Second, at the meeting of Zhu Xi's Goose Lake that year, Erlu advocated that the original heart should be invented first, and then it should be exhibited, believing that the nature of the original heart will remain unchanged through the ages, and the effort of the heart will last for a long time; Zhu Xi advocated the method of learning and learning through guò, first exposing and then returning to the appointment. The two sides have their own opinions, Lu Jiuling and Lu Jiuyuan also endowed poems and Mingzhi, ridiculing Zhu Xi's gradual cultivation of kung fu as "fragmented", and it is inevitable to look at it generally. This caused Zhu Xi's dissatisfaction. The two sides debated for three days, but their views were never unanimous. Also present at the meeting were Linchuan Taishou Zhao Jingming, and invited Liu Zicheng and Zhao Jingzhao ("Lu Jiuyuan Annals"), and according to the "Song and Yuan Dynasty Case", Lu's disciple Zhu Hengdao and his brother Zhu Jidao also participated in the meeting.

Regarding the details of the Goose Lake Meeting, there is a paragraph of Lu Jiuyuan's memories in "Quotations", which says: Lu Bogong is the collection of Goose Lake, and the first brother Fu Zhai said: "Bogong asked Yuan Hui to be this collection, which is the academic similarities and differences, and a certain brother is different first, why should he hope for the same Goose Lake." The first brother then argued with a certain one, and ordered a certain person to say to himself, until late. Brother Xianyun: "Zi Jingzhi said yes." The next morning, a certain brother said, the first brother Yun: "A certain has nothing to say, I think about it at night, and Zi Jingzhi said it very much." Fang Deyi poem: 'Children know love and know Qin, and the ancient saints say that only this heart. There is probably a base to build a room, and there is no place to suddenly become a cen. Affectionately pass on the plug, and focus on the subtlety of the land sinking. Cherish friends and friends, and know that the joy lies in the present. A certain cloud: "The poem is very good, but the second sentence is slightly unsettled." Brother Xianyun: "It's right, but it's not safe, what's more?" A certain cloud: "You might as well start on the road, but along the way with this poem." ”

When it came to Goose Lake, Bo Gong asked his brother farewell before he made a new achievement. The first brother raised a poem, only four sentences, Yuan Hui Gu Bogong said: "Zishou has already been on the Zijing boat." After raising the poem, he defended his brother. A certain cloud: "On the way, a certain and a brother of the family wrote this poem: 'The tomb is mourning the temple of the sect, and the people of Si have not been grinding their hearts for thousands of years. The trickle drops to the water, and the fist stone is chongcheng Taihuacen. Yi Jian's work has been great for a long time, and his career has been up and down. At this point, Yuan obscurity has been lost. To "want to know from the bottom of the rise, the authenticity must first distinguish only today." Yuan Hui was discouraged, so they rested. The next day, the two dukes discussed dozens of twists and turns, and they all broke their words. After the day of the argument, his words are aggrieved. Bo Gong has the intention of listening to each other with an open heart, and he is actually Yuan Hui. ("Lu Jiuyuan Collection", Volume 34, "Quotations I")

The recollection details the process of discussing with each other and basically reaching an agreement on the opinions before the Goose Lake meeting, as well as the process of writing poems and Mingzhi, and briefly describes the process of discussing Lu Jiuyuan and Lu Jiuling as one side and Zhu Xi and Lu Zuqian as the other party for three days at the meeting. Lu Jiuyuan believes that at the meeting, Lu Zuqian had the intention of humbly listening to his and Jiuling's opinions, but his views were limited to Zhu Xi's influence and could not be expanded.

According to the "Annals of Lu Jiuyuan", Zhu Hengdaoshu said: The meeting of Goose Lake talks about teaching people. The meaning of Yuan Hui is to make people look at the expo and then return to the appointment. The meaning of the second continent is to first invent the original intention of man, and then make it expo. Zhu uses Lu Zhi's teaching as a person to be too simple, and Lu uses Zhu Zhi's teaching as a fragment, which is quite inconsistent. Mr. wanted to argue with Yuan Yan even more, thinking that Yao Shun had a book to read before? Stop fasting. ("Lu Jiuyuan Collection", Volume 36, "Annals")

Erlu's advocacy of "easy simplicity" is based on the premise of confirming the innate nature of the mind. The so-called poems of "children know and love and know Qin, and the ancient saints pass it down to the ancient saints only have this heart" and "The ruins of the tomb are mourning the temple Qin, and the people do not grind their hearts for thousands of years" all show that the "heart" ontology is first established, and the heart is the root of moral values, and advocates the extension of reading and learning from the "clear heart". Erlu regards the "heart" as an indelible moral ontology that has been passed down from generation to generation, and believes that the saints of the ages are only passed on by heart, and there is no need to pass on the words, so Lu Jiuyuan wants to argue with Zhu Xi even more, thinking that "what books can be read before Yao Shun". This shows that he believes that Zhu Xi's "fragmentation" lies not only in the fact that the method is not simple, but also in the failure to find the true source of moral value-the ontology of the human heart.

