(7) The defeat of Xue Rengao

Li Shimin cowered near the high jaw, but in fact, he did nothing, only passively avoided the war.

But at this moment, Xue Qin had a serious crisis and internal splits, although Li Shimin did not fight a battle for more than 60 days. Xue Rengao's army was originally on the momentum, but suddenly: "He will surrender Liang Hulang and other commanders." ("Tongjian") "Its internal history ordered Zhai Changsun to surrender with his people, and Rengao's brother-in-law, the pseudo-left servant, shot the bell and returned to Hezhou. ("Old Tang Xue Rengao") "His generals Mu Juncai and Neishi ordered Zhai Changshu to surrender to the public, and the left servant shot Zhong and surrendered to Hezhou. (New Tang Dynasty Xue Ju)

According to the "Old Tang Dynasty Geographical Chronicles", Hezhou is Sui Caohan County. The wester, the farther away from the Tang and Qin battlefields, there must be mistakes. In the second year of Wude, Li Rail was leveled, and then Hezhou was placed. It is not appropriate to return to Tang at this moment. I don't know if it's a mistake in Pingliangzhou? But regardless of this, one thing is clear, Xue Rengao has disintegrated. That bell feud is not a good thing. Xue Ju married his daughter to him, let him be a concubine, and shot his left servant, but did not treat him badly. However, he rebelled in the midst of prosperity, contributing to the defeat of Xue Qin. There is also the eldest grandson of Neishi Ling Zhai, he and Zhong Juqiu are equivalent to the current Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, if he shouldn't have fought with Tang, why didn't he say it to Xue Ju in the first place? Later, it was they who surrendered the fastest.

The people of the world knew that the soldiers were centrifuged, and ordered Liang Shi, the head of the marching army, to camp in the shallow water plain to lure them. (Zong) Rahu was overjoyed, and attacked it as hard as he could, and Liang Shi did not come out of danger; There was no water in the camp, and the men and horses did not drink for several days. Rahu attacked in a hurry; The people of the world are tired of thieves, and the generals say: "You can fight!" "Chi Ming, make the right general Hou Yu Chen in the shallow water plain. Rahu and his troops attacked him, and the jade battle was almost impossible to support,...... (Tongjian)

At such a time, Li Shimin is still "almost unable to support," and his military level can be known. This wonderful table "Old Tang Xue Ju" erased. Naturally, Xue Rengao is already at the end of the crossbow. Finally: "The Rahu soldiers were defeated and beheaded thousands." Zong Rahu was the earliest leader of the revolting peasants, and he fought most resolutely when others changed their minds and surrendered to the Tang Dynasty.

More than 2,000 horsemen chased after him, and Dou Liang knocked on the horse and said bitterly: "Renguo is still based on a strong city, although it is broken Rahu, it cannot be lightly entered, please watch it according to the soldiers." "The people of the world said, "I have been thinking about it for a long time, and the momentum of breaking the bamboo cannot be lost, uncle, don't say it!" "Proceed. Renguo Chen is under the city, the people of the world are in Jingshui, and Renguo Xiao will be Hun Gan and several other people to come to Chen. Renguo was afraid, and led troops into the city to refuse. In the twilight of the sun, the army followed and surrounded it. In the middle of the night, the defenders scrambled to surrender. Benevolence and fruit are poor, self-unitary, and surrender; It has more than 10,000 elite soldiers, 50,000 men and women. (Tongjian)

Later, Li Shimin explained:

The generals of Rahu are all people outside Longlong, and they will be fierce; I broke it by surprise, and I didn't get much. If it is slowed down, it will all enter the city, and the kernel fruit will be used to caress it, and it will not be easy to receive; In a hurry, they scattered outside Longwai. The jaw is weak, the kernel fruit is broken, and there is no time to make a plan, so I am also restrained. (Tongjian)

Xue Rengao was not defeated, but disintegrated internally. On the right wing of its united front, there may also be reactionary and decadent forces that have mutinied.

Some people later compared the so-called Li Shimin's pursuit of Song Jingang in Hedong Road with this pursuit of Xue Rengao. I have debunked the lies of the former. But this time I think it makes sense.

Li Shimin is not good at fighting, but he has a special sense of political smell. People like him have a very sharp nose. Decent people and revolutionaries are often unable to compare with them in this respect. If he didn't have this kind of specialty, it would be difficult to imagine how he would have gained power in the Xuanwumen conspiracy later. Since ancient times, heroes on the battlefield may not be able to fight traitors in the officialdom. Those who can't do it on the battlefield are often veterans in officialdom. Li Shimin is not very old, but he is already a veteran in officialdom. In the end, his father and his brother were defeated at his hands.

He sniffed out Xue Rengao's internal collapse and lost no time in taking advantage of this internal collapse. Although he couldn't fight, he didn't get much. Xue Jujun's generals were fierce, and Xue Rengao was likely to use them, indicating that the left flank of the Qin united front, the soldiers who were mainly peasants, did not rebel. However, Li Shimin did not give Xue Rengao the opportunity to "use it for comfort", and took advantage of the betrayal of the right wing of the Qin State to cause chaos, and dared to pursue with only 2,000 horsemen, making the broken jaw weak, and Xue Rengao had no choice but to surrender.

