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"Tao Te Ching", also known as "Tao Te Ching", "Lao Tzu", "Five Thousand Words", "Lao Tzu Five Thousand Texts", is a work of ancient China before the separation of the sons of the Qin Dynasty, admired by all the sons at that time, and is a philosophical work made by Lao Tzu (i.e. Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the pre-Qin period, the "Lü's Spring and Autumn Notes" was called "Shangzhijing", and in the early Han Dynasty, it was called "Laozi". Since Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, this book has been revered as the Tao Te Ching, and in the Tang Dynasty, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had the Tao Te Ching translated into Sanskrit. Tang Gaozong called the "Tao Te Ching" as the "Shangjing", and Tang Xuanzong called this scripture the "Tao Te Ching". The ancient Mawangdui version is the first part of the "Virtue Chapter" and the next "Tao Chapter" without chapters, and the modern version has a total of 81 chapters, the first 37 chapters are "The Tao Chapter", and the last 44 chapters are "Virtue Chapters". Known as the King of All Classics, the Tao Te Ching is one of the greatest masterpieces in Chinese history and has had a profound impact on Chinese philosophy, science, politics, and religion. According to UNESCO statistics, the Tao Te Ching is the most widely translated and published cultural masterpiece in foreign languages other than the Bible.

"Tao Te Ching", also known as "Tao Te Ching", "Lao Tzu", "Five Thousand Words", "Lao Tzu Five Thousand Words", is a work in ancient China before the pre-Qin princes split their families, admired by all the sons at that time, the legend is that Lao Tzu (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period wrote, is an important source of Taoist philosophical thought. The Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts, the original text of the first part of the "Book of Virtues", the next part of the "Book of Virtues", not divided into chapters, and later changed to "The Book of Virtues" 37 chapters in front, after the 38th chapter is the "Book of Virtues", and is divided into 81 chapters. The text takes the philosophical meaning of "morality" as the outline, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using soldiers, and maintaining health, and mostly takes politics as the purpose, which is the so-called "inner sage and outer king" learning, which is profound and broad. He was praised as the king of all classics by the Chinese ancestors. The Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work. It is widely circulated to this day, charming and charming. One of the reasons for this is that it has a strong literary character.

According to the literature, Lao Tzu was studious and knowledgeable. In the process of teaching knowledge to his teacher Shang Rong, Lao Tzu always inquired about the root cause and was very eager for knowledge. In order to solve his doubts, he often looked up at the sun, moon and stars, thinking about what the heavens were, so that he often couldn't sleep. Later, Mr. Shang Rong "is really an old man's learning." "I recommend Lao Tzu to study in Zhoudu. The literature records: "Lao Tzu entered the Zhou, visited the doctor, entered the Taixue, astronomy, geography, human ethics, everything learned, "poetry", "book", "Yi", "calendar", "rites" and "music" are all read, cultural relics, codes, history books are all learned, and the study has made great progress. The doctor also recommended him to the storehouse as a clerk. The storage room is the place where the classics of the Zhou Dynasty are collected, collecting the world's literature, collecting the world's books, and there is everything. Through this experience, Lao Tzu accumulated a wealth of knowledge, which also made him famous far and wide.

Lao Tzu was born in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when the environment was that the Zhou Dynasty was weak, and the princes fought constantly for supremacy. The harsh turmoil and changes made Lao Tzu witness the suffering of the people, and as the history of the Zhou Dynasty, he put forward a series of propositions for governing the country and securing the people.

Yin Xi, the keeper of Hangu Pass, also played a huge role in the completion of the Tao Te Ching, and he was fond of astronomy and ancient books when he was young, and his cultivation was profound. Sima Qian recorded in the "Historical Records of Lao Tzu" that Lao Tzu "lived in Zhou for a long time, and when he saw the decline of Zhou, he left." To the pass, Guan (order) Yin Xi said: The son will be hidden, forced to write a book for me, so Lao Tzu said five thousand words of morality and go, I don't know always", Yin Xi moved Lao Tzu, Lao Tzu then took his own life experience and the rise and fall of the dynasty, the success or failure of the people, the safety and misfortune of the people as a reference, traced back to its source, the first and lower two articles, a total of five thousand words, that is, the Tao Te Ching.