Three years after the meeting at Goose Lake, Zhu Xicai and Lu Shi said: "The virtue industry is admired for a long time, and I am more concerned about it after three years." Occasionally, he carried a quinoa staff out of the cold valley, and he was far away in vain. The old learning is discussed and dense, and the cultivation of new knowledge is deepened. I am only worried about the speechlessness, and I don't believe that there are ancient and modern things in the world. The sentence "I only worry about the wordlessness, and I don't believe that there are ancient and modern things in the world" in the poem not only tactfully criticizes Lu Xue's method of learning "leaving the text and going straight to the roots" ("Zhu Wen Gongwen Collection", vol. 47, "Answer to Lu Ziyue" 15), but also points out that the ontology of Lu's mind is "those who do not stand according to words". This can be seen as Zhu Xi's response to Erlu's idea of mind advocated at the Goose Lake meeting, and Lu Jiuyuan's question of "what books can be read before Yao Shun". It is explained that after the meeting at Goose Lake and after the meeting, both Zhu and Lu have begun to realize that behind the issue of labor, there are still differences about ontology between them.

Since then, the two have parted ways, Lu Jiuyuan's official position is not prominent, and he has no academic teacher, but he integrates Mencius's views of "all things are prepared for me" and "conscience" and "conscience", as well as the arguments of Zen Buddhism such as "heart is born" and "heart is extinguished", and put forward the philosophical proposition of "heart is reason", forming a new school - "heart science". Heavenly reason, human reason, and physics are only in my heart, and the heart is the only reality: "The universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe", and I believe that the heart is the reason that is eternal and unchanging: "Thousands of times ago, there were saints who came out of the world, and the same heart and this reason; Thousands of generations later, there will be saints who will have the same heart and reason. "People are of the same mind, and their hearts are of the same mind. Past and present, no exception. Lu Jiuyuan believes that the method of learning is mainly to "invent the original heart", there is no need to read more books and seek other things, "learn to know the book, and the six classics are my footnotes" is famous all over the world, and it can be said that it is a big strange thing to compete with Zhu Xi's science.

Yang Pu used Lu Jiuyuan's words to indirectly express this grievance, indicating that Zhu Xi also allowed the existence of Xinxue back then, and today Yang Zheng just said the logic of a Gewu, and if you stop it like this, it is not that your knowledge is more clever than Zhu Xi back then.

Zhu Xi is the master of Confucianism, and the world is called Zhu Zi. It is the only non-Confucius disciple who enjoys the Confucian Temple, ranking among the twelve philosophers of the Dacheng Palace, serving as the governor of Jiangxi Nankang, Fujian Zhangzhou, and the governor of eastern Zhejiang. The official worships the Huanzhang Pavilion and lectures for Emperor Song Ningzong.

He has written a lot, including "Notes on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books", "Explanation of Taiji Diagram", "Commentary on the General Book", "Zhou Yi Reader", "Notes on the Collection of Chu Ci", and later generations have "Zhu Zi Daquan" and "Zhu Zi Ji Yu Xiang". Among them, the "Annotations on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books" has become the standard of the imperial examination and the imperial examination, which is not something they can achieve, so Yang Pu only used these words to completely loosen the attack of these officials on Yang Zheng.

This incident made Yang Zheng feel a little surprised, after all, Yang Pu also recited the Four Books and Five Classics to rely on the imperial examination, at this time he was able to stand up and speak for himself, but he still learned the theory by heart, which made him feel incomprehensible At the same time, he also felt slightly relieved, which shows that the atmosphere of the Ming Dynasty is not a family of science, but also a study of mind.

The study of mind can be traced back to Mencius, while Cheng Hao of the Northern Song Dynasty started with it, and Lu Jiuyuan of the Southern Song Dynasty opened his way to fight against Zhu Xi's science. In the Ming Dynasty, Confucianism was developed by the great Confucian king Yangming of the Ming Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, the popular Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi schools of science emphasized that things should be based on poor reason, while Wang Yangming inherited Lu Jiuyuan's emphasis on "heart is reason" in the Song Dynasty, that is, the highest truth does not need to be sought externally, but can be obtained from one's own heart. Wang Yangming's ideas were inherited and carried forward by his students, and spread to the people in the form of lectures, among which the Taizhou School (also known as the Zuo School Wang Xue) pushed its teachings to a peak, believing that because of the existence of reason in the heart, "everyone can become Yao Shun", "although the heaven and the earth are big, but there is a thought to be good, the heart has a conscience, although ordinary people can be sages", even if they are not scholars, ordinary people can become saints. Wang Xue's development of this "heart is reason" view, but also affected the late Ming Dynasty thought of the positive proposition and view of lust, because the heart is reason, so human desire and heavenly reason, no longer as Zhu Xi thinks, so it can be positively accepted, for Yang Zheng, he has two lives, it doesn't matter whether the mind or the science, but he was pleasantly surprised that there was such an atmosphere at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and he couldn't help but feel happy.

