"(goldentriangle" refers to a triangular area located in the border area of Thailand, Myanmar and Laos in Southeast Asia, which is famous for its abundance of opium and other drugs and is the world's main drug producer. There are more than 3,000 villages and towns in northern Myanmar including Shan State and Kachin State in northern Myanmar, Chiang Rai Province and northern Chiang Mai Province in Thailand, Luang Namtha Province, Phongsali and Oudomxay Province in Laos, and western Luang Prabang Province. The total area is 194,000 square kilometers.

Because most of the areas are located at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the climate is hot, the rainfall is abundant, and the soil is fertile, which is extremely suitable for the growth of opium poppies.

Chiang Saen Prefecture is located on the Thai side of the former famous source of drugs. In the 60s of the 20th century, it became one of the four major drug producing areas famous for its abundant opium, and it became a golden area for opium poppy cultivation, refining, trafficking and smuggling. For a long time, there have been many armed forces and other drug weapons active here, so it is also known as "adventurer's paradise". Since the introduction of the alternative cultivation policy, local opium poppy cultivation has declined significantly. In order to help local farmers find jobs, Thai authorities have also promoted tourism, which is now one of the most popular tourist attractions for foreign tourists.

Although successive governments of the three countries have done anti-drug efforts, they have not been able to effectively stem the development of opium poppy cultivation in the region. At the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Britain, the United States, France and other countries successively went to the area to teach planting, refining, sales technology, and to take the acquisition of opium, the first opium production was formed here in the 50s of the 20th century, and then the "golden age" of the 60s, the output rose from dozens of tons to about 200 tons, to the early 80s, the output has reached about 700 tons, increased to 1200 tons in 1988, doubled in 1989, the output reached 2400 tons, and in 1991 has exceeded the 3000 tons mark.

In addition, there are many heroin processing plants in the area, most of which are located deep in the mountains and dense forests, and a large number of technicians operate advanced machinery and equipment to work day and night. Due to the high quality of opium in the region, which is mostly processed into the refined drug heroin, "seaheroin" has now become the term for high-quality heroin, which is sold all over the world.

In the "" area of Thailand, there are Miao, Yao and Susu peoples, who have been good at growing opium poppies for generations. Opium poppy cultivation is a major source of income for their economy and a shortcut to prosperity. As a result, the number of people engaged in opium poppy cultivation is increasing, as is the production of drugs.

Myanmar is the country with the largest opium poppy cultivation area and the largest production in the region. It is mainly inhabited by ethnic minorities in Myanmar, who have been living on opium poppy cultivation for generations. In order to confront the government and protect their opium cultivation, the local population armed themselves. The largest of these forces is the Khun Sa group on the former Burma-Thailand border. They have a strong, military-trained armed force of nearly 3,000 men. This unit is dressed in military uniform, equipped with sophisticated weapons and rich combat experience.

From the late 70s to the first few years of the 80s of the 20th century, due to the intensification of the offensive against the Khunsar group by the Burmese and Thai teams, a number of opium poppy plantations were destroyed. Over a period of time, opium poppy production has fallen dramatically, with the "Golden Crescent" in Central Asia once replacing it as the world's largest opium production base. However, since 1986, opium poppy production has recovered and developed rapidly, with a sharp increase in production, far exceeding the record high, and once again becoming the world's number one opium production base.

The annual trafficking of heroin through the "" region accounts for 60%~70% of the world's total, and the annual production capacity of heroin in this region can meet the needs of global heroin consumption for two years. In January 1996, the forces led by Khunsa surrendered to the government. However, drug production in this region has not stopped, and it is still the second largest opium-producing region in the world after the Golden Crescent.

The opium poppy is not a native plant of the region, and the regional drug problem is closely related to the continuous changes in the region's politics and international relations, and it is precisely the influence of internal and external political forces that has led to the continuous strengthening and development of the opium economy, and finally became one of the world's major drug empires. The drug problem in the region is getting worse. From the perspective of history, region, quantity and quality of drugs, we can simply divide the development of drugs in the region into several stages: the colonial era (marked by the end of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954), the remnants of the Kuomintang era (up to 10 years in the 1950s), the Vietnam War era (spanning nearly 20 years in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s), the Khun Sa era (more than 10 years before and after the 1980s), The post-Khun Sa era (from the surrender of Khun Sa to the present): from the perspective of the changes in the main opium-producing areas, it is: the Lao era, the Thai-Myanmar border era, and the northern Myanmar border era; Quantitatively, it is a leap in the area under cultivation of drugs and the production of opium; From a qualitative point of view, it is the continuous development of drug types, which have undergone a transition from the traditional "opium kingdom" to the "heroin kingdom" and "methamphetamine kingdom".

