[Idiom]: Harboring evil intentions

[Pinyin]: baocanghuoxin

[Explanation]: Containment: hidden, contained; Evil heart: the heart of harm. With a malicious intent in his heart.

【Idiom Story】:

In 541 BC, the prince of Chu, accompanied by his deputy Wu Ju, brought many soldiers and horses to Zheng to meet his relatives. It turned out that Zheng was a small country, and Chu was a big country, and Zheng was friendly with Chu in order to rely on its strength to compete with other vassal states. For this reason, the eldest doctor, Gongsun Duan, married his daughter to Gongzi Wei of Chu State.

Seeing that Gongziwei had brought many soldiers and horses to greet him, he was worried that he would take the opportunity to invade, so he did not let Gongziwei wait to live in the pavilion in the city, and sent Ziyu to Gongziwei and said: "The building in our capital is too small to accommodate so many of your entourage, so please live outside the city and hold a welcoming ceremony." ”

Gongziwei was very dissatisfied, and ordered Dazai Bozhou to say to Ziyu: "Thanks to the favor given by your lord to my doctor, marry the daughter of your doctor to my doctor's wife." This time the country welcomed the relatives very solemnly, and before the departure, a banquet was set up, and a sacrifice was made in the temple. If we hold a wedding ceremony in the wilderness, we will give the favor of your lord to the grass, and we will deceive the ancestor and we will no longer be ministers, and we will not be able to go back. Please think again. ”

Ziyu said: "Our Zheng country is small, but there is no sin in the small country, but it is a sin to rely on a big country without defense." We originally wanted to make ourselves peaceful through marriage, but the idea of Chu State, as a big country, to fight our weak Zheng State with a harmful heart will not work. ”

[Idiom]: Hold on to the incomplete

[Pinyin]: baocanshouque

[Explanation]: Hold on to the broken and obsolete things. Describe conservative thinking and not seeking improvement.

【Idiom Story】:

The first work of this idiom is "to protect the disabled and keep the defects", which can be found in "Hanshu Liu Xin's Biography": "I still want to protect the defects, and I am afraid of seeing the selfish intentions, but I can't serve the righteousness of the public heart." ”

In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a person named Liu Xin, whose name was Zijun, who was the son of the famous scholar Liu Xiang, and once worshiped Huangmenlang (an attendant officer of the inner court). Later, he and Liu Xiang were in charge of collating and collating classics and conducting academic research. In the proofreading work, he read a lot of secret ancient books and found an ancient text "The Biography of the Zuo Family in the Spring and Autumn Period", which he couldn't put down. After research, Liu Xin believed that the "Zuo Chuan" was a precious document, so he suggested that the "Zuo Chuan" and other ancient books should be established as scholars. After Emperor Han Ai (Liu Xin) learned of this, he ordered Liu Xin and the Doctor of the Five Classics to talk about the righteousness of a number of ancient books such as "Zuo Chuan". However, Dr. Zhu did not agree to the establishment of scholars for the "Zuo Chuan" and other scholars, and refused to discuss and study the matter. Liu Xin was very angry at Dr. Zhong's attitude, and wrote an official letter to Dr. Guan's Taichang, criticizing and protesting against it.

Liu Xin wrote: These doctors are uneducated, unskilled, unheard, and afraid that others will see through their selfish intentions, and have no public heart to obey the truth, so they cling to the old ways and refuse to explore new knowledge. Because of Liu Xin's bitter words, the doctors resented and were slandered as a result. Later, Liu Xin invited himself to become a petty official.

According to this story, later generations have introduced the idiom "hold on to the defects", which originally meant to keep the old and broken things and refuse to give up. Nowadays, it is often used as a metaphor for being conservative and unwilling to accept new things.

[Idiom]: Hold on to the salary to fight the fire

[Pinyin]: baoxinjiuhuo

[Explanation]: salary: firewood and grass. Hold firewood and grass to fight the fire. The metaphor uses the wrong method to eliminate the calamity, and the result is that the calamity is magnified.

【Idiom Story】:

In the last years of the Warring States period, Qin adopted a policy of distant friendship and close attack, constantly annexing neighboring countries in order to expand its territory. Among them, the Qin State attacked the Wei State three times and occupied a lot of land in the Wei State, and the Wei people also suffered heavy casualties.

Once, Qin sent Ping Pong to attack Wei, and Wei asked Han and Zhao for assistance, but unfortunately the troops were too weak and were finally defeated. The general Duan Ganzi proposed to cede Nanyang to the Qin State for peace, but the strategist Su Dai held an opposing opinion, saying: The Qin State wants to annex the Wei State, and only ceding the land cannot satisfy the ambitions of the Qin State, just like holding firewood to fight the fire, the fire will not be extinguished until the firewood is burned.