It is said that Tang Gaozu believed: "Xue Ju's father and son killed more of my soldiers." He will punish his party to thank the soul. This is another rumor fabricated by Li Shimin. Later, rumors were spread that Tang Gaozu wanted to empty Shandong, but even Sima Guang didn't believe it. Tang Gaozu went to Chang'an, only killed more than ten people, and the rest didn't ask, Yin, Gu and others dug his ancestral grave! In the Battle of Hedong, did Liu Wuzhou and Song Jingang kill the Tang army? Gaozu pardoned the people of He, Xi, Lu, Jin and other prefectures, and they should be the ones who surrendered Liu Wuzhou. The sins of these people should be greater than those of the Qin army. Why is he so cool to Xue Ju's subordinates?

Judging from the fact that later feudal historians attacked Xue Rengao for cruelty and Zhang Gui was especially lewd, it was Li Shimin who killed Xue Rengao and Zhang Gui. Xue Rengao didn't kill Chang Da, but Li Shimin beheaded Zhang Gui, and Xue Rengao would inevitably die if he surrendered. He's really cruel himself! I believe that many more Xue Rengao and Zhang Gui must have been killed. Li Shimin said: "I also ordered the Rengao brothers and the thieves to lead it, such as Zong Luohu and Zhai Changsun. Taizong hunted and shot with him, and there was nothing to do. The thief was intimidated and willing to die. ("Old Tang Book: The Biography of Xue Ju") is really three hundred taels of silver here. It's probably because there are too many people, which has aroused criticism and made it up. Especially said that it was so good to Xue Rengao, it couldn't be believed. In addition, the responsibility for killing people is put on Gaozu.

Tang Gaozu will be killed, and some will not be killed. Li Shimin also killed and did not kill. Probably Tang Gaozu wanted to kill people who Li Shimin didn't want to kill, so he spread rumors that he wanted to punish Xue Ju's subordinates.

Enjoy the labor of the soldiers, because the ministers said: "All the public wear each other to become the emperor's business, if the world is peaceful, you can jointly protect the wealth." So that the king is full of ambition, how can there be a kind of public! If Xue Renguo is a monarch, how can he not think that he is a precedent! (Tongjian)

It can be seen that in the eyes of Tang Gaozu, Wang Shichong is the main enemy. wants everyone to learn the lessons of Xue Rengao Junchen, and he and Xue Qin have something in common.

Now that Xue Ju is said, you might as well talk about Li Rail. According to "Old Tang Li Rail", he "has an organic debate, a good look at books, his family is rich, and he helps the poor, which is also called by people." "It's not the same as being rich and unkind. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he also "discussed with Cao Zhen, Guan Jin, Liang Shuo, Li Yun, An Xiuren, etc. from the same county".

"The track ordered Xiuren to gather all the Hu, and the track formed the folk heroes (that is, the peasant rebel army), and raised troops together, and the ruling (Sui) Hu Benlang will be Xie Tongshi and the county Cheng Wei Shizheng. (Tongjian)

After raising the army, Xue Ju invaded and defeated Xue Ju. He was also tolerant of the captured Xue Ju soldiers.

Xue Ju sent troops to invade the track, and he sent him to defeat Li Yun Yu Changsong, behead 2,000 people, capture all of them, and reconsider and release him. Yun Yan said: "Today, we will try our best to defeat, capture the thieves, and indulge them, and make the enemy more powerful, it is better to do everything in the pit." He said, "No." If there is a destiny and self-capture, this generation of soldiers will eventually be owned by me. If it doesn't work out, what's the benefit? "Send him away. (Old Tang Li Rail)

But he was also indiscriminately tolerant of the old Sui officials.

Rail proclaimed himself the King of Daliang in Hexi, placed the official subordinates and planned to open the emperor's story. Guan Jin and the others wanted to kill all the Sui officials and divide their families, and said: 'Since everyone is forced to be the master, they should give their orders. Today's volunteers save the people, but kill people to get goods, how will this group of thieves help! So the commander was the servant, and the scholar was the secretary. (Tongjian)

Guan Jin and others are fiercely anti-Sui. But in the end, it was these Sui officials who killed Li Liang.

It is a year of hunger, cannibalism, and the family is grateful, and the private family is exhausted, and it cannot be exhausted. He also wanted to open a position for Su and summon the people to discuss it. Zhen and others said: "The country is people-oriented, it is not established, the country will be in danger, it is a pity for this cangsu, and sit and watch the death of the people?" "His old people are all clouds, and it is convenient for Su. Xie Tongshi and other old Sui officials were obtained by the track, although they were appointed, they still did not attach themselves. Every time he gets along with the group, he introduces friends and arranges old people, (note the emphasis - the author) because of his discouragement, and wants to leave the crowd. Nai Zhenzhen said: "The hungry of the people are weak, and the brave and strong will not be sleepy, and the country must be prepared, how can it be scattered for the weak?" It is not a national plan to shoot and please people. "The track thought so, because the shishu was resentful and wanted to rebel against him. (Old Tang Li Rail)

It was under the provocation of these people, coupled with national contradictions, that Liang Shuo was killed, "After that, the old people were suspicious and afraid, and their hearts were a little away from then on." ("Old Tang Li Rail") of course, the doubters first recommended Cao Zhen and Guan Jin, which caused Li Rail's defeat. However, Li Liang does not open an official warehouse, but he can give money to his family, until his private family is exhausted, and he is not an idle person.

