The middle-aged man recited it over and over again, as if he was a little immersed in it, sometimes frowning and contemplating, sometimes his eyes lit up, and more often nodding his head.

After about a cup of tea like this, the middle-aged man's two sword eyebrows suddenly raised slightly and said loudly: "The white person is not sure to be white, and it is okay to forget it." Those who are white horses are also white. Those who are white are not white. Horses do not go to take color, so yellow and black should be used. The white horse has to take the color, and the yellow and black horses are so colored, so only the white horse can respond to the ear. Those who have not gone have to go. Therefore, it is said: white horses are not horses. "It's ridiculous that the world doesn't know that the white horse is a kind of horse, but the horse is not a white horse, Gongsun Long is confused between the two, and it is clear at a glance that the same person seeks a different wisdom, if it is according to Gongsun Long, it is not a celebrity or a celebrity, but unfortunately the world does not know, and is mistaken by Gongsun Long and others.

Gongsun Long said that "white horses are not horses", which means that white horses are not equal to horses, not that white horses do not belong to horses.

This embodies the philosophical truth that truth is relative. There are two interpretations of "yes", "equal" and "belong", relative to the latter interpretation, that is, the white horse does not belong to the horse, and "the white horse is not a horse" is not valid, and with the former interpretation, that is, the white horse is not equal to the horse, "the white horse is not a horse" is true—the part cannot be equal to the whole, the white horse cannot be equal to the horse, so the white horse cannot be a horse.

It doesn't matter what philosophical principles are violated, it can only be said that "white horses are not horses" is not in line with people's general language habits.

The accusation that the so-called "'white horse is not a horse' separates the universal and the particular, the common and the individual" does not accuse Gongsun Long of "white horse and not horse" based on the premise of "yes" and "equal", but accuses "white horse and not horse" based on the premise of "yes" and "belongs". But no one has ever said that white horses do not belong to horses, and no one says that "white horses are not horses" on the premise of "yes" and "belonging". They are merely blaming an imaginary enemy.

The middle-aged man was muttering to himself, but he heard a burst of rapid footsteps, followed by a voice: "Master Xu, the prince has something important to ask you to go to the study to discuss?"

The middle-aged man frowned, put down the book with some displeasure, and said to the door, "Got it?"

The middle-aged man's name is Xu Lang, he was born in a bureaucratic family in Dayunfang, Shanyin City, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang, his father once lived in the Shaoxing prefect, and his mother was a maid and concubine. ”。 At the age of ten, he imitated Yangxiong's "Interpretation of Mockery" and wrote a "Interpretation and Destruction", with a bold personality, "Between the palms of your fingers, ten thousand words can be done." "At the age of twenty, he became a student, but life was not pleasant, and his mother was a servant girl, so she naturally had no place in the family. His mother-in-law, unable to have children, passed him over, but the mother-in-law was also a kind man, and raised him as a flesh and blood, and placed great hopes on him, but what he did not expect was that such a kind man expelled his biological mother from the house when he was ten years old. Snatching his mother at an early age, so that his temperament became somewhat bitter, only by studying hard, in order to relieve the bitterness in his heart, and it is precisely because of this that his talent is getting better and better, at the age of fifteen, he was listed as one of the "ten sons of Vietnam". Even Shen Lian, a famous scholar at that time, once praised him and said: "Shut the city gate, there is only this one." made him famous, became famous as a young man, and was so touted that he couldn't help but be a little conceited and proud, and he was full of yearning for fame, but he suffered repeated setbacks on the road to the imperial examination. Since he was twenty years old, he was admitted to Xiucai in one fell swoop, and since then he has participated in the township examination again and again, until he was thirty-one years old, he took the exam four times, and he never won the examination. In the second year, he stayed in Nanjing, because of the hardship of life, at the invitation of Qi Taiye, the servant of the military department at that time, entered the Qitai Mansion to be his staff, and in the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Qi Tai was promoted to be the secretary of the military department. Tai Zu once asked Qi Tai for the names of the border generals, and Qi Tai was able to say them one by one, "exhaustively". Tai Zu asked Qi Tai about the books again, Qi Tai took out the manual from his sleeve and submitted it, "brief and detailed", Tai Zu admired him very much. In that year, Zhu Yuanzhang was critically ill, and Qi Tai was ordered to assist the emperor's grandson with Huang Zicheng, the secretary of Taichang Temple. He also rose to prominence and gained some fame in Nanjing.

I wanted to carry out the imperial examination again, but I didn't want Emperor Jianwen to ascend the throne, so I was worried that the military power of the kings was too heavy, so I discussed with Qi and Huang and decided to adopt the strategy of cutting the domain. The measures taken by Qi Tai and others to reduce the feudal domain were opposed by the kings. In the first year of Jianwen, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, raised troops from Beiping to the south under the name of "Qingjun side". Emperor Jianwen sent troops to conquer many times, but they were all defeated by the Yan soldiers. Emperor Jianwen had no choice but to report the official positions of Qi and Huang in the winter of the first year of Jianwen to report to King Yan, please strike the army, King Yan refused, waved his troops to advance, and Emperor Jianwen had no choice but to recall Qi and Huang. Qi Tai was summoned to arrive, and when he heard that the Jinchuan Gate of Nanjing had been broken, Emperor Jianwen did not know what to do, so he chased Guangde away, revived the army and other counties, and intended to move later. In the fourth year of Jianwen, King Yan captured Nanjing, ascended the throne, changed the Yuan Yongle, and executed seven relatives including Qi Tai's uncle Qi Yangyan and cousin Qi Jing in Jingshi (Nanjing). On June 5 of the same year, Qi Tai was also executed to Jingshi, and was soon executed by Ling Chi along with Huang Zicheng. Its shogunate was dissolved.