However, the king of Wei did not listen to Su Dai's dissuasion, and still ceded Nanyang to Qin to sue for peace. In the end, it was really like what Su Dai said, the Qin State was not satisfied at all, and still continued to attack the Wei State, plundering more cities of the Wei State, and finally the weak Wei State was wiped out by the Qin State.

[Pinyin]: gsheying

[Explanation]: The shadow of the bow reflected in the wine glass is mistaken for a snake. The metaphor causes fear because of the suspicion.

【Idiom Story】:

One day, Leguang invited his friend to drink in the hall of his house. When the friend was drinking, he suddenly saw the shadow of a small snake shaking in his wine glass, and he was very disgusted, but he drank the wine anyway. After drinking it, I felt uncomfortable and couldn't rest assured. When he returned home, he became ill.

A few days later, Leguang heard the news of his friend's illness and learned the reason for his illness. Le Guang thought to himself: there will never be a snake in the wine glass! So he went to the place where he had been drinking that day to check it out. It turned out that on the wall of the hall, there was a bow painted in color. The shadow of the bow happened to be reflected in the place where the friend had let go of the wine glass, and Le Guang ran to the friend and explained it to him. When the man understood the reason, he was immediately cured.

Later, people used the metaphor of the shadow of the cup, bow and snake as a metaphor for being suspicious and disturbing each other.

[Idiom]: A drop in the bucket

[Pinyin]: beishuichexin

[Explanation]: Use a glass of water to save a cart of firewood and grass. The power of metaphor is too small to solve the problem.

【Idiom Story】:

One evening, a man named Zhao Da came back from chopping wood and passed by a teahouse, and saw many people sitting inside, some drinking tea, some enjoying the shade. Zhao Da parked the car outside and walked into the teahouse. As soon as he finished drinking a cup of tea, he saw a red light outside the teahouse, and when he went to the door, he saw that his cart of firewood and grass was on fire, and the flames jumped straight up. Zhao Da shouted: Oh no, it's on fire, put out the fire! While running into the teahouse, he picked up a cup of tea on the table and splashed it on the firewood and grass. When the people in the teahouse heard the shouting, they all picked up their teacups and threw them on the car. But not only did the fire not go out, but with the help of the wind, it became even stronger. Zhao Da grabbed the placket of his clothes, hung his head and squatted on the ground dejectedly and sighed.

Salary: Firewood and grass. The metaphorical power of this idiom is too small to solve the problem.

[Idiom]: The opposite

[Pinyin]: beidaoerchi

[Explanation]: Back: Backward; Dao: road; Chi: Run. Run in the opposite direction. Parables are in the exact opposite direction and purpose of each other.

【Idiom Story】:

During the Warring States Period, Ji Liang, a courtier of Wei, was ordered to send an envoy to a foreign country, but on the way, he heard the news that the King of Wei was preparing to attack Handan of Zhao, so he hurried back to China to persuade the King of Wei.

Ji Liang, who hurriedly returned to China, said to the King of Wei: "I was at the foot of Taihang Mountain, and I saw a man driving a chariot, he was driving a horse to the north, saying that he was going to the state of Chu. The king of Wei said, "The state of Chu should be going south, why should he go north?" ”

Ji Liang replied, "That's what I told him!" However, he thought that his horse was a good horse, very fast, and that he had enough money with him; And the coachman is very experienced, so he feels that there is nothing to worry about. Therefore, he did not listen to my advice and continued on his way north. When the King of Wei heard this, he laughed and said, "This man is a madman. Although he has a lot of good conditions, but he goes in the opposite direction, how can he reach his destination. ”

Then Ji Liang told the king of Wei: "What the king said is not wrong at all. However, if the king keeps attacking nearby countries like he is now, this kind of action will also make the king farther and farther away from the goal of hegemony, isn't this also the same as the person who goes in the opposite direction? ”

[Idiom]: A fight against the water

[Pinyin]: beishuiyizhan

[Explanation]: Back to water: Back to water, indicating that there is no way back. It is a metaphor for fighting to the death with the enemy.

【Idiom Story】:

This idiom comes from the Historical Records. The Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin", the letter is to make ten thousand people go first, out, and turn their backs on Chen. ... The army is fighting to the death and cannot be defeated.

Han Xin, a native of Huaiyin (now southwest of Qingjiang, Jiangsu). He was a general under Liu Bang, the king of Han. In order to defeat Xiang Yu and seize the world, he made a plan for Liu Bang, first captured Guanzhong, then crossed the Yellow River eastward, defeated and captured Wei Wangbao, who betrayed Liu Bang and obeyed Xiang Yu's orders, and then attacked Zhao Wangxi to the east.

