Yang Zheng smiled, and did not take over the words of science, but returned to logic: "Truth is not something that everyone can discover and grasp, and there seems to be a dissonance between those of us who are limited and the truth that exists freely, which naturally causes the problem of seeking a bridge between the finite and the infinite. God is the truth; But how can we get to know Him? This attempt to seek truth seems to be contrary to the virtues of humility and modesty. But there are many who question whether we can know the truth, in order to justify their attachment to a life of mediocrity and limited purpose. There is nothing to be gained in this kind of humility.

Something like: "How can a wretched creature like me know the truth?" "It's a thing of the past, so to speak. In its place is the air of delusion and arrogance, which most boast of breathing directly into the truth, and young people are encouraged by this air, believing that they are born with religious and ethical truth.

From the same point of view, it is especially said that all those adults are largely depraved, numb, and rigid in falsehood. The young people see the glow of the morning sun, while the older ones are stuck in the swamp and mud of the day. They admit that the sciences of the special sector should be explored in any case, but they also see them simply as tools for the external ends of life.

In this way, what hinders the understanding and study of the truth is not the humility mentioned above, but the self-pride and self-confidence that have fully obtained the truth. The older generations place their hopes in the youth, because the young should be able to contribute to the world and to science. But the older generation does not look to the young people for stagnation and complacency, but for them to undertake the arduous work of spiritual rigour. “

"Do those words still sound like that?" Yang Pu nodded.

Yang Zheng was encouraged, his mood was also broadened, he thought about it and continued: "If Elder Ge has to ask me what the truth is, I can only say what the truth is? "It means that a qiē is not yet like that, nothing is meaningful, and any deeper qiē is illusory - in this way, only the subjective illusion remains."

Yang Pu said: "You still need to say this, of course I know, but you should talk about what logic to learn and whether you can know the truth!" ”

Yang Zheng said: "The truth is not easy to know, and a kind of cringe is enough to hinder the recognition of the truth. Most lazy people are apt to say, "Don't think that way, thinking that we are serious about philosophical research." Naturally, we would love to learn logic, but after learning logic, we are not like that. They think that when their thinking goes beyond the scope of everyday appearances, they will go to the devil's cave; It is as if they are allowed to float on the ocean of thoughts, tossed around by the waves of the thoughts themselves, and finally return to the sandy shore of this impermanent world, as indifferent and worthless as they did when they first left it.

The consequences of this view are visible in the world. We can learn a lot of knowledge and skills, and we can become people who work according to routine work, or we can develop into specialized technicians who can achieve special purposes. But it is another thing for people to cultivate their own spirit and strive to engage in noble and sacred causes, so our evaluation of thinking can be very low or very high.

On the one hand, we say: it's just a thought. -- What this means is that thought is only subjective, arbitrary, and accidental, and not substance itself, not something real and real. On the other hand, we can also have a high value of thought, believing that only thought can attain the supreme being, the nature of God, and that its senses know nothing about God. Speaking of which, Yang Zheng was afraid that Yang Pu would not understand a little, so he deliberately said slowly, but when he looked up at the other party, he saw that people were looking at him, and said: "Why did you stop, continue to talk, how much insight ...... this talk?" “

Yang Zheng was embarrassed, and said in his heart: "Am I self-righteous, the wisdom of the ancients is not necessarily much worse than the previous life, we can't be thick with the present and thin from the ancient!" He nodded and continued, "We say that God is spirit, and we must not worship God apart from spirit and truth. But we admit that what is felt or sensual is not spiritual, and that the inner core of the spirit is the mind, and that only the spirit can know the spirit. It is true that the spirit may also express itself as a feeling, but the feeling itself, or the way of feeling, is one thing, and the content of the feeling is another. The feeling itself is generally the form of a sensual thing, which is common to humans and animals.

