Reprinted Li Shi's militia defeated Jingzhou

Rating: Intermediate Black

Date: December 18, 2009 Source: Enter the forum Hits: 101 I want to comment [Favorite]

Abstract: After the Tang army captured Chang'an, it was surrounded by enemies on all sides. All other places won, but the Western Front was tightened. Li Shimin took the stolen army of Princess Pingyang to fight Xue Ju, and even suffered defeats. Prince Jiancheng had to give up the great opportunity, stop the attack on Luoyang, and return to the division to hand over Liu Wenjing and others to Li Shimin to save the situation on the Western Front. Wang Shichong had to survive for three years, and the people of the country suffered heavy losses. Even so, Li Shimin still failed miserably, and Liu Wenjing and others became scapegoats. Liu Wenjing died, and Li Shimin was the biggest suspect. Xue Qin's internal rout allowed Li Shimin to succeed, and he had always been as timid as a mouse before. Tang and Qin were peasant rebels who fought each other. It was the landlord class that benefited. The disaster of the war affected the population of the Tang District suffered heavy losses, and Longxi withered, Li Shimin had an unshirkable responsibility, but he even blew out the myth of the defeat Xue Ju asked the Son of Heaven if there was anything wrong.

In July of the first year of Wude (617 AD), the defeat of Li Shi's militia in Jingzhou is not a new topic, and some people have realized it a long time ago. "Old Tang Gaozu Benji" admits that "autumn and July...... King Qin and Xue Ju fought in Jingzhou, and our division was defeated. Li Shimin Ji also said that "in July of the first year of Wude, Xue Ju Koujing Prefecture, Taizong (Li Shimin) led the crowd to discuss the unfavorable." "The Old Tang Dynasty was written by the Tang Dynasty, and there is no reason to suspect that they smeared Li Shimin, and it is only possible to downplay Li Shimin's responsibility and loss as much as possible. In the old biography, it was blamed on Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan. "The Biography of Xue Ju" says:

Taizong (Li Shimin) led the crowd to attack it, and the army was high in the city, and the food was small, with the intention of fighting quickly, and it was ordered to fight the deep ditch and strong wall, and the old division was used. Before the battle, Taizong did not hesitate, and the marching commander Shi Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan asked the troops to watch the troops in the southwest of Gaodun, and the crowd was not equipped to cover up the troops behind. When Taizong heard this, he knew that he would fail, and he was responsible for it. Before he arrived, the two armies fought together, but they were defeated, the dead were fifteen or sixteen, and the generals Murong Luohu, Li Anyuan, and Liu Hongji were all trapped. Taizong returned to the Beijing Division, raised an army to take the high jaw, and sent Rengao into the siege of Ningzhou. Hao Ying said in the move: "Today, the Tang soldiers are newly broken, the generals are captured, and the Beijing division is in turmoil, so you can take advantage of the victory to take Chang'an." "Naturally. Before the attack and the disease, the witch was called to see it, the witch said that the Tang soldiers were troubled, and the evil was raised, and he died in a few days.

The losses are heavy, and the danger of Tang is clear. But the responsibility is on Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan, but Li Shimin has always been right. But it can't be justified. It is said that Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan did not listen to Li Shimin's rash advance. In this way, it is a defeat to attack. However, "the crowd is not equipped" shows that it was attacked by Xue Ju's initiative.

"The Biography of Liu Wenjing" and "The Biography of Yin Kaishan" are roughly the same. However, "The Biography of Liu Wenjing" said that it was defeated by the army, and "The Biography of Yin Kaishan" said that it was defeated by Yaowu with might. have avoided the saying that "the public is not equipped".

"New Tang Dynasty" is completely blamed on Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan, and "Gaozu Benji" said that Liu Wenjing was defeated. Li Shimin Ji said, "Taizong (Li Shimin) has a disease, and the generals will be defeated." ”

"Tongjian" is eclectic, admitting that the public is not equipped, and points out that "the submersible division is hidden behind, Renzi, fighting in the shallow water plain, the eight commanders are all defeated, the soldiers and the dead are five or six, the generals Murong Luohu, Li Anyuan, and Liu Hongji are all gone, and the people of the world have brought troops back to Chang'an." Then he raised the jaw and accepted the dead of the Tang soldiers as Jingguan; Wen Jing and others were all removed from the list. ”

It is said that the generals went out to fight for profit and were defeated, and they were defeated by showing off their might. One is to say, "the crowd is not equipped". Which one should we believe?

There can only be one answer, it is not that the generals will go out to fight for profit and lose, and they will be defeated by showing off their might. It can only be that the crowd is not equipped with equipment. It is an indisputable fact that Tang soldiers are strong and have many soldiers. There is also a special discussion below. Only one point is pointed out here, in "The Biography of Liu Wenjing", it is said that Li Shimin warned Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan: "Raise less food and soldiers are tired, and hang the army deeply." So good, this is Li Shimin's own admission, Xue Ju is weak, Tang Jun is strong. In this case, even if Li Shimin does not fight, it is the best policy to use the old enemy's division. Then Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan will still have a great chance of victory when they take advantage of the war, and at best the price will be greater-just some, and there will never be any worries about the death of soldiers and the commotion of the Beijing division. In fact, I can't see that the Tang army does not take advantage of the fact that the Tang army is outnumbered, the troops are strong and the food is abundant, and the enemy army is short of food and tired, and there is a need for the Tang army to not go out of the wall. Why didn't Tang Jun have any worries about the elders? "Tongjian" said that it should be a fact that Xue Ju submerged in the aftermath of the attack.

The so-called Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan did not listen to Li Shimin's war benefits. Pure lies. It's just Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan. Later, he boasted that he was the only one who was right, and it seemed that he would not fail if he did what he wanted.

But fortunately, among the feudal historians, there are still people who admit that Li Shimin lost the battle. The author of "Old Tang" cannot but admit it. But Ouyang Xiu is different, in order to make Li Shimin as sacred as possible, he completely blames Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan.

Now some people also realize that Li Shimin lost the battle and blamed others. But the actual situation is much stricter, otherwise there would be no need for me to write this article.

(1) Li Shimin's defeat in December of the first year of Yining and the forged victory

Li Shimin's battle against Xue Ju was by no means limited to the shallow water plain in July of the first year of Wude. The shallow water plain was really unseemly defeated and could not be contained, so it had to be preserved in the historical records.

"Princess Pingyang, the Founding Daughter of the Tang Dynasty" has long said that Li Shimin did not have many troops, and his army was stolen from Princess Pingyang, which is an indisputable fact. When Li Shimin first arrived in Sizhu, Princess Pingyang had 70,000 soldiers, plus Li Shentong and Duan Lun, a total of 90,000. Later, it grew to 130,000. Therefore, it is appropriate to estimate that Princess Pingyang's army has grown to 100,000. Under Chang'an, Li Shentong went to the east, and Duan Lun was wiped out, but the author knows that he and Li Chen, the king of Xiangwu, who was later killed by Li Shimin, and Li Xiaogong, the king of Zhaojun, who was imprisoned by Li Shimin, went to Bashu, and it doesn't matter here. And Li Shimin went west to deal with Xue Ju. "Tongjian" said: "Yuan envoy Li Shimin will attack him. He also made Jiang Xuan and Dou Liang go out of the pass to appease Longyou. ”

Obviously, Li Shimin is the commander-in-chief of the military.

Jiang Jian said in "Tang Gaozu Uprising in Jinyang" that he was the first to follow Gaozu to raise troops and be important to Gaozu, and he also recognized Gaozu as the master of chaos, and he supported him with his body. "Old Tang Jiang Xuan" "Shi Xue raised Kou Qin and Long, with the hope of Xizhou, edicted to Longyou to appease, and undertook to engage in cheap. …… Han and Dou rail out of the pass, Xiahechi, Hanyang two counties. "And sure enough, it happened. "Tongjian" said that in December of the first year of Yining, "Yiwei, Pingliang stayed behind Zhang Long, Ding You, Hechi Taishou Xiao Yu and Fufeng Hanyang County came and surrendered one after another. With Dou Xuan as the secretary of the Ministry of Industry and Yan Guogong, Xiao Yu as the secretary of the Ministry of Rites and Song Guogong. "Since Xiao Yu entered Beijing as an official, the army was naturally handed over. Jiang Xuan is obviously doing political work. Xiao Yu's army was either directly handed over to Li Shimin, or handed over to Dou Rail, that is, indirectly to Li Shimin. Fufeng Taishou Dou Xuan participated in the battle Xue Ju after his surrender.

