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On Christmas Eve, Shen Ying flew from the capital to Shanghai to see Fan Wuxi, who had not returned home for half a month.

Fan Wuxi, who was so busy in the dark, took time out to pick up Shen Ying at the airport, but unexpectedly found that she was followed by Minister Zhang of the General Armament Department, as well as some military experts, and the lineup was quite gorgeous.

"How did you get together?" Fan Wuxian asked with some surprise.

Shen Ying pulled down her fluffy fire fox fur hat and wore a pure black shiny mink fur coat, which made her skin as tender as jade, and said to Fan Wuxian with a smile when she heard this, "Uncle is here to help you pull technical talents, otherwise why would he leave the headquarters at this time?" ”

Minister Zhang laughed, walked down with his team of experts, and introduced them to Fan Wuxian one by one.

Fan Wuxi shook hands with the experts in surprise and greeted him, and asked his assistant to quickly arrange a car to pick up the airport, after all, he didn't expect Minister Zhang to bring more than a dozen people over, and only drove two cars over.

"Don't bother so much, just find a minibus." Minister Zhang waved his hand.

Fan Wuxi immediately objected, "That's not good, these experts you brought over are all treasures, how dare I slack off?" ”

In the introduction just now, Fan Wuxian knew that these experts in front of him, at least with the rank of colonel, are all aviation power experts or aerodynamic experts within the military, all of whom have been developed by military transport aircraft.

Besides, my headquarters is not too far from here, and it won't take long to rush over with a phone call, and it's nothing more than that my people will find a place to rest first.

Fortunately, the environment at the airport is not bad, a total of more than 20 people plus more than a dozen bodyguards, everyone found a relatively large hall, sat in it for a while, drank some tea, Minister Zhang talked about the original intention of this time.

"I'm mainly afraid that you won't be able to figure out the depth and shallowness of the water here, so my uncle came over to dial you." Shen Ying leaned against Fan Wuxi's side and said to him.

"It's hard, it's hard." Fan Wuxian hurriedly expressed his gratitude to Minister Zhang and Shen Ying, but he didn't think so much in his heart, the General Armament Department was established not long ago, how much can he know about the large aircraft project?

Minister Zhang seemed to see the doubts in Fan Wuxi's heart, so he said to him, "Although I am not engaged in aviation, but I still have a good understanding of the general environment at that time, and from the standpoint of a bystander, I have to see this matter more thoroughly. ”

"Oh? Then I'll have to ask my uncle for some advice. Fan Wuxian suddenly came to his senses, and it was obviously rare to listen to the gossip of ministerial-level leaders, especially this kind of high-level gossip.

So Minister Zhang took advantage of the opportunity for everyone to chat and told Fan Wuxian the ins and outs.

Since the launch of the Y-10, when discussing the civil aircraft project, there has been a strong proposition in the aviation industry that the development of civil aircraft should start with regional aircraft, and then transition to trunk aircraft.

Mainline aircraft generally refer to passenger aircraft with more than 100 seats and a maximum range of more than 5,000 kilometers. No one in the aviation industry denies that mainline airliners are the leading products of the civil aircraft industry, but some people have always advocated that regional airliners should be regarded as an entry point for the development of the civil aircraft industry.

Although there is some truth in this statement, it cannot withstand the torture of one fact: Didn't China once develop the Yun-10 that can soar into the sky? Even from the perspective of technical learning for the development of large aircraft, isn't it easier, faster and more effective to start learning from the Y-10 platform than from the regional aircraft? If it is concluded that there is no market for self-developed large passenger aircraft before the aircraft is developed, it can only be said that there is fear, but there is no evidence that there will be no market.

"In fact, the real reason for advocating regional aircraft first is not that it is much more difficult to independently develop trunk aircraft than to independently develop regional aircraft, but that compared with large aircraft that collide head-on with international oligarchs, it is easier to negotiate joint venture projects for regional aircraft, easier to obtain international airworthiness certificates, easier to purchase foreign technology, and easier to make political achievements." Minister Zhang explained to Fan Wuxian, "Even if you have the technical ability to develop small aircraft, you will not easily develop the technical ability to develop large aircraft, because the technical nature of the two is very different. Theoretically, a large aircraft is not a simple amplification of a small aircraft, because many aerodynamic phenomena and structural mechanical properties are subject to similarity. ”

Fan Wuxian nodded, he understood this truth, the so-called change from quantity to quality, although the appearance looks similar, but in fact it is completely different.

This is just like once the mass of a star is magnified to a certain extent, a planet will become a star, and of course planets and stars are two completely different concepts, and this is the truth.

