Zheng thought for a while and said: "When I was a child, I met a rich man who was stingy and stingy, and everyone called him "Iron Rooster" behind his back - not a hair. Every year, he always smiled and said to the new long-term workers: "Work and manage it with me, and give you thirty catties of white flour at the end of the year." However, in a year, if I have to meet three conditions, one cannot meet the deduction, and if the three cannot be met, the salary will be deducted. ”

At first, everyone thought that the salary was quite good, but when they heard the next few words, they felt that the old rich man was really as good as his name, which clearly showed that he wanted to lose his wages, and they were indignant.

Only a few people were thinking about Yang Zheng's intentions.

Yang Zheng continued: "Many people have worked for a year and can't get a salary.

There was a smart and strong young man named Wang Er, who wanted to cure the "iron rooster", so he went to his house to work as a long-term worker. Spring has just passed, and the rainy season has arrived. As soon as the sun cleared one day, the "Iron Rooster" called: "Wang Xiaoer, let's dry the ground in my house!" Wang Er knew that this was making things difficult for him, but Wang Er was not stumped. He said, "All right!" He brought a ladder and took a grappling hook to the roof and picked up the tiles.

The "Iron Rooster" was anxious: "Let you dry the house, how can you pick up the house? I will deduct your wages!" Wang Er laughed on the roof and said: "If you don't remove the tiles on the roof, how can you dry the floor in the house?" "Iron Rooster" glared at the beads and had nothing to say.

After some time, the "Iron Rooster" pointed to the two jars in the courtyard and said to Wang Er, "Put the big jar into the small jar." When Wang Er heard this, he didn't say a word, but smashed the big jar, and then straightened the fragments into the small jar.

The "Iron Rooster" said distressedly: "Why did you break my big jar? I will deduct your wages!" Wang Er said mockingly: "If you don't pretend like this, how can you pretend?" "Iron Rooster" was again generalized.

In the blink of an eye, the end of the year is approaching, and the salary will be paid soon. One day, the "Iron Rooster" pointed to his fat head and asked Wang Er: "How many pounds do you say my head has?"

Wang Erting replied confidently: "Two catties and seven taels."

Everyone was completely attracted by this interesting story at this time, and felt that this rich man had met such a Wang Xiaoer, and God had come to punish him on purpose, and gradually ignored the key to it.

Yang Zheng's voice did not stop, and continued to say in a deep voice: "Iron Rooster" shook his head and said, "No, two catties and eight taels"

Wang Er immediately ran into the kitchen and took out a sharp kitchen knife and a scale, and said to the "iron rooster": "I said two catties and seven taels, and you said two catties and eight taels, who is right? Let's cut off your head today and weigh it!"

The "Iron Rooster" was so frightened that he hurriedly protected his fat head with his hands, begged for mercy repeatedly, and promised to pay Wang Er all his wages.

The clever Wang Er, outwitted the "Iron Rooster" and won all three moves, tell me, how did he do it?"

At this time, everyone came to their senses, lowered their heads and thought about it carefully, so it was not lively.

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Last night's computer was broken, first to buy a computer, thinking that the code word needs to be a good guy, so I gritted my teeth, spent nine thousand eight, counter-offer three hundred, bought an Apple notebook, the new computer code is still quite suitable, but who knows that the computer is good, the network cable is not good, fortunately, I don't need any network, the code is nine o'clock, began to repair, repaired for most of the night, to get it right, today is Monday, there are many things, I slept late last night, the hard work can be imagined, so ask for a few tickets, ask for some subscriptions!