There is also a Liu Shirang. According to the biography of "New Tang Dynasty":

Gaozu entered Chang'an, returned to the river, and awarded the general doctor. When Tang Biyu Dang Kou helped the wind, the world asked for peace, Xu Zhi, got thousands of people, because of the award of the head of the march of Anding Road, led 20,000 troops to refuse Xue Ju, the battle was invincible, and the younger brother Bao was not in the thief.

"Old Tang" is about the same, but it doesn't say 20,000 people.

Liu Shirang is the strongest in the army. Xiao Yu and Dou Xuan, as small county guards, only had a few thousand soldiers at best. From Wude's defeat in July, it can be seen that "the eight general troops were all defeated" that all the governors in Longxi were under the command of Li Shimin. Then they and Dou Liang should be under the command of Li Shimin.

There is also that Li Anyuan, Gaozu attacked Jiangjun and was captured together with Chen Shuda. Later, in the first year of Wude, he was awarded the right Wuwei general. Judging from the word "right", it should be Li Shimin's subordinates. In December of the first year of Yining, he had gone to fight Xue Ju with Li Shimin. Later, in addition to Liu Shirang, Xiao Yu, Dou Rail, Dou Xuan, and Li Anyuan were all party to Li Shimin. "The Biography of Old Tang Liu Wenjing, Li Anyuan's Biography" is silent about Li Anyuan's defeat. It is Li Anyuan's party to Li Shimin, and he wants to cover up his defeat for Li Shimin.

But in December of the first year of Yining, not only Liu Shirang, but also Jiang Yan and Dou Liang all lost the battle one after another. Dou Rail was returned, and Liu Shirang was Xue Ju. Since this is the case, then if they defeat the battle, it is Li Shimin who defeats the battle! Neither the old nor the new texts are mentioned. Liu Shirang had 20,000 soldiers, and it was not a big defeat that destroyed the character, but it could not be regarded as a small defeat.

But Li Shimin actually fabricated the first year of Yining in December of the first year, hit Xue Rengao ("Tongjian" is Xue Renguo) in Fufeng, broke it, Xue Ju was terrified, and asked his ministers: "Since ancient times, the Son of Heaven has something to do?" The myth comes.

This is an outright lie!

First of all, Xue Ju was not the "Son of Heaven" at that time. Rather, it is called the overlord of Western Qin. "Tongjian" admitted that according to the "Records of Tang Gaozu", "Xinmao in April (17th) of the first year of Wude, raised the honorific title. Sima Guangming knew that Xue Ju did not call the emperor at that time, and called the emperor after the death of Emperor Yang of Sui in the second year. In March, Emperor Yang of Sui died, and the news reached Longxi, and on April 17, Xue Ju was proclaimed emperor. Since in December of the first year of Yining, Xue Ju was not yet the emperor, how could he have asked, "Is there something wrong with the Son of Heaven?" ”？

The so-called defeat of Xue Ju by Li Shimin in the first year of Yining is completely imaginary, and it was fabricated by Li Shimin in order to label himself with gold and cover up the defeat, especially to dilute the defeat in July of the first year of Wude.

There is no reason not to believe in "Tang Gaozu Records", the parties are all there, and it is impossible for Xue Ju to make such a big difference in the emperor. Other records, such as "Tang Shu Xue Ju Biography", the so-called autumn and July of the thirteenth year of the Great Cause, raised the name in Lanzhou. It was completely fabricated by Li Shimin's party members after the fact in order to fulfill Li Shimin's lies. "Tang Gaozu Record" Li Shimin has also seen it. Sima Guang did not adopt the "Records of Tang Gaozu" and adopted the "Biography", which was purely from the so-called question Chu Liang: "Is there anything wrong with the Son of Heaven?" The lie is pushed backwards. Li Shimin's fart is also fragrant? The "Gaozu Record" is clear about the sun and the moon, and it happened to be shortly after the death of Emperor Yang of Sui, which is reasonable. No one has any reason to fabricate on this sun and moon. And the so-called emperor in July of the thirteenth year of the Great Cause, not only did not have a clear date, but there was no important reason like the death of Emperor Yang. The only reason is to lie for Li Shimin.

"The Book of Sui: The Records of the Emperor" said that in the first year of Yining, "at the end of December, Xue Ju claimed to be the Son of Heaven, and Kou Fufeng Qin Gong (Li Shimin) was the marshal and broke it." The Book of Sui, which claims to have been written by Wei Zheng, is not only co-authored by everyone, but also shows from the avoidance of the words "world" and "people" that it has been tampered with after Li Shimin's death. In order to adapt to Li Shimin's lies, the falsifiers said that Xue Ju had proclaimed himself emperor ten days earlier. The biggest possibility is Chu Liang's son Chu Suiliang. Later, the new tamper felt that ten days was too much, and moved the time to July. History is like dough that they knead and turn.

The defeat of Jiang Yan, Dou Xuan, and Liu Shirang was shortly after the so-called Li Shimin broke Xue Rengao. Liu Shirang's defeat in Fufeng is also the so-called Li Shimin's defeat of Xue Ju, and it is self-evident that he was defeated by Li Shimin's command! "Tongjian" came immediately after Ding You and Xiao Yu came to descend. Ding You is December 21, only four days before the so-called Great Destruction Xue Rengao. Even if it's the end of the month! After December 17, there are only thirteen days left in the first year of Yining. If Xue Ju was really defeated, he had to ask, "Did the Son of Heaven come down?" "Do you still have the ability to defeat Dou Rail and Liu Shirang? Liu Shirang has 20,000 soldiers, not too much and not too little, Xue Ju can first defeat Dou Rail, and then beat him and Di Bao as prisoners, this power is not small, Xue Ju needs to ask: "What is the matter with the Son of Heaven?" "What?

In short, this is another lie fabricated by Li Shimin

"Tang Shu Jiang Xuan" said that "the rail underestimates the enemy, and the defeat is lost", and the responsibility is completely put on Dou Rail. It doesn't matter if that's the case or not. Since Dou Rail is a light enemy, then it should be a "heavy enemy". That is, Xue Ju still has quite a strong strength, so he will ask, "What is the matter with the Son of Heaven?" "What? In particular, since Xue Ju has reached the point of surrendering, not long after, in July of the first year of Wude, where did he get such a great strength to beat the Tang army, which was outnumbered, to five or six? It also made the Jingshi riot!

A lie is a lie after all, and it is inevitably full of loopholes. I can't justify it.

At most, we can only imagine that after Tang occupied Chang'an, Fufeng became a strategic place seized by Tang and Xue Ju. Tang Jiezu is first-served. Xue Rengao was fast, and only brought a few soldiers first, and when he saw that Tang had occupied it first, he retreated. At best, there have been some minor contacts between the two sides. It is difficult to say who will win and who will lose, let alone win or lose. After Xue Rengao returned, he brought a large team of men and horses to compete for Fufeng. The result was a big defeat for Liu Shirang and others. "Tang Ji" avoids talking about it. The prince and the king of Qi have big things, some of which are still fabricated, and they also have to be written about.

The real situation can only be: Li Shimin's battle against Xue Ju did not go well at the beginning, and Dou Rail was defeated first, especially later Liu Shirang's brothers were defeated. Under such circumstances, Li Shimin will never be able to withdraw from the Western Front. The Western Front is tight!

But the prince went east to Luoyang City, and it is said that it was Li Shimin's credit? !

(2) Fake marshal of the Eastward Advance

"Tongjian" said: In the first month of the second year of Yining, "Wuchen, the king of Tang (Tang Gaozu) took Shizi Jiancheng as the left marshal, and Qin Gong Shimin as the right marshal, and supervised more than 100,000 troops to save the eastern capital. ”

Wuchen is the twenty-second day of the first month, only thirty-five days before the so-called defeat of Xue Rengao, and from the defeat of Dou Rail and Liu Shirang, at most twenty days.