When Deng Xiaoshang was in Chang'an, he heard the defeat and danced to celebrate. Gao Zu said: "You are committed to others, in order to come here, hear the fall of the track, have no face, Gou Yue, and vainly celebrate Yue." If you can't pay attention to Li Rail, how can you be thrifty? "It's useless. (Old Tang Li Rail)

This Deng Xiao, originally as a representative of Li Liang, refused to accept the official of Tang Gaozu, and entered the court, and was called "Emperor Cong's younger brother Daliang Emperor Rail." "Li Liang doesn't send others, but sends him. It was the person who advocated Li Liang and Tang Fenting to fight against the emperor and claim the emperor. When he heard that he was defeated, he danced again to celebrate. It is conceivable that Tang Gaozu will never reuse such as; Liang Hulang, Zhong Juqiu, Mou Juncai, Zhai Changchou and other people. Perhaps it was these people who were going to be killed.

Xue Rengao was defeated, and Li Shimin did make a lot of political capital. The shadow of July's defeat was also washed away. Li Shimin was appointed as a lieutenant and appointed to the Daxingtai of Eastern Shaanxi Province in December. From the second time he was handsome to Xue Rengao's surrender, a total of 80 days, and the turtle shrank for more than 60 days. It wasn't until the last ten days that a flying fortune suddenly came.

Xue Judi did not enter the Tang Dynasty immediately. Xue Rengao was defeated and belonged to Anding County. Judging from the "Old Tang Dynasty Geographical Chronicles", only Anding County and Pingliang County were recovered in that year, and they were changed to Jingzhou and Yuanzhou. It is estimated that Longzhou and Ningzhou have also been able to return. In short, only the lost ground was regained. Tianshui County, Jincheng County, and Douhe County, which Xue Ju originally based, were not included in the Tang Dynasty until the second year of Wude, and were changed to Qinzhou, Lanzhou, and Kuozhou. It can be seen that after Xue Rengao's defeat, the rest of the troops and their bases are still there. There is no record of who made it.

Li Liang took the opportunity to seize Caohan County and Xiping County. Huining Town in Pingliang County also entered the hands of Li Rail, and Pingli Rail entered Tang before it became Huizhou. "Old Tang Dynasty Geographical Chronicles" has "Sui Xiping County." In the second year of Wude, Ping Xue Ju placed Shanzhou". If it is not recorded and copied incorrectly, it is first in the hands of the Tang Dynasty, and then it was seized by Li Rail. From this point of view, after Xue Ju was lowered, the contradiction between Tang and Li Liang intensified. But judging from historical records, the two sides have not yet arrived, and they have fought for the city and land. I don't know if it's hidden.

"Old Tang Book: The Biography of Li Rail" said that in the winter of the first year of Wude, Li Rail captured Zhangye, Dunhuang, Xiping, and Caohan all the five counties of Hexi. This fact is indicated. Zhangye and Dunhuang have long belonged to Li Rail, and "Old Tang" generally classifies them in the first year of Wude.

And "Tongjian" said that Li Liang defeated Chang Zhongxing in the first year of Yining, and in a few years, he attacked Zhangye, Dunhuang, Xiping, and Caohan, all of which were overcome, and all of them had the land of the five counties of Hexi. "It is again to put Xiping County and Caohan County in the first year of Wude, and Zhangye and Dunhuang together.

However, "The Old Tang Book: The Biography of Li Rail" said: "In the winter of the first year of Wude, the rail was called the honorific title,...... Xue Ju sent troops to invade the track, and he sent Li Yun to defeat Yu Changsong, behead 2,000 people, and capture all of them,...... In a few days, Zhangye, Liaohuang, Xiping, and Caohan were captured, and there were all five counties in Hexi. The matter is similar to the first year of Yining in the "Tongjian". But Xue Ju died in the winter of the first year of Wude, and "Old Tang" mixed the first year of Yining into Wude again.

But no matter what, Li Liang did attack and contain Xue Jujun in the west. Tang Gaozu's long-distance and close-range attacks achieved great practical results.

(8) Consequences and responsibilities of war

Li Shimin's biggest gain is that he didn't have his own army, and his army was originally stolen from Princess Pingyang - after so many months of repetition, although he suffered five or six losses out of ten, it is indeed his now. Not only Qiu Shili, but Li Zhongwen has also been under his command. Xue Ju's subordinates Liang Hulang, Zhong Juqiu, Mou Juncai, Zhai Changchou, Hun Gan, etc. all came to surrender, and he directly took over more than 10,000 people from Xue Rengao. Now these are really his troops.

However, both Tang and Longyou suffered heavy losses. Indirect losses throughout the country will not be mentioned.