Don't forget the heroes and martyrs of southern Xinjiang -- the "Blue Flag Army" that defends the territory and resists drugs

As everyone knows, it is one of the two major drug nests in the world, along with Colombia in South America. What is less well known, however, is that it was the sinful Englishmen who planted the first seeds here. What is also little known is that in order to resist the invasion and poison of the British and protest against the surrender of the Manchu Qing authorities, under the leadership of Lin Honglie, the abandoning prefect, the Han and Dai ethnic groups formed the Blue Banner Army, and launched a singing and weeping struggle against the British thieves in an extremely difficult and helpless situation. : In 1825, a heavily armed British expedition arrived in what is known today as "", which at that time did not have the name "". Like the British in other parts of the planet, the expedition had the same intention of surveying the terrain and swallowing the territory. Using advanced weapons that the locals had never seen before, they quickly expelled most of the indigenous people and set up camp in Kokang County in the north. Through a comprehensive survey of this area, the British believed that this place was very suitable for the cultivation of opium, and after three years of trial planting, it was very successful, so they began to cultivate a large area in Kokang, Damengyang and other places. Most of the opium harvested was sold to Chinese mainland, poisoning the Chinese people.

At that time, the area where the British thieves were located was the border area between China and Burma, which was the main distribution area of the Shan people (i.e., the Dai people in China) in present-day Burma. Among them, the four counties of Kokang and Banhong in the north (the other two counties have unknown names and areas) are under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province. As a result, the actions of the British thieves were strongly opposed by the Burmese dynasty, and the local Shan tribes rose up to fight against them, and the powerful Qing government also intervened, so they were quickly expelled. However, the Yingyi, whose basic national policy was aggression and expansion, was fully aware of the economic value of Burma and its geostrategic value as a future invasion of the Chinese Empire. So soon the war against Burma was based in British India, and the Burmese dynasty was destroyed twice by armed occupation, and it was annexed to India as a province.

In 1840, the First Opium War between China and Britain caused a crushing defeat for the Qing Empire. Since then, the greatness of the 5,000-year-old empire, like its vast territory, has been rapidly eroded by the emerging Western powers.

On July 24, 1886, under the coercion of Yingyi, the Qing Dynasty signed the humiliating "Sino-British Conference Burma Treaty" with Yingyi, ceding the four counties of Kokang and Banhong in southern Yunnan to Yingyi. In this way, the Yingyi took full control of the area and began to sow the seeds of sin in this land.

Lin Honglie, former prefect of Kokang County. After Kokang was ceded, Lin Gong angrily resigned from the post of prefect of Cheli (Jinghong) granted by the Qing court, and led more than 1,000 loyal officers and soldiers to fight against the British thieves alone.

Luo Zhiman, the leader of the local Shan ethnic group, fiercely opposed the cultivation of opium by the British envoys, and rose up against the British thieves. Luo was soon bloodily suppressed by the British army, and was forced to lead the remnants to retreat into the mountains and persist in the struggle. After Lin Honglie raised his troops, Luo Zhiman led his troops to defect and formed the "Anti-British Blue Flag Army" with Lin Hebing.

After the formation of the Blue Banner Army, Lin Honglie was the generalissimo, and Luo Zhiman was named the general, recruiting loyal and brave soldiers, supporting more than 20,000 soldiers, and fighting against the British army for a long time. The Blue Flag Army and the British Army faced off for five or six years. During this period, a large number of opium fields were destroyed, and the living forces of the British army were wiped out, giving it a powerful blow. The Yingyi had nothing to do with this army, so they resorted to diplomatic means to put pressure on the Qing court, asking for troops to cooperate in suppressing the Blue Banner Army. And the incomparable Qing government was forced to accept the demand. It is a pity that the loyal and warlike Blue Banner Army was attacked on both sides, and there were no reinforcements, although they swore to resist to the death, they were outnumbered and began to retreat. In the end, Lin Honglie and Luo Zhiman led 5,000 soldiers to retreat to the Sahain River, where they were surrounded by the British and Qing armies. The 5,000 elites finally ran out of ammunition and food, stained the Savien River with blood, and all died heroically.