When did Li Shimin withdraw from the Western Front? Will he be able to pull out? It is 850 miles from Jingshi to the eastern capital, more than 390 miles to Fufeng, and it is said that Li Shimin chased to Yuandi after defeating Xue Rengao, and it takes about 20 days to go back and forth. How could he abandon Dou Rail and Liu Shirang's defeat and ignore it, hurry to the east, and when he arrived at Luoyang City, he didn't attack, and hurried to the west, and then went to fight Xue Ju? Is he fighting guerrilla warfare?

"Old Tang Dynasty" Li Shimin Ji even said that Yining was restored to the right marshal in December of the first year, with a total of 100,000 troops in the eastern capital. didn't mention the prince Jiancheng. As mentioned before, after the so-called defeat of Xue Rengao, there are only thirteen days before the end of the year, and it will be less than nine days if you add Dou Liang and Liu Shirang's defeat. Is he a mechanized unit?

Since ancient times, two marshals have been in charge, and it is better for one marshal to be in charge. Why did Tang Gaozu, a battle-hardened military strategist, always send Li Shimin every time he sent the crown prince to become a marshal? Didn't Gaozu know that two marshals in one army could not win the battle? The Battle of Xihe said that the prince Jiancheng went with Li Shimin, and even said that Li Shimin went. And now it's like that again.

In fact, it can only be that Li Shimin has been dealing with Xue Ju on the Western Front, and has never been to the Eastern Front at all. It was built as the left marshal to Luoyang in the east, and Li Shimin as the right marshal to fight Xue Ju in the west. "Tang Gaozu Uprising Jinyang" has already said that at that time, the left meant east, the right meant west, and the left was bigger than the right. The two marshals each looked after each other, which was in line with military common sense. Two marshals went to one end, and the other ended the battle was defeated, but it was ridiculous that the army had no commander.

The so-called exploits of Li Shimin in the east to Luoyang are all the merits of plundering the prince for himself. As for the 22nd day of the first month, it was just a marshal, and the people had already gone. It's just like "March, Ji You, with Qi Gongyuan Ji as the general of Zhenbei, the marshal of the Taiyuan Road march, and the military governor of the fifteen counties, listen to the cheap to do it." ("Tongjian"), it does not mean that the king of Qi only went to Taiyuan at that time.

It was the prince who hit the foot of Luoyang City, and it was the prince who summoned the eastern capital.

When the prince was built in the Tang Dynasty, when Gaozu crossed the river from Hedong to Changchun, he went to Yongfengcang. Liu Wenjing and Wang Changhuan are all subordinates. Later, Qu Tutong's main force was eliminated, and Tang Gaozu thought that Qu Tutong was no longer enough to worry about, so he asked the prince to build an elite army, go west to Chang'an, and participate in the attack on Chang'an. Liu Wenjing, eldest grandson Shunde, Qian Jiulong and others were left to deal with Qu Tutong who took Maicheng. Later, Liu Wenjing and others defeated Qu Tutong, Sang Xianhe descended to Tang, Qu Tutong was defeated and captured, and Liu Wenjing and others went to the east. At this time, the capital has fallen. Tang Gaozu asked Li Xiaogong, Li Jin, Duan Lun and others to go south to Bashu, let Li Shimin go west to deal with Xue Ju, and Prince Jiancheng led the army east to the foot of Luoyang City. That's the truth.

When retreating from Luoyang, Liu Hong was sent to set up an ambush based on the Mausoleum of the Three Kings, and it was the prince who defeated Duan Da. Liu Hongji was originally one of the three commanders of the left army and had been following the crown prince. It's just that when approaching Hedong County, on the order of Gaozu, he crossed the Yellow River with Yin Kaishan and Wang Changhuan first, and later collected 60,000 troops in Weibei and became the best of the six Hongji soldiers. But "Tang Shu Liu Hongji Biography" actually said: "From Taizong (Li Shimin) hit Xue Ju in Fufeng, broke it, and chased him back to Longshan." ", "From Taizong to the eastern capital, he fought outside the Yingluo Gate and broke it. Shi Xuan, Hongji is the hall. The Sui generals Duan Da and Zhang Zhi were in the Mausoleum of the Three Kings, and Hongji defeated them. "Tongjian" also said, "The people of the world said: 'When the city sees me retreating, he will come to chase me.'" 'It is to set up three dormants in the tombs of the three kings to wait for them; Duan Daguo chased after more than 10,000 people and was defeated in an ambush. The people of the world drove north, arrived at the city, and cut more than 4,000 ranks. Then the two counties of Xin'an and Yiyang were placed, so that Shi Wanbao, the head of the march, and Sheng Yanshi would fight in Yiyang, and Lu Shaozong and Ren Huan would return to Xin'an. "It's all a lie, and the prince's merits are recorded in Li Shimin's merit book.

said that Liu Hongji was Li Shimin's person. It is not true at all to say that Jingluodong is under Li Shimin's orders, and the so-called attack on Xue Ju from Li Shimin to Fufeng is not a fact at all. Before Liu Hongji went down to Chang'an, he moved to Weibei, although he slightly went to Fufeng, and then he tun the ancient city of Chang'an, Yaojun Jinguangmen, and defeated Wei Wensheng. It has nothing to do with Li Shimin. It has been said in "Princess Pingyang, the Founding Daughter of the Tang Dynasty" and "Tang Gaozu Uprising in Jinyang".

The two counties of Xin'an and Yiyang are also princes. Shi Wanbao, the commander of the marching army, Sheng Yanshi, and Lu Shaozong and Ren Huan returned to Xin'an, who were still the prince.

"Tang Gaozu Uprising in Jinyang" has already said that Ren Huan and the prince have long been ordered by Gaozu and married heroes in Hedong. Shi Wanbao and Li Shentong raised troops together, which was in line with Li Shentong's eastward direction. Lü Shaozong besieged Hedong (Puban) when Gaozu crossed the Yellow River, and at this time it was also eastward. Sheng Yanshi according to the biography of "Old Tang Dynasty": "In the great cause, he is the mayor of Chengcheng. The righteous teacher went to Fenyin, led more than 1,000 guests to the river, worshiped the doctor of Yinqing Guanglu, the head of the march, and went from Pingjing City. He was one of the prince's friends in Hedong, so he went to the east with the prince.

It is precisely because Yiqiē is a prince that "New and Old Tang" both said: "In the second year, he was awarded the general of the Fu army and the marshal of the East Expedition, and the generals were 100,000 in Luoyang." And also, Emperor Gong granted the book order. Li Shimin said that he went to the Eastern Capital, so what official position did he get?

The prince's army went to Luoyang City: "The Eastern Capital ordered not to go out of the four gates, and people have no solid will", "There are many people in the city who want to be the internal responders." The most typical is: "Chao Yilang Duan Shihong and others conspired with the Western Division." The Western Division has been returned, so he sent someone to recruit Li Mi, hoping to accept him at night. Feeling the matter, King Yue ordered Wang Shichong to punish him. It is said that the city has been decided, and it is returned. ”

The prince was almost about to join forces with the inside and outside to conquer the eastern capital, but he suddenly abandoned Duan Shihong and the others and hurried away. What is the reason for this? Li Shimin said that he went to the eastern capital, and when he returned to the division, he was: "'My new Dingguanzhong is not fixed at all, and the army is far away, although it has the eastern capital, it cannot be defended. And so he didn't. Wu Yin, lead the army back. This argument simply does not hold water. Even if they could not defend the east, Wang Shichong and other reactionary forces were eliminated, the cultural relics and classics and treasury of the Sui Dynasty were in hand, and some of the old Sui army was eliminated, some were absorbed, some were dismissed, and the most heinous crimes were suppressed. The people in Luoyang City will not die in large numbers due to famine. After taking it, it is very rewarding, and even if it cannot be defended, it is too late to withdraw.

It was precisely because Luoyang did not go down at that time that it dragged on for more than three years. The people of Luoyang starved to death from 30,000 households to less than 3,000 households. Other losses will by no means be smaller than the deaths of the people of Luoyang, and they have not yet been counted.

There must be something urgent to return in such a hurry, just look at where the East Route Army came later. Liu Hongji, Liu Wenjing, and Yin Kaishan all went to the Western Front.