The Tang army suffered heavy losses, and Xue Rengao was defeated, not only were many soldiers killed and wounded, but the most important thing was that the rest were taken away by Li Shimin. Left behind in Longyou are orphans, widows and living widows. Most of these living widows soon became real widows again. Their husbands became Li Shimin's soldiers. Li Shimin didn't know how to fight again, and was later defeated. Princess Pingyang's army should still have 40,000 or 50,000 people according to the number of five or six out of ten. Coupled with Xiao Yu, Zhang Long, Dou Xuan, and the remnants of the Hanyang County Army, plus Xue Rengao and his generals, there are always tens of thousands of people, which together are not small. But later, Li Shimin was stationed in Changchun to attack Pusaka, and he couldn't attack it for a long time. Liu Wuzhou and Song Jingang marched south, Tang Gaozu ordered Li Shimin to aid Jinyang, and Li Shimin sent Li Zhongwen and Jiang Baoyi to defeat. By the time Gaozu personally conquered Hedong, Li Shimin had only 30,000 people left. Wude was defeated in January of the third year, and there was not much left. Wei Chi Jingde, Xun Xiang, Zhang Wansui and others surrendered, and part of the army came into his hands. Liu Wuzhou fled because of his subordinate Yang Funian and others, and many of the soldiers surrendered must have become his private army. So later, it was said that most of Li Shimin's army were from Shandong, not from Guanzhong of Princess Pingyang, nor from Longzhong. After the battle against Wang Shichong, Li Shimin was defeated again. At the time of the war, there were only 3,500 people. This should be his private army. Others, such as Li Shichang and Dou Rail's Sichuan soldiers, are not counted. The actual battle of Dou Jiande's army was much more than that. Based on this calculation, whether it is Princess Pingyang's women's army or Xue Ju's Longxi army, they are almost exhausted by him! The vast majority of these Longxi troops took a road of no return. Most of their wives and children are destined to become orphans and widows.

The population statistics of the five counties according to Xue Ju are as follows:

Table 2:

The number of households in the five years of the great cause of Sui County is counted as five people per household, and the number of mouths in the thirteenth year of Zhenguan in Tangzhou is lost

Tianshui County 52130260650 Qinzhou 250739.6%

Jincheng County 681834090 Lanzhou 720521.4%

Xiping County 311815590 Shanzhou 958261.5%

Caohan County 1315765785 Hezhou 1265519.2%

Douhe County 224011200 Kuozhou24400217.9%

———————————————————————————————

Total774633873157901520.4%

Heavy losses! Only a fifth remains. This is still nearly 20 years after Tang Gaozu pacified the world, and the actual losses should be even heavier. Especially the Tianshui County closest to Tang is not one out of ten. It was the closest place to the battlefield in the battle of Tang and Qin. The population of Watering River County has grown considerably. Apparently there was no war and a large number of refugees settled there.

The population statistics of the three counties according to Li Rail are as follows:

Table 3:

The number of households in the five years of the great cause of Sui County is counted as five people per household, and the number of mouths in the thirteenth year of Zhenguan in Tangzhou is lost

Wuwei County 1170558525 Liangzhou 3303056.4%

Zhangye County 612630630 Ganzhou 22092

Suzhou711895.4%

Dunhuang County 777938895 Shazhou 16250

Guazhou 432252.9%

———————————————————————————————

Total 256101280508281264.7%

Li Liang is under An Xiuren and An Xiugui without war. Later, the crown prince and Yang Gongren went to pacify the population and saved nearly two-thirds. No small credit. Xueju Xiping County, which was captured by Li Rail, also saved 61.5%.

It turned out that the five counties where Xue Ju was based were more than three times that of Li Rail's three counties, and now they are not as good as Li Rail's.

But the heaviest losses were the rest of the counties in Longxi, which originally belonged to Tang. Due to the defeat of Li Shi's militia, it became a place of contention between the two sides, and it suffered the most from the war.

Table 4:

The number of households in the five years of the great cause of Sui County is counted as five people per household, and the number of mouths in the thirteenth year of Zhenguan in Tangzhou is lost

Longxi County 1924796235 Weizhou 90289.4%

Hanyang-gun 1098554925 Chengju 725913.2%

Wudu County 1078053900 Wuzhou 11522.1%

Lintao County 28971144855 Taozhou 8260

Minzhou1923921.8%

Diezhou 4069

Danchang County 699634980 Danzhou 14614.2%

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Total 769793848955046813.1%

Only 13.1% remained. There is not one out of ten lost Longxi County. Danchang and Wudu have almost become no man's land.

Lintao County, which was formerly the most prosperous, was divided into three states. It was not until the second year of Wude that Taozhou and Diezhou were placed. It can be seen that a large part of it is likely to be lost by Li Shimin. Tang Gaozu put the rest in Minzhou. This is another matter of Yining's second year. Minzhou accounts for the majority of the remaining population, and the state seat is less than half of Minzhou. It can be seen that the two states of Tao and Stack were lost to Xue Ju due to the disaster of war. The population loss must have been very severe, and it has almost become a no-man's land. It all depends on Minzhou not being lost, and Lintao only left one-fifth of the population. If these five counties are lined up in Minzhou, there may be no one out of ten.

Hanyang County was lost to Xue Ju due to the defeat of Dou Rail, and the remaining population was equal to the average. That's the most left.