After the defeat of the Blue Banner Army, the unimpeded service of the British led to the vigorous cultivation of opium by the local people, and eventually the area became the opium base it is today, and became the source of drugs strongly criticized by the authorities of Western countries, including the current British government. The four counties of Kokang and Banhong, which originally belonged to China, have been controlled by Myanmar to this day.

When the author obtained the information to write this article, I felt a lot, but there are three conclusions: 1) I sincerely admire the officers and men of the Blue Flag Army led by Lin Honglie, who fought alone to defend the country in the extremely difficult environment of southern Xinjiang, and finally sacrificed their lives, and their patriotism is self-evident. In particular, Marshal Lin Honglie, in the humanistic environment of the society at that time with being an official as the greatest pursuit of life, under the social reality of the prefect of the border area, that is, the "soil emperor", and at the same time, he did not steal his life under the humiliating situation when the land was lost and the border people were about to be enslaved, but chose to resolutely resign from the government and fight bloodily.

2) A hundred years of humiliation, the ancient empire lost its endless territory and dignity. However, while paying attention to Mongolia, Sakhalin, and Iwo Sulfatus, and rejoicing in the return of Hong Kong and Macao, we must not forget that there is still a territory in the far south that is controlled by foreign countries. If we can't recover these lost territories, how can our generation face the clans and clans who have opened up territory for us and guarded the border with blood?

3) The UK is one of the leading countries in the fight against drugs today. Expressing determination, throwing money, supporting the international anti-drug organization, believing that he had suffered the most, made a "bitter cauliflower" shape. But I don't know if he is pretending to be stupid or really stupid, the earliest big drug dealers, who are not much bigger than the current "Colombian drug cartel" or "drug cartel", are the romantic, gentle, virtuous, and loving princess Diana and the ancestor of her former mother-in-law! In terms of the nature of the army and the purpose of its activities, China's "Anti-British Blue Flag Army" is the world's earliest armed anti-narcotics organization!

[edit this paragraph]: After the defeat of the 8th Army, an army without a motherland, in Yunnan, Li Mi retreated to Taiwan, leaving his soldiers behind and running away alone. Among them, the 93rd Division retreated all the way to the south, from Guangxi, and gradually retreated to the junction of Burma, Thailand, and Laos before settling down.

On the way to retreat, a soldier ran to the nearby crop field because he was really hungry, stole the sweet potatoes of the peasants, and was shot dead on the spot by the company commander. - Who said that the Kuomintang army has no military discipline? The regular army is also very strict. For half a year, the 93rd Division of the 8th Army had no fixed place to live and was displaced. On the night of Chinese New Year's Eve for 50 years, he finally escaped and entered the territory of Myanmar. In the process of escaping, the 93rd Division, together with the remnants of another regiment and a division, brought 7,000 soldiers and their families who were unwilling to surrender to foreign lands.

However, the Burmese government did not want to accept them, and so the war began. Although the soldiers have been defeated and defeated repeatedly in the civil war, it is more than enough to deal with the Burmese government army. Three downs, five places, and two, the Burmese army was defeated. Finally gaining a foothold. The Burmese government then complained to the United Nations, which is a later story. As soon as Li Mi saw that the remnants of his army were actually gaining a foothold and had won the Burmese government army, he immediately ran out and said - my army has won a victory on the Chinese border, which is the basis for a counterattack on the mainland, and then looked around for foreign help. However, the brothers of the 93rd Division no longer wanted to fight, and the long-term campaign made the officers and soldiers only want to return to Taiwan as soon as possible, but Li Mi resolutely refused to agree. Li Mi wanted to ask Chiang Kai-shek for capital, and the remnants of the 8th Army stationed in Yunnan just proved his role. After a year's rest, Li Mi asked the commander of the 93rd Division ** Regiment to counterattack the mainland. At the beginning, the ** offensive was rapid, capturing 4 counties in a row. But later, surrounded by 3 PLA divisions, it was finally defeated and retreated to Burma again. At this time, the Burmese army had reached an agreement with India, and it was decided that India would send troops to assist the Burmese army in driving out the remnants of the Kuomintang. It was a tough battle, and it was a final victory, but it was also a pyrrhic victory. With less than 10,000 troops, the remnants of the Kuomintang defeated the Indo-Burmese coalition army. Completely established on the Sino-Burmese border, and later the United Nations decided that the rest of the Kuomintang should withdraw to Taiwan, and Li Mi demanded that the old, weak, sick and disabled be evacuated, and the main force remained. But there is no longer the strength to counterattack the mainland, they want to return to the mainland, but the government does not agree. In this way, with an army without a homeland...... Later, in order to survive, opium cultivation began. For so many years, they have never forgotten that they are Chinese!