There is only one answer: the Western Front is tight, Li Shimin is almost unable to stand it, and has to ask Gaozu for help. Gaozu had no choice but to abandon the eastern capital, withdraw the crown prince, and transfer the prince's army to rescue Li Shimin and deal with Xue Ju. Li Shimin said: "My new customs are not fixed at all. There is some truth in this statement, but it is precisely because of his defeat that it is "not solid". Some people may say: "At that time, Guanzhong was threatened by Xue Ju, and Li Shimin cannot be blamed." There is no truth in this. First of all, didn't Li Shimin say that Xue Ju wanted to surrender? That's the disease of scabies. Li Shimin's own words exposed his lies. On the other hand, Guanzhong was not only threatened by Xue Ju, but also a greater threat, and was defeated by others, thus lifting the threat. This can be seen in the humble work "The Great Hole in the History of the Founding of the Tang Dynasty". - This was completely erased by later generations of feudal historians. Of course, Li Shimin will not like it, because it makes him correspondingly clumsy.

Yang Xuangan stormed Luoyang at the beginning. Li Mi knew that it was better to go to Chang'an first than Luoyang, so he was forced to storm Luoyang. Tang has already got Chang'an in his hands, so he should attack Luoyang. Yang Xuangan didn't respond yet, and Li Mi didn't respond at first. If it could be avoided, no one would advocate withdrawal. Coming in a hurry and leaving in a hurry can only show that Tang has worries.

According to the biography of "Tongjian" and "Tang", Liu Wenjing admonished Tang Gaozu that the emperor was "noble and lowly out of position". If this is true, then it should be Liu Hongji who went to support Li Shimin first. Liu Wenjing did not go to the Western Front until May, after Gaozu ascended the throne. That is, despite Liu Hongji's support, Li Shimin still couldn't beat Xue Ju.

The Don army increased significantly. Li Shimin was at ease, so he asked the crowd not to equip him. As a result, it led to a defeat in July, and suffered heavy losses. After the defeat, he blamed Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan. They had no choice but to scapegoat him. Liu Hongji is "fighting hard, doing his best, and gaining for what he has gained" to avoid being a scapegoat.

The current version of "Entrepreneurship Note" attributed the retirement to the army: "Spring is prosperous, and the agricultural time is not seized,...... When the agricultural month was pressed, he was ordered to rotate the division. "It's also untenable. It is very late on the 22nd day of the first lunar month, and the agricultural season is about to begin. According to the system, the emperor has plowed the borrowed fields. In that case, you shouldn't have go. All of the above shows that there are unspeakable hidden things and random excuses.

"Entrepreneurship Note" retired from the army in March, but Li Shimin's "Record" said that it was April. Sima Guang has no reason to believe in "Actual Record" and not in "Entrepreneurial Note". On March 11, Emperor Bingshen Sui Yang died, and in April Xue Ju already knew about it, and on the 17th, he was proclaimed emperor. Don naturally knew earlier. According to the "Tongjian", the prince's return to Chang'an was on the 24th.

The purpose of Li Shimin and the eldest grandson Wuji tampering with the date is very clear. The death of Emperor Yang of Sui was a major event. For example, after the retreat was known to Emperor Yang's death, the relationship between this matter and Emperor Yang's death was diluted, which could make people believe his various lies. But it is different when it comes to the March retreat. People will immediately think of how good it would be if they didn't retreat in March, just taking advantage of the fact that after the death of Emperor Yang of Sui, people's hearts were floating and Luoyang was defeated. People who don't know the truth will also feel sorry, and they will question whether the withdrawal was a mistake at that time, and they will lead people to discuss it. And Li Shimin just can't stand it, and he doesn't want people to discuss it. And how much people who understand that the Western Front is tight and Li Shimin can't win against Xue Ju, so he is forced to withdraw from the army, and he will even complain about Li Shimin, who caused the consequences of Luoyang's failure!

This withdrawal of troops did deprive Tang of a great opportunity to capture Luoyang, which is a pity. Later, Wang Shichong became a stubborn enemy. The scourge of war, which has not been brought to an end for a long time, has caused the Chinese people to suffer and die a lot. If the Tang army went down to Luoyang, the two capitals were in Tang hands, and Emperor Yang of Sui died. The Tang Dynasty will undoubtedly be regarded as Zhengshuo, and the world will soon be unified. It is not only good for Tang, but also great for China and the people. This kind of truth, the prince Jiancheng will not understand, Tang Gaozu will not understand, and Li Shimin will not understand, so the prince will retire in March, and he does not know that Emperor Yang is dead. Otherwise, no matter how tight the Western Front is, it will not give up this opportunity. If it was in April that Emperor Yang was killed and retreated, it must be that Li Shimin had been defeated on the Western Front. I don't think so.

(3) How many troops did Xue Ju have?

What you often encounter when reading Tang history is that the armies of Tang opponents are like kraft candy, which can be arbitrarily lengthened or reduced. The key is to look at Li Shimin's needs, and Xue Ju is naturally no exception.

According to the "New and Old Tang Xue Ju Biography", as early as Xue Ju's "Keshan, Kuo two states, in a few days, there are all the places of Longxi, and the number is up to 130,000. Later, Tang Bi was attacked, and the military number was 300,000.

There are so many troops, in December of the first year of Yining, it is said that they were defeated by Li Shimin and asked to surrender, it is really a miracle, and the army must have suffered a little casualties. But "The Biography of the New and Old Tang Xue Ju" said: Only "thousands of beheadings", and Li Shiminji is "chasing more than 10,000 levels". I don't ask if that's the case now. Even if it's 10,000 people! Of the 300,000, in addition to 10,000, there are 290,000. Why are you going to surrender? Inevitably, a liar will fall down one end and lift the other.

"Old Tang Dynasty" Li Shimin Ji said that in Li Shimin's "victory" in the first year of Yining, "Xue Ju forced Weibin with 100,000 soldiers". This is the number of battles, not the total number of Xue Ju's troops. Later, after the defeat in July, Xue Rengao fought again in June, "more than 100,000 thieves, and the soldiers were very sharp"

But in fact, it is impossible for Xue Ju to have 300,000 troops, and even more than 100,000 is an exaggeration.

Let's first examine Xue Ju's human resources.

Xue Ju possessed Jincheng County (present-day Lanzhou, Gansu), Caohan County (present-day Linxia, Gansu), Xiping County (present-day Ledu, Qinghai), Shuihe County (in present-day Qinghai), and Tianshui County (present-day Tianshui, Gansu).

According to the Book of Sui and the Geographical Chronicles, at the height of the fifth year of the Great Cause, the total household registration was as follows:

Table 1:

The name of the county is a county household

Tianshui-gun 652130

Geumseong-gun 26818

Xiping County 23118

413157 of Caohan County

22240 in Douhe County

————————————————————

Total 1677463

In the five years of the Great Cause, there are 8907546 households in the country, and the population is 46019956. The average number of people per household was 5.16. Based on five people and one strong man, these five counties have a total of nearly 80,000 strong men. - But this was the heyday of the Sui Dynasty, and the per capita population was equal to the national average. In fact, the poor households in Longxi are smaller.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, Pei Ju, Yaowei, Kuafu, Kaibian, Longxi consumed greatly, and the population should be reduced.