The above three items are combined: there are 180052 households in the five years of Daye, and there are 900,000 people in each household based on five people per household. By the thirteenth year of Zhenguan, only 212295 people remained, and 23.4% remained.

The war disaster of Kannai Province spread to the prefecture and state, and Yan zhòng was also lost.

Table 5:

The number of households in the five years of the great cause of Sui County is counted as five people per household, and the number of mouths in the thirteenth year of Zhenguan in Tangzhou is lost

Fufeng County 92233461115 Qizhou 108324

Longzhou 1860327.5%

Beidi County 70690353450 Ningzhou 66135

Fenzhou 6481937.1%

Anding County 76281381405 Jingzhou 359219.4%

Pingliang County 27995139975 Yuanju 105127.5%

———————————————————————————————

Total 267189133594530431422.8%

It can be seen that despite the large population and strong city of Fufeng County, only 27.5% of the remnants remained. It was the second year of Yining's return to the Tang Dynasty, and it was also the place where Liu Shirang was defeated. Li Shimin is there. The remaining Longdong County of Fufeng County was lost, and then it was often lost.

Northland County is the best, and it is only a third strong. Yining belonged to Tang in the first year, and was divided into Fengzhou in the second year. Ningzhou was besieged, and then it was assassinated by Hu Shi. Fengzhou also entered Xue Jujun's army. Since at least two counties have not been lost, the most has been lost. Anding County and Pingliang County are not one out of ten. Pingliang County did not consider the lost town of Huining. "Tang Zhi" has no number of thirteen years of Zhenguan. However, after more than 100 years of restoration, there are only 4,594 households and 26,662 people in Tianbao. At this time, it is completely negligible, and even if it is included, it will never change the situation that there is no one left in Pingliang. Some counties, such as Chaona and Moting, will disappear, and the most likely thing is that the population will be completely lost, and the county will be completely abolished.

"The Book of Sui, The Biography of the Daughters of the Lie, Pei Lun's Wife" tells a story. Pei Lun was ordered by Weiyuan, the county fell into the hands of Xue Ju, and Pei Lun was killed. His wife, his daughter, and his daughter-in-law all committed suicide by jumping into a well. The Book of Sui says that this happened at the end of the Great Cause, but this is a lie! Weiyuan belongs to Longxi County, and later changed to Weizhou, which was originally in Tang Hand. It was the defeat of Li Shi's militia that fell into the hands of Xue Ju. Does Xue Jujun want to ** when he sees a woman? This didn't even say anything about Li Shimin and "Old Tang". Perhaps the six women died of self-shock. However, Li Shimin's militia has an unshirkable responsibility for the defeat and loss of territory.

Xiao Yu's Hechi County, Tang belongs to Shannan Road, changed to Fengzhou. There were 11,202 households in the fifth year of Daye, and there were only 9,794 people in the thirteenth year of Zhenguan, leaving 17%.

In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan, King Lu Wentai of Gaochang refused to accept the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin sent Hou Jun to attack him.

When Wentai heard that the Tang soldiers were rising, he said to his countrymen: "Tang went to me for 7,000 miles, the sand moraine lived in its 2,000 li, there was no water and grass on the ground, the cold wind was like a knife, the hot wind was like a burn, and the army could be brought to the army!" When I entered the court, I saw the north of Qin and Long, and the city was depressed, and there was no longer a Sui ratio. Now come to attack me, and if you send more troops, you will not be able to transport food; 30,000 have been lowered, and I can control it. When you wait for your work, sit back and reap the disadvantages. If the army is under the city, but it will be twenty days, and the food will be exhausted, and then it will be captured. Why worry! (Tongjian)

It can be seen that the withering of Longxi. Because Lu Wentai happened to die of illness, Hou Junji was lucky to win the battle.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the people suffered, and the household registration was greatly reduced. Of course, we must first investigate the responsibility of the decadent reactionary forces represented by Emperor Yang of Sui. The government is harsh and violent, causing chaos in the world. However, the size of the losses varies from place to place, and their individual circumstances are different, and each has its own specific responsibility. Li Liang still has 64.7% of the stronghold left, 61.5% of the Xueju Xiping County captured for him, and only 20.4% of the Xueju stronghold remains, and there is no one left in the Tang and Qin contentions, which originally belonged to the Tang Dynasty. Then you can't blame Emperor Yang of Sui. It was Li Shimin's defeat that made the original Tang land a battlefield. Correspondingly, Xue Ju's original base had fewer war disasters, but more were preserved. Naturally, Xue Ju and Sui's war against Tang Bi was also a reason. But the country is full of battlefields, and it's not here that Tang Bi is there. Li Shimin can't escape responsibility!