Large aircraft are generally suitable for high bypass ratio turbofan engines because of their low exhaust speed, high propulsion efficiency, good economy, low fuel consumption and low noise. In addition, the design of the large aircraft includes the integral fuel tank placed in the wings, which is to carry dozens of tons of fuel, including the airtight cabin that occupies the entire length of the fuselage, the high-power hydraulic system and electrical system, the large-capacity pressurized air conditioning system, including various safety measures such as anti-structural fatigue, lightning protection, anti-turbulence and land and water safety forced landing, as well as cabin facilities and living equipment. In order to make the large aircraft carrying extremely heavy aircraft land safely and effectively alleviate the impact of the landing impact on the fuselage and the ground, the landing gear design of the large aircraft is completely different from that of the small aircraft. Finally, the requirements for flight test technology, strength and static tests of large aircraft are also much higher than those of small aircraft.

Of course, some of the regional planes are small planes, and some are large ones. However, it should be noted through the above comparison that large aircraft have specific design problems and constitute specific technical fields, so the technical capabilities of developing mainline aircraft will not naturally extend from the ability to develop regional aircraft, but must be developed through the process of developing large aircraft.

However, the authorities of the aviation industry have been opposed to the Y-10 project.

"There are only two reasons why an industrial authority treats a project worthy of pride in its own industry in this way: First, the Y-10 project is carried out outside the system of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, which violates the monopoly power of the industry authority under the planned economic system. Second, the Y-10 has taken a path of independent development and design, while the leading thinking of the aviation industry authorities is just the opposite. Why is an industrial authority opposed to self-development and self-design? To answer this question, it is necessary to analyze the historical path of industrial development and its impact on industrial culture. Minister Zhang said eloquently, "China's aviation industry was laid with the assistance of the former Soviet Union, the practice at that time was to quickly copy the former Soviet Union's production plants in China, according to the former Soviet Union's drawings to produce the former Soviet Union's designed aircraft, China's aviation industry was established from the production plant, because China and the former Soviet Union signed an aviation industry cooperation agreement did not support China's aircraft design by the former Soviet Union, so the former Soviet Union only taught China how to produce, but did not teach China how to design." ”

The historical path of establishing the production system first has produced a long-term organizational inertia, that is, the tradition of emphasizing production and ignoring design. At that time, China faced the threat of the United States and urgently needed to equip aircraft. It is impossible not to put this pressure on the authorities of the aviation industry to focus their efforts on mass production of aircraft as soon as possible.

Organizationally, the focus on production would lead to more promotions of administrative cadres from the production sector, coupled with the political atmosphere of distrust of intellectuals in the decades after the founding of the People's Republic of China, so designers were in a position where they did not have much say in the aviation industry. Once this organizational inertia is formed, it deprives the idea and effort to establish a design center.

The administrative department of the aviation industry even put forward the slogan that design serves production, which in fact abolished design and used technical forces to maintain the production of former Soviet aircraft, and the technical work was biased towards technology, forming a priority order of production, technology, and design.

"To this day, China's aviation industry has not yet stepped out of the system laid down more than half a century ago. The Ministry of Aviation Industry is the only industrial administrative department among the seven ministries of industry that does not have a ministerial research institute, and the aviation industry has gradually formed a long-term industrial culture, that is, it does not believe in independent design. Minister Zhang said to Fan Wuxian.

"In that case, how did Yun 10 come about?" Fan Wuxi felt that this question was a bit contradictory.

Since the Ministry of Aviation Industry does not have the design capabilities, how did the Y-10 come about?

"The Y-10 was built in Shanghai, and it was actually outside the management of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, so it was successful." Minister Zhang replied helplessly.

"Huh?" Fan Wuxi was a little surprised when he heard this, he got rid of the leading department, but succeeded?

"In fact, it is true-" Minister Zhang himself felt that this matter was a bit ridiculous, but as an insider, he felt that it was still necessary to objectively analyze the events of the year for Fan Wuxi, "I didn't receive the constraints of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, so Yun 10 can get it out." ”

It has been said that vested interests under the traditional system are the biggest enemies of innovation.

Technological progress is not a purely technical issue, but an organizational and institutional one. Since the technological development of China's civil aviation industry has been almost stagnant in the past 20 years, why was the Y-10 able to achieve technological success before that?

In fact, it is because of a simple fact that the Y-10 is the only project in the decades-long history of China's aviation industry that has been implemented outside the direct jurisdiction of the administrative department of the aviation industry.

Technically speaking, the key to the success of the Y-10 project lies in the fact that the project is coordinated by the Shanghai side, so that the design and development of the Y-10 is free from the shackles of the administrative departments of the aviation industry and its imitation technology and culture, so that China's designers and technicians can carry out a series of innovations, even in the historical stage of the Cultural Revolution, the breakthrough in the system can also have a huge effect on technological progress, then, China's civil aviation industry wants to turn over the battle when the 21st century comes, It is necessary to make a breakthrough in the system.

After listening to Minister Zhang's words, Fan Wuxian touched his chin and thought that when he became the chairman of the Aviation Manufacturing Group Company, he should be able to directly kick out of the administrative department and throw off his arms to do a big job, right?

Or, in less than ten years, you will be able to get on your own big plane.

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