Later, after war, the population will be even more reduced. According to the ninth year of the great cause of the "Book of Sui and Emperor Yang", "Lingwu Baiyu is vainly called 'slave thief',...... Longyou is mostly affected by it. Sent General Fan Gui to ask for it, but he couldn't resist it for many years. "Ten years of great cause" Tang Bi, a man who helped the wind, raised troops to rebel, and the crowd was 100,000", fought with Sui, and later fought with Xue Ju. In the thirteenth year of the Great Cause, "in the summer and April, Xue Ju, the captain of Jincheng, led the people to rebel, proclaimed himself the overlord of Western Qin, built the Yuan Qin Xing, and captured the counties of Longyou. Soon Li Liang rebelled and captured the counties of Hexi. According to "Old Tang Xue Ju", "he ordered his general Chang Zhongxing to cross the river to attack Li Rail, and fought with the rail general Li Yun in Changsong, Zhongxing was defeated, and the whole army fell into orbit. At the beginning of "Xue Ju", he was the captain of Jincheng Mansion. At the end of the great cause, the group of thieves in Longxi swarmed, the people were hungry, and Jincheng ordered Hao Ying to raise thousands of people to arrest him. "Famine and war are all about reducing the population. Xue Ju started with Hao Ying. Before him, "those who have a sect of Rahu first gather the party as a group of thieves, and then they will be handsome, and they will be named the righteous and prosperous princes, and the rest will be worshipped." Plundering officials and collecting horses, recruiting group thieves, the soldiers are very sharp, and everything is down. "Fought with the Sui general Huangfu and was defeated. Casualties on both sides of the war will depopulate the population. Conquer the counties in turn, and later raise the son Rengao into the siege of Qinzhou, Renyue to Hechi County, for the Taishou Xiao Yu refused, and had to reduce the population. However, in the battle, Li Liang and Chang Zhongxing's entire army were annihilated and suffered the greatest losses

Therefore, judging from Xue Ju's population resources, even if every strong man is given him as a soldier, it will not exceed 80,000. What's more, some of them served as soldiers for others, some became his enemies, some fled and died, and some places were blind spots for conscription, and his officials had to take up a certain number of strong men.

There were some Qiang people who surrendered to Xueju, but there were only 20,000 people.

Tang Bijun was later Xue Juhe. Tang Bi's army was originally 100,000. Even these 100,000 were all incorporated into Xue Ju's army, but there were only 100,000, in fact, Tang Bi had fought with Xue Ju, and he was Xue Ju's fierce opponent. Fought against the Sui army. Tang Bi was defeated by Sui and Xue Ju. Later, Tang Bi was ready to descend to Xue Ju, but he was in a predicament, if he was not broken, how could he surrender to Xue? As a result, it was attacked by Xue Ju again, and there will not be many people who can join Xue Ju's army. Before the attack on Tang Bi, it had been greatly exaggerated, saying that "Keshan, Kuo Erzhou, in a few days, there are all the land of Longxi, and the number is 130,000." "At least make a half-way discount.

And according to "Entrepreneurship Note":

In December, Xue Ju, a slave thief in Jincheng County, Longxi, and others, the thief handsome Tang Bi Yu Fufeng, claimed to be the Son of Heaven. At the beginning, Bi sent Emperor Yi to return the money, and surrendered to Fufeng County, which was surrounded by Xue Ju. The emperor sent reinforcements to Fufeng, but before they arrived, the Bi party was trying to do it outside the county. Bi was then killed by the county guard Dou Xuan.

Tang Bi didn't want to descend Xue Ju. It's about descending to Tang. Therefore, the so-called Xue Ju exhausted his army is not a fact. Tang also got Tang Bijun. Liu Shirang asked for "self-invitation, Xu Zhi, and thousands of people in Russia" Xue Ju got more than Tang, but not much.

The five counties where Xue Ju is based, according to the heyday of the great cause, there are more than 300,000 men, women, and children. How can you afford 300,000 troops? Even if you get it together, you can't afford it. The reasonable explanation is that Xue Ju has a total of 300,000 men, women and children. If it is calculated based on five people and one strong man, there are up to 60,000 strong men. Taking into account all kinds of losses and deductions, it is less than 60,000. Coupled with 20,000 Qiang people, the rest of Tang Bi, etc., the author estimated that he had a maximum of 70,000 or 80,000 soldiers in "Princess Pingyang, the Founding Daughter of the Tang Dynasty", which is by no means to belittle him. Moreover, it is a very heavy burden to have women, children, the elderly, and the disabled raise a soldier for every three people.

Li Shimin's statement that Xue raised 300,000 troops was a complete exaggeration. 130,000 is also an exaggeration. The first purpose is to cover up his defeat and excuse his defeat. It's about exaggerating their own records.

Some people may say that Li Shimin's 300,000 troops may not be a soldier, so it is not a lie. - It's finally a step back. But in the September battle of Xue Ju in the first year of Wude, he always said that there were more than 100,000 soldiers! Isn't that a big exaggeration? In addition, he has to fight Li Rail, and there are other places to use troops. That is to say, there are 300,000 soldiers. As will be mentioned later, Li Liang seized a large piece of land for him. Li Shimin's defeat in July was due to the lack of equipment of the people. If Xue Ju had 300,000 against Tang, how could Tang not have 500,000 600,000? That's going crazy! That is to say, Xue Ju has more than 100,000 to deal with Tang, and it is impossible for Tang to get more than 200,000. If it is true that Tang has so many troops and dies five or six out of ten, then Li Shimin's crime will be even greater.

It is generally estimated that Xue Ju's army against Tang will not exceed 50,000 people.

Li Shimin's army was stolen from Princess Pingyang. There were about 100,000 before Ke'an. Ke Chang'an, the Sui army has no fighting spirit, and the consumption will not be much. It can also be replenished from captives. Li Shimin also had Pingliang to stay behind to guard Zhang Long, Hechi Taishou Xiao Yu, Fufeng Dou Xuan, Hanyang and other counties to surrender troops. Liu Shirang had 20,000, and Jiang Jian and Dou Liang also had a lot of troops. In short, in terms of numbers, Li Shimin had the advantage from the beginning. Outnumbering the enemy is indisputable. But he always loses battles. At the beginning, he gave Liu Shirang 20,000 yuan, and then sent Dou Rail, and he actually had the face to boast that Xue Juwen had surrendered!

(4) See the truth from the "Geographical Chronicle".

Zhang Long returned to Tang with Pingliang County. But then Pingliang fell into the hands of Xue Ju. "Old Tang Dynasty Geographical Chronicles" said: "Yuanzhou Zhongdu Governor's Mansion Sui Pingliang County." In the first year of Wude, Ping Xue Rengao was placed in Yuanzhou. "Pingxue Rengao is November of the first year of Wude, which indicates that Pingliang County has changed hands and was taken away by Xue Ju. And it was not the defeat in July of the first year of Wude, which was taken away by Xue Ju. Otherwise, Tang Gaozu ascended the throne in May and changed the county to a state, and Pingliang should also be changed. It was not changed at that time, indicating that the loss of Pingliang was in Yining. Li Shimin lost Pingliang in Yining.

Pingliang originally had five counties, Xue Ju was defeated, returned to the three counties of Tangshou, and lost Huining and Moting.

and "Jingzhou Shangsui Anding County." In the first year of Wude, Xue Rengao was leveled and renamed Jingzhou. Anding County was also lost by Li Shimin, and it was also a matter of Yining. Anding County originally had seven counties, and only five counties remained after returning to Tangshou. Another Chaona and Huating are gone.

Where did the lost county go? "Old Tang Dynasty Geographical Chronicles" tells us:

Huangyuan County of Fufeng County, Shangsui County, Longzhou. In the second year of Yining, Longdong County was placed, and the county was five. In the first year of Wude, it was changed to Longzhou, and the south belonged to the county Hanzhou. In four years, the state was abolished, and the south was restored. …… The old (13th year of Zhenguan) led the county five.

It turned out that Huating was assigned to Longdong County. Yining, Longdong County, was placed in the second year, and there were five counties at that time. Huangyuan, Huangyang, Nanyou, Long Snake, and the last one is Huating.

In the first year of Wude, Han Prefecture was placed, and the south was led by a county. Four years, abolished Han Prefecture, south of the county belongs to Longzhou, still five counties. Why divide Longzhou into Han Prefecture, the following will explain, anyway, it's not a good thing.

I see! We can already determine that Anding County, that is, Jingzhou, was lost in Yining for two years. As will be mentioned below, the county of Anding still exists and is under siege for a long time. Except for Huating, the rest of the counties were lost. Tang Gaozu had no choice but to include it in Longdong County. Since Huangyuan belongs to Fufeng County, of course, Li Shimin has to be responsible. Didn't Li Shimin blow that he was defeating Xue Rengao in Fufeng? How did you lose the stability that was so close at hand?

Pingliang County is in the west of Anding County, and it should be lost before Pingliang. Li Shimin not only lost the battle in the first year of Yining, but also lost Pingliang County and then most of Anding County in the second year of Yining.

Huining County appeared in Huizhou. "Old Tang Dynasty Geographical Chronicles" said: "Huizhou Shangsui Huining Town. In the second year of Wude, he leveled Li Rail and placed Xihuizhou. "After the loss of Pingliang until Xue Rengao was defeated, Tang has not yet taken it back. fell into the hands of Li Rail.