Yang Zheng doesn't want to talk about the principles of logic, he believes that although Zhu Zhanji and those officials are well-educated, they may not be able to understand the principles of logic, I just want to inject a new knowledge into Daming, and this knowledge is the foundation of a qiē science, so there is no room for the slightest attack, the most important thing is to make people understand that the knowledge in this world is not necessarily the best of Zhu Cheng's science, and it is not Zhu Cheng's science.

"Whether it's a black or white cat, a good cat if it catches a mouse?" Anxious for this argument, Yang Zheng deliberately spent a lot of effort when he defended himself.

On the same day, the content of the recital came out: "Mencius dispels Yang and Mo, as for "no father and no king". The second son was also a sage at that time, so that he was born together with Mencius, and he may not be regarded as a sage. Mozi "also loves", doing benevolence and passing through the ears; Yang Zi "for me", doing righteousness and passing his ears. In other words, how can it be so bad that it is enough to dazzle the world? And the disadvantages of its flow, Mencius is more than the beast Yidi, the so-called "use of scholarship to kill the world and future generations" also. The disadvantages of academics in this world are what it means to be benevolent? What is it said that the righteousness is passed? Or is it said that learning is unkind and unjust? I don't know what it is like to the beast of the flood!

Mencius Yun: "How can it be distinguished? As a last resort!" Yang Mo's way plugged the world, when Mencius, the world's respect for Yang Mo, should be no less than today's admiration of Zhu said, and Mencius alone in the middle of the room, oh, sad!

Han Shiyun: "The harm of the Buddha is worse than that of Yang Mo." Han Yu's sage is not as good as Mencius, Mencius can't save it before it is broken, and Han Yu wants to do it all after it has been broken, and he doesn't measure his strength, and when he sees the danger of his body, he can't save him to death. Alack! If someone is especially incalculating, if he sees the danger of his body, he will not be saved by death. If the world is calm, and the head of the disease is worried, this is not a disease and a madness, and there must be a great suffering hidden in it, not the world's benevolence, who can observe it? It is "The Final Theory of Zhu Zi's Later Years", and the cover is also a last resort.

The middle years are honest and unexamined, although they don't have to be from their old age, but they are mostly from their old age. However, the general intention is to mediate the tune, and to understand this learning is the most important. Born in Zhu Zizhi's saying, such as the god yarrow turtle, once it goes against it, the sincerity is unbearable, so it has to be a last resort. "He who knows me is said to be troubled by me; Those who don't know me, say what I want", those who can't bear to fight Zhuzi, their own hearts are also, and those who have no choice but to fight with me, the Tao is solid, and if it is not straight, the Tao is not seen.

The deacon's so-called disagreement with Zhu Zi, the servant dares to deceive himself? The way of the husband, the justice of the world, learning, the public school of the world, non-Zhuzi can be obtained and private, non-Confucius can be obtained and private. The public of the world is just a matter of public opinion. Therefore, although it is different from oneself, it is beneficial to oneself. In other words, although it is the same as oneself, it is suitable for oneself. He who benefits himself will be pleased; Whoever does harm to himself will be evil. However, today's theory, although it may be different from Zhu Zi, may not be what he likes. The fault of a gentleman, like the eclipse of the sun and the moon, is even more up, everyone looks up to it, and the fault of the villain must also be written. Although he is not good, he does not dare to do Zhu Zi with the heart of a villain. “

This recital not only shows the state of mind, but also directly regards Zhu Xi as a character like Mozi and Yangzi, completely drawing a clear line, and parting ways in form. He dared to do this, in addition to these words were very convincing, the most important thing was the words of Yang Pu, he also saw clearly, if he wanted to make logic no longer be talked about, the most important thing was to make these Qingliu have nothing to say, so in addition to a few sentences of justification, he also attached one or four lines of poetry.

"There is no good and no disgusting body, there are good and malicious movements, knowing good and knowing evil is conscience, and doing evil for good is a character."

The four sentences of poetry were read out of Zhu Zhanji's mouth, and the official immediately shut up, if he didn't shut up, he couldn't do it, people had Yang Pu speak first, and fools know that Sanyang has always been harmonious, Yang Pu spoke, and indirectly Yang Shiqi and Yang Rong spoke, that is to say, Yang Zheng's logic has the support of the cabinet, who dares to move this brow.

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