The first chapter is the way, the very way. The name is famous, and the name is not very famous. None, the beginning of heaven and earth, there is, the mother of all things. Therefore, there is always nothing, and I want to see its wonders; Often, want to view its 徼 (jiào). These two have the same name and different names, and they are the same as the mysteries, the mysteries and the mysteries, and the doors of all the wonders.

Chapter 2 Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beauty, and evil is evil. We all know that what is good is good, and what is not good is not good. Therefore, there is no mutual birth, difficulty and ease are compatible, the length is comparative, the high and the low are inclined to each other, the sound and sound are harmonious, and the front and back are followed. It is to do what the saint does not do, and to teach without words; All things do not quit, they are born without being, they are not ashamed, and they live in success. Fu Wei Fuju is not going to go.

Chapter 3 is not virtuous, so that the people do not fight; Inexpensive and rare goods, so that the people will not be thieves; Not seeing (xiàn) can be desired, so that the people's hearts are not disturbed. It is the rule of a saint, who is humble in his heart, solid in his belly, weak in his will, and strong in his bones. He often makes the people ignorant and desireless. The wise man does not dare to do it. If you do nothing, you will not be cured.

Chapter 4 Tao Chong, and use it or not, abyss, like the sect of all things; Frustrate its sharpness, resolve its disputes, and its light, with its dust (chén, through the fake word "sin"), Zhanxi, like or exist. I don't know whose son is the first of the emperors.

Chapter 5 Heaven and earth are unkind, and all things are used as dogs; The saints are unkind, and they use the people as dogs. Between heaven and earth, it is like a tuoyuè (tuoyuè), which is void and unyielding, moving and coming out. It is better to keep the middle than to talk too much.

Chapter 6 The immortality of the god of grains is called the Xuan Xuan (pin). The gate of Xuanqi is the root of heaven and earth. If it exists, it is not used diligently.

Chapter 7 Forever. Therefore, those who can live long and long in heaven and earth can live forever because they do not generate by themselves. It is the saint who comes after him; Outside of the body, but in the body. It is not because of its selflessness (yé), so it can become its selfishness.

Chapter 8 Good as Water. Water is good for all things without fighting, and it is evil for everyone (wu), so it is more than the Tao. Dwelling in a good place, a good heart, a good heart, a good word, a good word, a good governance, a good work, and a good time. The husband is indisputable, so there is no especially.

Chapter 9 is not as good as it is; 揣 (zhui) and sharp, not long-term. The house is full of gold and jade, and Mo can keep it; Rich and arrogant, self-blame. After retiring, the way of heaven is also.

Chapter 10 contains the camp to hug one, can it be inseparable, and the things that go against the sky do not want to be long? 抟 (tuán) qi is soft, can it be a baby? Sleep to know. Cleanse the Xuan Lan (jiàn), can be flawless: how to cleanse it, with its filth, Xuan leads its origins, through the spiritual platform and passes, its traces are left by themselves, this person is also the law. Love the people and govern the country, can you do nothing? When the gate of heaven is opened and closed, can it be female? Understand Sida, can you be ignorant? of the living animal (xu). To be born but not to have, to be for the sake of not being ashamed, to grow but not to slaughter, is called Xuande.

Chapter 11 Thirty spokes have a total of one hub (gu), when it is not, there is a car. 埏埴 (shānzhi) is a device, when it is not, there is a use of a device. Chisel household (you) to think that the room, when it is not, there is a room. Therefore, some are used for profit, and nothing is used.

Chapter 12 The five colors are blinding, the five tones are deafening, the five flavors are refreshing, the tián hunting is maddening, and the rare goods are disturbing. It is not the goal of the saint's belly, so he goes to the other and takes this.

Chapter 13 is like a pampering humiliation, and you are in great trouble. (To be continued.) )