If this is the case, can he leave and go to Luoyang?

Therefore, the author said in "Princess Pingyang, the Founding Daughter of the Tang Dynasty": Li Shimin fought with Xue Ju long before Tang Gaozu ascended the throne, and he couldn't stand it, and he didn't belittle him at all, and even exalted him too much. The prince had no choice but to rush back from the foot of Luoyang City to save the emergency. handed over the army to him, first Liu Hongji to support, and then Liu Wenjing to support, in exchange for the defeat in July. The two main forces of the Tang Dynasty suffered heavy losses. The eight commanders were all defeated, and the soldiers died five or six out of ten. Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan were scapegoats, and the generals Murong Luohu, Li Anyuan, and Liu Hongji were taken prisoner.

But Li Shimin not only blew out that he defeated Xue Ju in December of the first year of Yining, but also said that he was the one who hit Luoyang, and he was shameless!!

Tang Bi was based on Huangyuan, and Liu Shi let the rest of Tang Bi be captured, and he should also be in the area of Wangyuan, Fufeng County. Changdao belongs to Hanyang County, and Jiang Xuan and Dou Rail were returned after defeat, and only ghosts would believe that Hanyang County had not lost land. As for whether Fufeng County has lost land, I will not delve into it.

Li Shimin thought that history could be erased by him, and the details of his defeat could not be verified. But he didn't expect that a "Book of the Old Tang Dynasty - Geography" and a "Book of Sui - Geography" exposed all his lies! Even if there is no transmillennial demon like me today, there will be even greater demons to expose him in the future.

In the five years of the Great Cause, there were 27,995 households in Pingliang County and 76,281 households in Anding County. It was a big loss for Tang, and a big victory and a big gain for Xue Ju. Xue Ju originally commanded five counties, and there were only more than 70,000 households in five years. Now only these two counties, deducting the part that did not fall into Xue Ju's hands, Xue Ju's household registration has at least doubled, not to mention that there are other counties that have land in his hands. It is no wonder that after learning of the death of Emperor Yang of Sui, he could proudly claim the title of emperor in April of the second year of Yining. - and that was before the defeat in July. Xue Ju later had a big victory in July, so after his death, Xue Rengao could accuse Emperor Tawu appropriately, and he could actually be called the emperor in Zhedu. Orijaw is in Anding-gun. However, Xue Renguo failed to establish himself as emperor in the county, indicating that Anding (now Jingchuan County, Gansu) was still in the hands of the Tang Dynasty. The following general said that stability was surrounded and guarded by Liu Gan.

Before the defeat in July, Li Shimin's army was in Gaoduncheng, which is now north of Changwu County, Shaanxi, and belongs to Anding County, east of Anding County. This is also enough to show that Anding has been surrounded, and Li Shimin probably wanted to relieve the siege for Anding at that time. However, "Tongjian" and others said that "Xue Jujin forced the high jaw, and the guerrillas were as for Feng and Qi", which had threatened Beidi County (豳州, originally belonging to Beidi County) and Fufeng County (Qizhou). In July, he was defeated, and the high jaw was also lost. Xue Rengao entered the siege of Ningzhou. Ningzhou, northern Sui County, now Ningxian County, Zhengning, Gansu Province.

In the second year of Yining, Xinping and Sanshui counties of Beidi County were cut and placed in Xinping County. In the first year of Wude, the state was changed to the west of Xunyi, Shaanxi. Later, it was changed to Pizhou, the sound has not changed, and it is read bin. Whether this division of the county has anything to do with Li Shimin's defeat in the battle will not be discussed. Qizhou - Fufeng County, the state is now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi, and there are Fufeng, Baoji, Qishan and other counties. Xue Ju has approached the city and approached Chang'an.

Chang'an shakes! More than half of the two main forces of the Tang Army died. The Tang Dynasty reached an extremely critical situation, and Xue Juzheng wanted to send troops to attack Chang'an, but died of illness. According to "The Biography of Xue Ju":

raised an army to take the high jaw, and sent Rengao into the siege of Ningzhou. Hao Ying said in the move: "Today, the Tang soldiers are newly broken, the generals are captured, and the Beijing division is in turmoil, so you can take advantage of the victory to take Chang'an." "Naturally. Before the attack and the disease, the witch was called to see it, the witch said that the Tang soldiers were troubled, and the evil was raised, and he died in a few days.

But the Tang Dynasty did not fall, and it was not only Xue Ju who died of illness. But in addition to the prince's first field army and Princess Pingyang's third field army, there are also the second and fourth field armies. Li Shimin and the falsification of history by feudal historians have made people know very little, or even completely obliterate it. This will be discussed in "The Great Hole in the History of the Founding of the Tang Dynasty" and "Li Xiaogong Laid Half of the Country". However, in "Princess Pingyang, the Founding Daughter of the Tang Dynasty", it has been said that Liang Shidu would have been destroyed, so he survived for eleven years and led the Turks into the Kou for a long time.

Li Shimin's defeat at Xue Ju, especially in July, brought disastrous consequences not only to the Tang Dynasty, but also to Chinese history.

(5) Cowering, timid as a mouse

Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan became scapegoats, and Li Shimin was able to exonerate himself from responsibility, and on August Jichou (17th) he attacked Xue Rengao for the marshal again.

Tang Gaozu made a long-distance close attack. "Drawing Qin Long with Li Rail. Send an envoy to Liangzhou, summon it, write with it, say it from the younger brother, rule the great joy, send his brother Mao to pay tribute. With Mao as the general, he ordered Honglu Shaoqing Zhang Qiande to worship the rail as the governor of Liangzhou and seal the king of Liang. ”

Li Shimin was once bitten by a snake and was afraid of grass ropes for ten years. After returning to the Western Front, he cowered, timid as a mouse, and his troops were high and immovable. According to the Tongjian:

The people of the world are supreme, and the fruit of Renguo makes Zong Luohu reject the soldiers; Rahu counts the challenge, and the people of the world do not come out. The generals invited the battle, and the people said: "Our army is newly defeated, the morale is depressed, the thief is proud of the victory, and he has a light heart, so it is better to close the base and wait for it." He is proud of me, but he can overcome it in a fight. Nai ordered the army to say: "Those who dare to speak up will be killed!" "For more than 60 days,

This is pure sophistry. As for how to defeat Xue Rengao, he didn't know how to defeat Xue Rengao at all, it was pure cowardice. But he actually took this as the basis for great wisdom and courage. Later feudal historians also preached it.

Li Shimin remained motionless for more than 60 days. If there is nothing else in these sixty days, it may be a different matter. But in the past 60 days, the Tang army was attacked by Xue Rengao everywhere and lost battles. Li Shuliang was defeated, Dou Liang was defeated, Liu Gan died, and Chang Da was captured, and Li Shimin was not saved when he saw death. Isn't this called cowardice, but a clever strategy?! There is no mention of these defeats in the "New and Old Tang Books: The Biography of Xue Ju".

"Tongjian" said: "Jiayin (September 12), Qinzhou governor Dou Liang attacked Xue Renguo, which was unfavorable. "It has been twenty-five days since Li Shimin became a handsome for the second time.

Gengshen (September 18), Longzhou Assassin Shi Shaanxi Changda struck Xue Renguo in Yiluchuan and beheaded more than 1,000 people. …… Xue Renguo repeatedly attacked Changda, but he couldn't overcome it, so he sent him to surrender with hundreds of people to reach the thick of him. Yi Chou, the scholars and politicians robbed with their vain, and 2,000 people in the city fell to Renguo. Tatsumi Renguo......

We've seen this often. "Tang Gaozu Uprising in Jinyang" said that in the battle of Huoyi, because someone was defeated, he disappeared. Since he went to Li Shimin's war zone to be a magistrate, he was originally a subordinate of Li Shimin. Chang Da fought a small victory. It has been thirty-one days since Li Shimin was handsome for the second time. But five days later, he was captured by Xue Rengao. Naturally, the city was lost. What city was lost? Not said. But Changda is the history of Longzhou, so it is Longzhou that is naturally lost. Li Shimin saw death and did not save him.