Although the first counterattack on the mainland in the Yunnan-Burma border region ended in failure, its influence was great! Li Mi was even more excited in Taipei, saying that with his remnants of less than 3,000 people, he connected 4 counties in a week, which shows that the combat power of "Yunnan **Fu**" is strong and cloudy. It also makes sense that the remnants of the Kuomintang had a slight upper hand at first, and then they urgently dispatched three divisions and tens of thousands of people to settle down. After that, the establishment of a military region and the construction of a military academy in Kunming also had a great deal to do with the original surrender of bandits.

At the end of the 50s, the communist army and the Burmese government reached an agreement to secretly send troops to the Yunnan-Burma border area to exterminate Chiang's bandits, but this time the dispatch was not very smooth. 1. The remnants of the Kuomintang have been operating in the Yunnan-Burma border area for many years and are familiar with the terrain and terrain; 2. The communist army went abroad to fight, the climate and geography were unknown, and the supply was insufficient, so the attack became a pursuit operation, and as soon as the communist army withdrew, the people came back. Later, Li Mi withdrew about 3,300 soldiers who were old, weak, sick and disabled to Taiwan, but still left about 2,500 soldiers as the main basis for the counterattack on the mainland. Basically, with the establishment of two regiments, the division headquarters personnel were evacuated.

After the 60s, our party has completely cleared the remnants of the Kuomintang on the mainland, but with the approach of the frenzy of the Kuomintang returning to the mainland in 1965, Li Mi once again asked the ** soldiers in the Yunnan-Burma border area to actively prepare for the second counterattack on the mainland, but the ** soldiers who stayed in the Yunnan-Burma border area know their strength very well, and it would be good to stay honestly, who has to go out to find death? So, the soldiers disobeyed, and the matter was finally settled.

In the 60s, China began to export to the surrounding areas, and revolutionary movements broke out in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. The Republican government of Myanmar began a continuous war, interjecting a paragraph - now a celebrity in Myanmar - Aung San Suu Kyi's father is resolute. At this time, the first soldiers of the 93rd Division had to fight with the Burmese Communist Party again in order to obtain the residence recognition of the Burmese government. Later, the Burmese Communist Party was unable to achieve victory, and the ** soldiers also suffered heavy casualties, and the most terrible thing was that there were no supplies at all (since Li Mi withdrew his troops in accordance with the United Nations, the supply line of the 93rd Division through Thailand was also frozen. Therefore, there are fewer and fewer remaining soldiers, and in the border areas of Yunnan, Thailand, and Burma, dozens of large and small armed forces have been formed, and the Burmese government has no choice but to improve its combat effectiveness by recruiting ** veterans, but the officers and men of the 93rd Division are unwilling to give up their motherland and do not want to join the Burmese nationality.

Later, after years of war and no supplies, the Communist Army officers and soldiers of the Communist Party of Myanmar and the Burmese detachment began to collectively grow opium in the area, forming the world's largest drug production and processing base! The practice of growing opium to raise military expenses is very popular in China. In the 80s, after China's reform and opening up, during the honeymoon period between China and the United States, most of the veterans of the 93rd Division who stayed in the Yunnan-Burma border area have become the year of the sixtieth century. They asked their homeland to return to their homeland, after all, the war of 50 years ago is a thing of the past...... However, for various reasons, the mainland government rejected their request, and they had to ask to stay in Myanmar again, but Myanmar rejected their application on the grounds that you refused last time.

Finally, the officers and men of the 93rd Division, who had remained in the Yunnan-Burma border area for nearly 40 years, became an army without a motherland......

After all, they are all descendants of Yan and Huang, and they are still celebrating the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival every year, singing Chinese folk songs and speaking Chinese language......

In a foreign land, in order to survive, they had to go to war with the Burmese government army, with the India-Burma coalition army, against the mainland for different faiths, with the gangs, and with the Burmese Communist Party......

Over the past 40 years, they have waged unremitting wars in order to survive, reflecting the tenacity and perseverance of the Chinese nation......