Why did the five counties of Xue Ju keep three times the total amount of Xiping County? -- The direct war disaster suffered by the five counties of Xue Ju is not great. It should be understood in this way, then until Xue Rengao was defeated, the loss of population in those five counties was actually not much. In the decisive battle, Li Shimin only eliminated a few thousand people. The rest surrendered voluntarily or forcedly. Xue Jundong wanted to deal with Tang, and the west wanted to defend against Li Rail. Roughly the Zhuang Ding of the eastern county was used to deal with Tang, and the Zhuang Ding of the western county was used to deal with Li Liang. -- The concept of vernacularity. Therefore, after the defeat of Xue Qin, Xiping County and others entered the Li Rail Department. Later, if they didn't fight, the prince, Yang Gongren and others handled it correctly, and they didn't use the strong men there as a private army. Husbands and wives are still reunited. and they were able to plow and have children. Li Rail's ability to treat prisoners leniently is also the reason, and Li Rail's credit is not small. And Li Shimin is different, the surrender of the army has become his private army and has embarked on the road of no return. Women, children, the elderly, and the disabled were left behind. There is no real equalization of land, and the land is barely cultivated. It's too late to save the dead, and if you lose your husband, what does it mean to have children? In the thirteenth year of Zhenguan, twenty-two years passed, and the population was sparse.

The Turkic invasion was another reason for the depopulation. The Turks, of course, are guilty. But Li Shimin is not guilty of opposing Juntian? Naturally, if the population of Longxi is moved to Kanto in large numbers, Longxi will be empty. But these people arrived in Kanto and were able to reclaim the fertile and humid plains. Each ding was given 100 acres of land, and the widow was given not only 40 acres, but also the opportunity to remarry and have children. Under the strict regulation of rents and the acquisition of 100 acres of land per ding, a husband can provide for his two wives and their children. When the population recovers, it is not too late to reclaim to Longyou. Li Shimin Zhenguan four years Li Daliang said: "Hexi Prefecture and County are depressed, and since the Turks are weak, they have to be cultivated; This is evidenced. If they could not emigrate, they should defeat the Turks as soon as possible. After Tang Gaozu Wude was blocked from moving the capital and immigrating in the seventh year, he was ready to finally solve the Turkic problem. But Li Shimin lost the battle in the eighth year of Wude. When the Turks invaded again in the ninth year of Wude, they launched the Xuanwumen conspiracy. And made a humiliating alliance with the Turks, which caused the Turks to plague for another four years. If it weren't for the Turkic disintegration, I really don't know when the disaster in Guanlong would be the end? After Li Shimin surrendered to the Turks in civil strife, he still launched a war to destroy the Turks, which was another destruction of Guanlong. Later, there were successive wars, fighting Gaochang, and then Gaochang Zhizhou. It's another big crime!

However, the losses of the Tang-Qin War were far more than that. It was always the landlord class that benefited from the peasant rebels' killing of each other. The landlord class also always provoked peasant rebels to kill each other. At the beginning, the Tang army was defeated, and the peasant rebel army of Princess Pingyang and the peasant army of Liu Wenjing and Liu Hongji under the command of the prince suffered heavy losses. It's that other people like Dou Liang led He Shang is not a peasant army? Xue Qin's disintegration failed, and the loss was also the peasant army. It is said that Xue Rengao was cruel, caught the rich to blame Jinbao, Zhang Guiyou was lewd and violent, and even Chu Liang, Zhong Juqiu, Zhai Changchou, Liang Hulang, etc., who came to take refuge in Li Shimin, were naturally betrayed by the landlord class. A counteroffensive was inevitable. Zhang Gui's waist cut is an example. But this betrayal was also a scourge to Tang. Since then, there has been an army of landlords in the Tang army. In the end, the crown prince and the king of Qi were killed, Tang Gaozu was overthrown, a large number of martial meritorious heroes were persecuted, and the landlord class represented by Li Shimin usurped power.

Xue Ju Xue Rengao naturally has a heavy responsibility. They expanded their territory regardless of the target, and fought with Tang Bi very early. At that time, the spearhead should be aimed at the old Sui and its decadent successors, such as Wang Shichong, Yu Wenhua, etc. But when the prince built east to Luoyang, and Li Xiaogong and others went south to Bashu, they launched the fratricidal Tang and Qin battles. So that both sides lose.

Xue Qin's location is narrow, and the geographical location is destined to be unfavorable. However, if we proceed from the interests of the majority of the people, we should take into account the overall situation, and if we cannot become the emperor, we will not be stubborn. Let the Tang army deal with the old Sui with all its might, sit on the right side of Longyou, calm the people, and resume production. It is to expand its power and go south to Sichuan. If there is an opportunity to conquer Yizhou, the capital can be moved to Chengdu, and there is a hope of capturing the whole Sichuan. The territory of the old Sui is something that everyone can take. But if it is like Fufeng, or even Chang'an, if Tang Jiezu wins first, don't fight anymore. The re-struggle was that the peasant army was killing each other, and its nature changed, and it was no longer to overthrow the decadent and brutal old Sui Dynasty, but it had completely become an unjust war, interfering with the general direction of the anti-Sui Dynasty. The fact that the crown prince was forced to abandon Luoyang is proof of this. We cannot demand that Tang adopt a peaceful solution to Xue Ju. Even efforts for a peaceful solution are unlikely to be effective. The Tang Dynasty was basically a just war of self-defense.