Now we know why we want to divide Longzhou and place Hanzhou! Hanzhou only leads to one county in the south. - That's Longzhou lost, only Nanyou County is left! Tang Gaozu had no choice but to upgrade the only remaining county to Hanzhou. Later, Xue Qin was defeated, and there was no need for Hanzhou to survive, so he returned to Longzhou in the fourth year of Wude. But Li Shimin actually accused Tang Gaozu of placing too many prefectures and counties, which increased the burden on the people. For a refutation of this, see "Tang and Zhou Historical Research No. 10: Who Merged with the Prefecture and County - Debunking Another Lie of Li Shimin". ——Longdong County was changed to Longzhou when Gaozu ascended the throne, and it was recorded in the "Geographical Chronicles". But then I lost it and didn't mention it. Pingliang and Anding originally belonged to the Tang Dynasty and were lost first, so Gaozu failed to change the state when he ascended the throne. I don't mention the previous Tang either. If someone else loses something, how can they not mention it? Nearly one county was lost, including the county governance, and Li Shimin was indifferent. At the beginning of Changda's victory, he did not take the opportunity to expand the results.

Hussar general Liu Gan Zhenjingzhou, Renguo surrounded it. The food in the city is exhausted, and the horses that are killed are divided into soldiers, and there is nothing to eat, but to boil horse bones to get juice and sawdust to eat. The number of the city fell to the ......

Liu Gan must have been surrounded for a long time. But Li Shimin still saw death and could not be saved. But Li Shuliang, the king of Changping, came to the rescue.

President Ping Wang Shuliang went to Jingzhou, Renguo was threatened to eat all the food, and led the troops south; On the 13th of September, he sent the Gaojaw people to surrender to the city. Shuliang sent the handsome people to it, but he did not (September 17), to the city, buckle (missing the word "door"), and the people in the city said: "The thief has gone, but he can enter the city." "Burning its gates, and pouring water into the city. Sensing its deception, send the infantry back first, and take the elite soldiers as the palace. The city of Russia raised three beacons, and the Renguo soldiers went down from the southern plains, fighting in the Baili River, and the Tang army was defeated, and they felt captured by Renguo.

Li Shimin still stood still. Liu Gan's army was defeated, and it was thirty days after Li Shimin became marshal for the second time. Some people may say: "Li Shimin is a marshal." Li Shuliang may have been sent by him. "But in this way, Li Shuliang and Liu Gan are defeated, and Li Shimin should be defeated. The actual situation is that Li Shimin has given a death order: "Those who dare to speak up will be killed." Li Shuliang was the assassin of Jingzhou to save Liu Gan.

Renguo re-besieged Jingzhou, and Ling Chengzhongyun said: "The reinforcements have been defeated, so it is better to surrender as soon as possible." Thanksgiving, to the city, shouted: "The rebel thief is hungry, and he dies in the morning and night, the king of Qin (Li Shimin) is handsome and hundreds of thousands of people, gathered on all sides, the city is not excellent, reluctantly!" "Renguo is angry, persistent, buried to the knees beside the city, galloping and shooting; Until death, his voice is too strong. Shuliang Infant City is stubborn, and can only be self-sufficient.

It can be seen from here that Li Shimin and Li Shuliang are two different things. Even if this uncle was Li Shimin's subordinate before, he had already been separated by Xue Rengao. Therefore, it was his own initiative to save Liu Gan. Li Shuliang was waiting for Li Shimin to come to the rescue. Liu Gan's death was emotional, and he had great hopes for Li Shimin. But this "King of Qin" was very leisurely, watching him die and Li Shuliang being trapped, but he didn't come to save him. I have been holding on to it. No matter how Liu Gan donated his body and how hard the soldiers defended, he didn't move anyway. It dragged on until November, another month and a half. also gave a death order, and even the soldiers were not allowed to say war!

Can this be called some kind of trickery? It's just helpless!!

Changping Wang Shuliang, Gaozu from his father and brother. …… Yining Zhong awarded Zuo Guanglu as a doctor, and was named the prince of Changping County. In the first year of Wude, he worshiped the squire of the criminal department and became the king. The division town of Jingzhou, to the imperial Xue Ju. Ju Naiyang ate all his words, led the troops south, and sent the high-jawed people to surrender. Shuliang sent the hussar Liu Gan to lead the crowd to the Baili River, ambushed the troops, the official army was defeated, and Liu Gan was not in the battle. Shuliang was terrified, and withdrew money to give soldiers. Strict garrison, Jingzhou is only complete. In four years, the Turks entered the Kou, and ordered Shuliang to lead five armies to attack them. Shuliang was in the middle of the stream, and gave Zuo Yiwei the general, the governor of Lingzhou, and said Su.

This is the description of him in the "Old Tang Book, Clan, Shuliang Biography". It can be seen that he led the troops to fight. But for what merit did he have before? Only then was he promoted, crowned, and crowned king without mentioning a word! Just write that he defeated the battle. But can he be blamed for this defeat? Even he strictly guarded Jingzhou and withdrew money to give soldiers. This selfless act must be preceded by a "great fear" to be degraded. This is the case with many clans. He died in the fight against the Turks in four years of martial virtue, and was the heir of filial piety, and he was named the king of Fanyang County for five years. Li Shimin did not let it go, and after the usurper came to power, he was sparse and demoted to the title of Duke of Xunguo. "Old Tang Book" Shi Chen said: "Selflessness is in things, and things are also fair." Gaozu decided on the Central Plains, and first sealed the subordinates,...... In terms of meritorious deeds, that is, selflessness. "He actually added a charge to Gaozu for personal relatives instead of rewarding meritorious deeds?! Of course, it was influenced by Li Shimin.

Anding has been under the siege of Xue Ju and Xue Rengao for a long time. It is not easy for Liu Gan and Li Shuliang to defend the lonely city. The siege of Settle will not be the result of the defeat of the army in July, it must be much earlier. It is not conceivable that the grain stock will last only for more than a month, it must be under siege for several months. It is precisely because of their "strict garrison" that "Jingzhou is only complete." "of. Li Shimin had a heavy army, and he didn't care about their lives or deaths.

Li Shimin is supreme and does not come out of the wall. It should not be understood that Li Shimin is in Gaoqi City. The high jaw is in the hands of Xue Rengao. Therefore, Li Shimin should be in the wall, or in a nearby town. Liu Gan's defeat, Li Shimin was nearby, but he couldn't save him when he saw death, and watched Xue Rengao hunt and kill Liu Gan. The defeat of Baili Hosokawa should be the defeat of Li Shimin. But he blamed Li Shuliang.

This is the truth that Li Shimin has been in Gaojaw for more than 60 days!

According to the "Old Tang Dynasty Geographical Chronicle", Jincheng County (Lanzhou), Xiping County (Shanzhou), Tianshui County (Qinzhou), and Douhe County (Kuozhou) were all placed by Ping Xueju in the second year of Wude. From this point of view, these places were not acquired by Li Shimin in the first year of Wude. He went to Shaandong Province in December. However, we have no doubt that he finally defeated Xue Rengao. But how exactly did he defeat Xue Rengao? Before that, we must first look at the nature of Xue Jujun's army, the reasons for its defeat, and the nature of the battle between Tang and Qin.

(6) The nature of Xue Ju and Xue Rengao

Xue Ju is also commonly referred to as the Sui official separatist. In fact, Xue Ju is no more than a lieutenant of Jincheng Mansion. Zhai Rang is also the East County Fa Cao. The nature of his army was originally a peasant uprising. According to "The Biography of Old Tang Xue Ju":

At the end of the great cause, the group of thieves in Longxi swarmed, the people were hungry, and Jincheng ordered Hao Ying to raise thousands of people to arrest him. …… Thirteen of his sons, Rengao and his accomplices, robbed the throne, pretended to arrest the rebels, and opened a warehouse to relieve the poor because they sent troops to imprison the county officials (note the emphasis on the number). …… Those who have a sect of Rahu will first gather the party as a group of thieves, and then they will be handsome, and they will be named the righteous and prosperous princes, and the rest will be worshipped at the second time. Plundering officials and collecting horses, recruiting group thieves, the soldiers are very sharp, and everything is down.