At this time, he was already twenty-eight years old, his livelihood was not settled, and the imperial examination had not been smooth, everything was not going well, and the mental pain was getting worse, which made him go crazy and commit suicide.

He committed suicide nine times: once he struck himself on the head with an axe, "the blood flowed and his skull was broken", but he did not die; again, as if possessed by a spirit, he pierced his left ear with a three-inch long stud, and then struck his head on the ground and slammed the iron nail into his ear, without feeling the slightest pain and did not die; and then he crushed his kidney sac with a vertebrae, and he still did not die. These cruel and extreme methods of suicide are far from what ordinary people can imagine. Although he has repeatedly attempted suicide, his "heart disease" seems to have improved a lot, and he has been wandering around Nanjing for all these years, living this sloppy life.

Until a few years ago, when he returned to his hometown to visit Lingyin Temple, a senior monk admired his full of talent and persuaded him to learn Zhuge Kongming, Xie An of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he didn't understand at first, but he was a smart man after all, and after a few days of thought, he knew the kindness of the monk.

Kong Ming was originally a family of officials in Yangdu County, Langxie County, Zhuge was the Wang clan of Langxi, the ancestor Zhuge Feng had been a lieutenant in the Yuan Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui had been Taishan County Cheng in the late Eastern Han Dynasty; Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died of illness at the age of three, Zhuge Liang lost his father at the age of eight, and his younger brother Zhuge Jun followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed by Yuan Shu as the Taishou of Yuzhang, to Yuzhang to take up his post, and the Eastern Han Dynasty sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan's position, and Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou Liu Biao.

In the second year of Jian'an, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness, and Emperor Xian of Han had escaped from Li Dao in Chang'an and moved to Cao Cao's Xu County. Zhuge Liang was sixteen years old at this time, and he liked to read "Liang's Father's Yin" on weekdays, and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, and the people at that time were disdainful of him, only his friends Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping believed in his talents, but his reputation was spread

He had friends with Xiangyang celebrities at that time, such as Sima Hui, Pang Degong, and Huang Chengyan. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you want to choose a wife, there is an ugly girl in my family, with yellow hair and black skin, but her talent can match you." Zhuge Liang promised this family affair and married her. At that time, people were making jokes for fun, and the township even made a proverb: "Don't be Kong Ming's choice of women, just get a Cheng ugly girl", in this way, it is a great increase in Kong Ming's reputation, for a time everyone in Jingzhou knows Kong Ming's name, but only do this step, but Kong Ming is not satisfied with the land of Jingzhou, he worships the most famous Mr. Shui Jing in Jiangdong as a teacher, •; worship under the bed alone, kneel and perform Yi Gong), the name of Wolong is famous all over the world, and there are rumors that those who get Wolong will get the world.

At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed troops in Xinye. Later, when Sima Hui met with Liu Bei, he said: "Those Confucian scholars are all people with shallow knowledge, how can they understand the affairs of the world? At this time, there were only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Phoenix Chick (Pang Tong). Zhuge Liang was recommended by Xu Shu again, Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would lead Liang to come to see him, but Xu Shu said: "This person can go to see him, but he can't be bent to come here." Generals should deign to visit. ”

Liu Bei personally went to Longzhong to visit, and went three times before seeing Zhuge Liang (known as "Three Visits to the Thatched House"). After meeting Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei asked others to avoid it and asked him: "Now that the Han family is declining, traitorous ministers are doing things under the pretense of the emperor's orders, and the emperor has lost his power. I didn't measure my own virtue and ability, and I wanted to revive the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy were short and insufficient, so I often failed until today. But my ambition is still unsettled, is there any plan that my sir can help me?"

Zhuge Liang then explained to him the plan of dividing the world into three parts, analyzed the form of Cao Cao who was not advisable and Sun Quan could come to his aid; he also described in detail that the state pastors of Jing and Yi were cowardly and could take advantage of it, and only by owning these two states could they win the world; and he also told Liu Bei about the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This treatise was later called the "Longzhong Pair". Liu Bei praised after hearing this, and invited Zhuge Liang to help, so Zhuge Liang went out of the mountain and entered the scene. Liu Bei often discussed with him, and the relationship became closer and closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and the others were very displeased, and Liu Bei explained to them: "I have Kong Ming, just like a fish getting water, I hope you don't talk about it anymore." Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others no longer complained, and since then Zhuge Kongming has helped Liu Bei to fight in Chibi, create the Great Shu Kingdom, and form a three-legged tripod, which will last for centuries.

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