The form of this feeling may grasp the most concrete content, but it is not attainable by this form. The form of sensation is the lowest form of reaching spiritual content. The content of the spirit, God Himself, has its truth only in the mind, or as the mind. In this sense, thought is not just mere thought, but is the highest way to grasp the eternal and absolute being, strictly speaking, the only way. “

When Yang Pu heard this, his eyes began to show a thoughtful and wise demeanor, and he nodded and said, "It seems like that's the case?" ”

Yang Zheng said in his heart: "That's not the case, otherwise what else would I have to do?" ”

Seeing him stop, he was slightly stunned and said, "This is the end?" ”

Yang Zheng came to his senses and said, "I thought that Elder Ge didn't like to listen to it?" ”

Yang Pu said: "Don't be so nervous, you let the old man be the head of this Hanlin Academy and teach logic, you have to understand this science, otherwise how to convince the public?" ”

Yang Zheng was overjoyed when he heard this, and he was worried that people would not agree, but now when he heard this, he seemed to be a little moved, and he was relieved, but he also knew that if he didn't have some convincing benefits, he might not be able to make Yang Pu agree.

Thinking of this, he sorted out the logic in his mind a little, and continued: "Logic is the science of thought, and like thought, it has a high or low valuation. Some people think that everyone can think without learning logic, just as they can digest without studying physics. Even after studying logic, his thinking is still the same as before, perhaps in a more methodical way, but it will not change much. Speaking of this, he glanced at Yang Pu, and saw that his expression was extremely serious and dignified, and he listened carefully. Secretly relieved.

After taking a long breath, he said: "If logic has no other task than to familiarize man with the activities of formal thinking, then logic will not bring anything new to the thinking activities that we are already able to do in ordinary times, but the benefit of logic is that for man, the knowledge of thinking, even if it is only a purely subjective activity, is a matter of great honor and interest to him." For man is different from beasts, that is, because man knows what he is and what he does. And, on the other hand, as a science for the study of the mind, which is the only activity sufficient to experience truth and the highest being, logic also occupies a high place.

Therefore, if logical science studies the activity of the mind and its products (and the mind is not an activity without content, because the mind produces thoughts, and produces the specific ideas it needs), then the content of logical science is generally the world of the extrasensory, and to explore this extrasensory world is to wander in the extrasensory world. Mathematics is the study of abstract objects of numbers and space. “

This statement is a bit profound, although Yang Pu is erudite and talented, but this new type of logic, unheard of, unseen, digesting this passage, it is still a little difficult, I saw him frowning, thinking hard, after a while before saying: "You say slower?" “

Yang Zheng hummed, for the ancients to understand their own set of fallacies, can be described as a genius figure, so for Yang Pu's struggle, he did not despise half a point, but from the bottom of his heart admiration, according to the current status of others, there is no need to pay attention to this kind of things other than science, but he not only has the intention of maintenance, but also listens carefully, and even has a learning attitude, this kind of bearing is not something ordinary people can have, based on this alone, Yang Zheng feels that the old man in front of him is worthy of admiration.

"Okay, you go on?" Yang Pu exhaled lightly, obviously Yang Zheng's words just now were completely absorbed.

Yang Zheng hummed and said: "The need to realize that logic has a deeper meaning than the science of pure formal thinking has been strengthened by the interest in religion, politics, law, and ethics. In the past, people thought that ideas were insignificant and could not be harmed, and that they might as well indulge in fresh and bold ideas. They think about God, nature, and the state, and they are convinced that it is only through the guò mind that one can know what truth is, and that it cannot be attained by the senses, or by guò accidental appearances and opinions. When they think in this way, the result gradually affects the highest relations of life. The traditional system of rules and regulations has lost its authority due to the exercise of ideas.

The charter of the state became a victim of ideas, and religion was attacked by ideas; Many of the solid religious ideas that had been considered the Revelation were also destroyed by the mind, and in the minds of many, traditional religious beliefs were fundamentally shaken. In Greece, for example, philosophers rose up against the old religion and thus destroyed the faith of the old religion. Therefore, there are cases of philosophers being expelled and executed for destroying religion and shaking the rule of government, because religion and politics are intrinsically linked. In this way, the mind becomes a force in the real world, with an unusually large impact.

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