Xue Ju became the cohesive center of the peasants who rebelled in Longxi, and the peasants who were the first to revolt against the Sui participated in it. Soon, he defeated the Sui general Huangfu with fewer victories, which shows that the morale is high.

"Old Tang Dynasty" is also known as Xue Rengao:

Rengao, the eldest son, is good at riding and shooting, and the army is the enemy of 10,000 people. However, if he kills as much as he wants, he will take his wife and concubine. Yu Xinzi was established, and he was angry and did not surrender, and he was on top of the fierce fire, and gradually cut off the sergeant. At the beginning, pulling out Qinzhou, the rich were called to hang upside down, and they poured their noses with vinegar, or they were in the bottom of the coffin, in order to seek Jinbao.

The only value of this description lies in the fact that Xue Rengao's hatred of the wealthy landlords and bureaucrats represents the peasants' demand to regain the fruits of their labor. As for the depiction of his cruelty, it is worthless. One thing is certain: the insurrection of the working class is tolerant and deliberate towards the enemies who have sucked their blood and sweat, but in any case, the enemies whom they have struck and who have committed many crimes will always try to portray them as extremely cruel, exaggerated and fabricated as much as possible. "Calling the rich upside down" here is a great exaggeration. At least Chu Liang is a wealthy family! Not only was he not hung upside down, but he was also awarded the Yellow Gate Squire. Xue Ju is also a united front. Among the old bureaucrats, such as Chu Liang, he was a right-winger and won the favor of Li Shimin. Now some people believe that Xue Ju was a Sui official separatist, probably this is one of its bases. In fact, we can't see any benefits for Chu Liang. Xue Ju died, Xue Rengao was defeated and the country died, and he didn't see any sadness about Chu Liang. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude whether Xue Qin was too wide and too cruel, or too tolerant and recruited a group of landlords and bureaucrats who should be attacked.

"Tang Shu Xue Ju Biography" writes Xue Jujun very cruelly:

Every time the battle is broken, all the soldiers who have been obtained are killed, and many people are killed by breaking their tongues, cutting their noses, or smashing them. His wife was cruel and violent, so she could whip her down, and when she saw that people were in pain and turned to the ground, she buried her feet before she exposed her belly and back. Because people are not attached.

According to the biography of the Book of Tang, after Chang Da was captured:

Pull to see in the example. The words are resistant, and they do not give in. Pointing to his wife, he said: "Do you know the queen?" Da said: "It's the old lady of the gall, how can you know!" "Unexpectedly. There is a thief Zhang Gui who said: "Do you know me? He replied, "Thou hast fled to death." "Look at it, you are angry, draw your sword and cut it. People save them and they are spared.

According to the Tongjian:

Seeing the kernel fruit, the words are unyielding, and the kernel fruit is strong and released. The slave thief handsome Zhang Gui said: "You know me? Da said: "You run away from the ears of slaves and thieves!" "If you are angry, you want to kill it, and if you save it, you will be spared.

Even Xue Rengao can still be strong and free from the stubborn enemy, and this stubborn enemy scolded his mother. It can be seen that Xue Jujun is not as cruel as written. Liu Hongji, Li Anyuan, Chang Da and others were captured and later returned. However, Tang was particularly cruel to Qin prisoners, and many people were later killed. Zhang Gui wanted to kill Chang Da and someone saved him, but Xue Rengao didn't kill Chang Da. And Zhang Gui and Xue Rengao were both killed after they were captured, and no one saved them. Maybe someone saved, but not adopted. If the Tang army is defeated, some people will scold them for being cruel. The one who succeeds is the king, and the one who fails is the coward! Tang Gaozu killed Yin and Bone, and wanted to kill Li Jing, which is still considered a personal vendetta of the communiqué.

Judging from the dialogue between Zhang Gui and Chang Da, they seem to know each other from the beginning. Zhang Gui asked him, "Do you know me?" "It is as if he had been a slave to Changda and was oppressed. Li Shimin's subordinates also did have representatives of slave owners and landlords such as Chang Da and Qiu Xinggong, who were extremely hostile to the slaves of the uprising.

But in the army led by Li Shimin, why is there no "slave thief"? It has been said in "Princess Pingyang, the Founding Daughter of the Tang Dynasty" that Ma Sanbao was a slave who assisted Princess Pingyang in her uprising, and was also under Li Shimin at this time. "Chai Shao Biography Ma Sanbao Attached Biography" said that he moved from Pingxue Rengao to General Zuo Xiaowei. Chai Shao himself also leveled Xue Ju with Li Shimin. Ma Sanbao has made great contributions. He helped Princess Pingyang raise troops, and said that He Panren and other four peasant armies reached 70,000. Later there were merit. From Chai Shao to Tugu Hun in Minzhou, the vanguard fell into battle and beheaded its famous king. Fully qualified to be crowned a national duke, but only a county duke. Qian Jiulong was also a slave. He was originally under the crown prince and had been fighting on the Eastern Front. According to this legend, later he also came from Pingxue Rengao - that was the western front was tight, and the prince's army came to the west to aid Li Shimin. He fought against Liu Wuzhou again, and was awarded the right Wuwei general for his previous and later military achievements. Later, he participated in the capture of Dou Jiande and Ping Wang Shichong; From the prince to ask Liu Heimin. Tired of the Duke of Xun Guo, he still takes his official as the general of Yuanyou. Why is there such a big difference between the two? Tang Gaozu is very important to Ma Sanbao. According to this biography: "Taste from Xing Si Zhu, Gao Zu Gu said to the Three Treasures: 'It is the place where you build heroes, and Wei Qing is not evil!'" The only answer is that he was suppressed under Li Shimin. And Qian Jiulong is under the crown prince. At that time, under Li Shimin, Fan Xing was born as a slave.

Judging from the above situation, the battle of Tang and Qin was a fratricidal battle by the peasant rebel army.

However, although Xue Ju's army was brave and good at fighting, there were many contradictions in the united front. Xue Ju may still be able to maintain some unity for a certain extent. When Xue Ju died: "Rengao stood in Zheqi City, and there were many gaps with the generals and commanders, and the heirs, and everyone was afraid of them. Hao Ying cried and thought sadly, because he couldn't afford to be sick, and since then the army has been declining. "Again: Since it is said that Xue Rengao is particularly cruel to the rich and robs them of their property." Take every commandment and say: 'Thou shalt be wise and sloppy, and thou shalt be sufficient to do my family affairs, but if you are hurt by cruelty, and have no grace with things, you will eventually overthrow my clan.' The father and son also had different policies.

The so-called Xue Ju asked: "Did the Son of Heaven come down in ancient times?" "It's a lie. Most of them were made up by Chu Liang or his son Chu Suiliang to curry favor with Li Shimin. But from the so-called Chu Liang replied: "Emperor Zhao Tuo of the former Yue Dynasty returned to the Han Dynasty, Liu Chan, the lord of Shu, also served in the Jin Dynasty, and Xiao Cong in modern times is still noble." Turning misfortune into blessing has existed since ancient times. It can be seen that in his eyes, not only Xue Rengao, but also Xue Ju is not the master of the matter. He took a fancy to Li Shimin. Sure enough, Li Shimin had the same smell as him, "Xue Ju is called Longxi, and Yi Liang is the waiter of the Yellow Gate, and he is entrusted with the maintenance of the machine." and extinguished, Taizong heard the name, and received it with deep courtesy, because he calmly presented himself. Taizong Dayue, gave 200 pieces and four horses. From returning to Beijing, he taught the King of Qin literature. "Xue Ju is not bad to him. But the old master died and the defeated failed, but he did not regret it. Immediately take refuge in the new Lord. Compared with Hao Ming, it is really heaven and earth.

From then on, the landlords, bureaucrats, and scholars in Longzhong, the right wing of the united front of Tang Gaozu, and the landlords, bureaucrats, and scholars in Guanzhong colluded with each other to usurp the fruits of the victory of the peasant revolution.

Xue Rengao was destroyed by them. Later, they defeated Tang Gaozu again. The peasant rebels killed each other, and their leaders were certainly responsible. But the landlord class always wanted to provoke the peasants to kill each other. If there is information unearthed in the future, it is Chu Liang who is the most resolute advocate of attacking Tang at the beginning, then I will not be surprised at all!