Han Xin's troops had to pass through an extremely narrow mountain pass, called Jingchengkou. Li Zuojun, a strategist under King Zhao, advocated blocking the Jingcheng Pass on the one hand, and sending troops to cut off the Han army's heavy grain and grass on the other hand, and Han Xin's expeditionary force would definitely be defeated without backup; But the general Chen Yu did not listen, relying on the superiority of troops, insisted on fighting the Han army head-on.

Han Xin was very happy to learn about this situation. He ordered his troops to camp thirty miles from Jingcheng, and in the middle of the night, let the soldiers eat some snacks and tell them that they would have a full meal after winning the battle. Subsequently, he sent 2,000 light cavalry to advance covertly from the path, and asked them to quickly rush into the camp of the Zhao army after the Zhao army left the camp, and change the banner of the Han army; He also sent 10,000 troops to deliberately line up their formations against the river to lure the Zhao army.

At dawn, Han Xin led his army to attack, and the two sides fought fiercely. After a while, the Han army pretended to be defeated and returned to the waterside position, and the Zhao army all left the camp and came to pursue. At this time, Han Xin ordered the main force to attack, and the soldiers who were in formation on their backs also turned around and pounced on the enemy because they had no way to retreat. The Zhao army could not win, and was about to return to the camp, when suddenly the camp was full of Han army flags, so they scattered and fled. The Han army took advantage of the victory to pursue and fought a great victory.

When celebrating the victory, the generals asked Han Xin: In the art of war, it is said that the formation can be backed by the mountain, and the front can be near the water, and now you let us line up with our backs to the water, and also say that we will defeat the Zhao army and eat a full meal, we didn't believe it at the time, but we actually won, what kind of strategy is this?

Han Xin smiled and said: This is also in the art of war, but you haven't noticed it. Doesn't the art of war say 'fall into the place of death and then live, and put the place of death and then survive'? If there is a place to retreat, and the soldiers have fled, how can they be desperate!

This story evolved into the idiom "Last Fight", which is mostly used in military operations, but can also be used in operations that are more decisive than those of a decisive nature.

[Idiom]: Put the cart before the horse

Pinyin: :d aozhi

[Explanation]: Ben: tree root; End: treetops; Place: Put. The metaphor reverses the position of priority and priority.

【Idiom Story】:

During the Warring States period, once the king of Qi sent envoys to visit Zhao. When the envoy arrived in Zhao State, he handed over the letter of King Qi to King Zhao Wei, and King Zhao Wei didn't even look at it, so he kindly asked the envoy: How is Qi State? Is this year's harvest good? Are the common people living well? Is King Qi's health good? When the envoy heard this, he was very unhappy and said to King Zhao Wei: "The king of Qi sent me to visit the state of Zhao, but you didn't even read the letter, but asked the harvest and the people first, and then asked the king last, isn't this putting the cart before the horse?" King Zhao Wei said with a smile: For a country, food is the most important, and if there are no people, how can there be a king! So I asked this question, and there was no putting the cart before the horse. Roots: the roots and tops of the tree, a metaphor for the root and details of things; Place: Place. This idiom metaphor reverses the relationship between the primary and the secondary, the fundamental and the non-fundamental.

[Idiom]: Forced to Liangshan

Pinyin: bishangliangshan

[Explanation]: The metaphor is forced to rise up and rebel. Now it is also a metaphor for being forced to take some kind of action.

【Idiom Story】:

There is a Liangshan hero in "Water Margin", named Lin Chong, who turned out to be the head of the 800,000 forbidden army. One day, Lin Chong took his wife to the temple fair, but he didn't expect the two to get separated. Gao Yanei, the godson of Taiwei Gao Yu, saw that Lin Chong's wife was beautiful, and he had a bad heart. At this moment, Lin Chong arrived, he saw that his wife was being bullied, he was very angry, and when he raised his fist to fight, he saw that it was Gao Yanei, so he swallowed his anger and went home. Who knew that in order to occupy Lin Chong's wife, Gao Yanei played tricks to frame Lin Chong, and sent people to kill Lin Chong on the way to exile. Lin Chong was forced to have no way out, so he had to go to Liangshan to rebel. Liangshan: A place name, in present-day Liangshan County, Shandong Province. This idiom is a metaphor for being forced to rebel or do something.

[Idiom]: shoulder to shoulder

Pinyin: g

[Explanation]: It is still shoulder to shoulder. Describe a large number of people or one after another.

【Idiom Story】 166 Reading Network