Xue Ju attacked Tang, and the result was a defeat for both sides. is also ruined, and it is really self-inflicted. Unlucky were the vast number of peasant soldiers. At that time, Tang had already captured Guanzhong, and there was Hedong, which was powerful, and later took Sichuan. Xue Ju and Xue Rengao could win a temporary victory, but it was impossible to destroy the Tang Dynasty by means of war. Later, it was said that Tang also had two field armies, as well as Qi Wang Yuanji and other local troops. Even if he destroyed Tang, he was exhausted, and Guanzhong was also broken. It is not only a scourge for the world, but also has no benefit for itself. Naturally, Xue Rengao not only shouldn't be killed after he descended, but even if he was caught hard, it was better not to kill.

Li Shimin also could not escape heavy responsibility. Since the war was inevitable, it should be won, not lost, and many counties were ravaged.

(10) Liu Wenjing's death

Li Shi's militia defeated Jingzhou. Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan became scapegoats. At the end of the sixth day of September of the second year, Liu Wenjing was ambushed. Li Shimin blamed Pei Lian.

Again, this is a complete lie! On June 26 of that year, Liu Wuzhou and Song Jingang marched south, and Li Shimin's reinforcements Jiang Baoyi and Li Zhongwen were defeated. Pei Lin was in danger and asked Ying, the head of the march of Jinzhou Road, to ask Liu Wuzhou. It has been sixty-eight days since Liu Wenjing's death, how can he talk to Liu Wenjing? This was completely fabricated by Li Shimin to add guilt to Pei Lian. Sima Guang is not unaware. But not only did he not have the slightest suspicion of Li Shimin's fabricated lies, but instead baselessly said, "When you are silent, you have this first, and Gao Zu has not endured to kill, but he is determined to hear." In short, they believe whatever Li Shimin says. Even if the loophole is bigger than the sky, it is not according to Li Shimin's request that Pei Lin be charged with the crime. Li Shimin will make up lies, and if they don't make it up, they will do it for him.

All right! Even if Pei Lin said it, since Gao Zu didn't hear it, then the matter was over. In the future, if Liu Wenjing dies, it should have nothing to do with Pei Lian, it is someone else's business.

That's what the Tongjian says.

Liu Wenjing, the secretary of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, thought that his talents and merits were on the right side of Pei Lian, and he was under him, which was very unfair. Every court discussion, silence is something, quiet must not be, and there are several invasions and insults, so there is a gap. Wen Jing and her brother went straight to ride and often served Wen to drink, drunk, resentful, and pulled out a knife to hit the pillar and said: "I will behead Pei Lonely!" "There are demons in the family, and Wen Qi summoned the witch to be issued a knife under the stars to be disgusted. Wen Jing has a concubine but no favor, so his brother will tell him. Shang Yi Wen Jing is a subordinate official, and Pei Lin (?!) ), Xiao Yu asked. Wen Jing said: "At the beginning of Jianyi, Xi was Sima, and the plan was slightly the same as the long history. Present silence is a servant, according to the first one; The ministers and officials are not different from everyone, the east and west are requisitioned, the old mother stays in Beijing, there is no shelter from the wind and rain, there is really a heart of hope, because of drunken complaints, can not protect themselves. The above ministers said: "Guan Wenjing's words are understandable." Li Gang and Xiao Yu both knew that they were not opposed, and King Qin Shimin insisted on it: "In the past, in Jinyang, Wen Jing first decided an extraordinary strategy, and then told him about it; and Kejingcheng, Ren is suspended, so that Wen Jing looks at it, and he does not dare to rebel. Pei said in the above: "Wen Jing is a little real crown people, the sex is rough and dangerous, today is undecided, and staying will be troubled." "The upper is close to the lonely, the low is back for a long time, and the pawn is silent. Xin Wei, Wen Jing and Wen Qi sat down and died, and they lost their homes.

"The Biography of Liu Wenjing, the Old and New Tang" is roughly the same. "Old Tang Dynasty" praised: "The wind and clouds are united at the beginning, and we will exhaust our intelligence." Snobbery is divided and turned into enemies. Shi Chen listed Pei Lin four major crimes, (Li Shimin also listed Pei Lin four major crimes that can be killed), but still put Pei Lin in front of Liu Wenjing. "New Tang Dynasty" simply put Liu Wenjing in front of Pei Lian.

There is an obvious lie here. Pei Lone is in Hedong, how to ask about the war outside? How could Tang Gaozu let him judge Liu Wenjing? How could he speak?

Judging from this, Liu Wenjing is not guilty of murder. The first is that he wants to kill Pei Lian, but it is only the motive for killing rather than the action. If it is out of personal will, every court discussion, silence is something, quiet must not be, and several invasions and insults to loneliness. Not only is that extremely unreasonable, but it's also a big problem. But a closer look at this statement is also questionable.

Maybe Liu Wenjing is indeed jealous of Pei Lian. Zhenguan was already well known, which provided convenience for Li Shimin to blame Pei Lian. But carefully counting the whereabouts of the two, the so-called "every court discussion is silent, quiet must not be, and several intrusions and insults." "Not necessarily true.

It is said that "the beginning of the wind and clouds are combined, and the intelligence is exhausted." At the beginning, Liu Wenjing and Pei Lin wouldn't be like this! When did they become enemies?

At the beginning, Pei Lin was always by Gaozu's side. And Liu Wenjing sent an envoy to the Turks, and turned his back on the plan of letting Gaozu be a servant emperor like Liu Wuzhou and Liang Shidu. Gaozu did not accept it out of national righteousness. Pei Lin proposed to put away the white flag, use the red white, and respect Emperor Yang as the emperor and set up the king as the puppet emperor. Gaozu accepted. Liu Wenjing has no objection. Again the envoys to the Turks. This time I went to Gaozu to arrive at Longmen. - This is probably not called "every court is silent, quiet must not be, and a few intrusions and insults." "It's not going to be an enemy!

Li Shimin held Liu Wenjing very high. One is to belittle his father and elevate himself. Hu Bian Jinyang Uprising was planned by himself and Liu Wenjing. Anyway, Liu Wenjing died early, and it will be up to him to say it later. Even diplomacy with the Turks is attributed to Liu Wenjing. But Liu Wenji's first mission was unsuccessful. It is Gao Zu who twisted the right direction as evidence. But Li Shimin also slandered Gaozu for claiming to be subordinate to the Turks, and saw "The Defeat of the National Hero Tang Gaozu". The second is to belittle the crown prince. Tunyong Fengcang's annihilation of Qu Tutong's main force is first of all the credit of the prince. Li Shimin highlighted the bias and obliterated the coach. This is a common trick of the reactionaries to falsify history.

Due to the above reasons, compared with Pei Lian, Liu Wenjing's status was indeed not very high at the beginning, and that should be. Pei Lin first planned to raise troops. Gaozu sent troops, and Pei Lin sent supplies. So the county was sealed at the beginning. Later, he has been by Gaozu's side to give advice and engage in specific work. But even so, Gao Zu did not treat Liu Wenjing badly. Jing Shiping, Pei Lianjin was crowned the Duke of Wei, and Liu Wenjing was crowned the Duke of Lu after annihilating the remnants of Qu Tutong, all of which were great powers. Gaozu ascended the throne, Pei Lin shot for the right servant, and Liu Wenjing was the answer. Soon they were spared two deaths together, before this, Liu Wenjing and Pei Lin had the same wishes, and they were also "slightly the same", so it stands to reason that they should not be jealous.

If it is true that Liu Wenjing admonished that "the noble and the lowly are out of position", then he went to fight Xue Judang after Gaozu ascended the throne. From returning from Luoyang with the prince in March to going to the Western Front, there were at most two or three months in between with Pei Lin at the imperial court. That is the pinnacle of his life, so he won't be with Pei Lin "if there is something, it must not be"! According to Li Shimin, he will return in late April, which is one or two months at most. If you come back from Luoyang and go to the Western Front, you won't even have this or two months.

After that, Li Shimin's defeat in Jingzhou in July was on behalf of Li Shimin.

According to the "New Tang Dynasty Gaozu Benji", the heroes were exempted from death on the sixth day of August in the first year of Wude. Li Shimin's defeat in Jingzhou was the ninth son of the beginning of July, and Liu Wenjing had become a scapegoat. can still be exempted from the treatment of second death. Liu Wenjing's removal was on Renshen Day, and "New Tang" said that August was a mistake. In August of that year, there was no Renshen, and Renshen was July 29. Twenty days after defeat and seven days before removal. Of course, Gaozu knew about the defeat on the Western Front, and took special care of him, not forgetting his exploits.

What really made the disparity between Liu Wenjing and Pei Lian's status was nothing else, it was the defeat in July. After being removed, Liu Wenjing was planted, and he lost the qualification to discuss the government with Pei Lian. The so-called Pei Lin "has something, Liu Wenjing must not be", there is no such possibility at all.

Soon Liu Wenjing and Li Shimin went to fight Xue Rengao. After peace, he restored his lord with merit and worshiped the people of the Ministry of Shangshu. On November 22, Li Shimin went to Chang'an, and Liu Wenjing returned to Chang'an at this time. However, in the early December of the second year, Li Shimin was the head of Shaanxi East Road, and he served as the right servant of Shaanxi East Road. There are only nine days in Beijing, and at best, he will meet Pei Lian, and there will be no opportunity to discuss the government. At that time, he was only a name when he was the secretary of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, not to mention that he was far away from the servants. Soon after, he and Li Shimin were in Changchun Hall together, and they were not even qualified to discuss the government for a while. - We already know this, but it was actually the attack on Kasaka. This was his real task at that time.

Pei Lin has no concept of the door, Liu Wenjing has a strong concept of hierarchy, and the two may have differences. But due to the disparity in position, Pei Lian's "something is and must not be" is simply impossible!

We can believe that Liu Wenjing is indeed jealous of Pei Lian. But because they are not together, Pei Lin may be in the dark until Liu Wenjing dies.

Since it was a defeat in July to make Liu Wenjing planted, he was a scapegoat for Li Shimin. So what is smooth is that Liu Wenjing has resentment, and he should be the first to rush at Li Shimin, and then to be jealous of Pei Lian.

It was impossible for Pei Lin to really sue Liu Wenjing in front of Gao Zu. The first suspect should be Li Shimin.

Liu Wenjing resented Li Shimin, so that the truth of the July defeat might be exposed and endanger Li Shimin, which was Li Shimin's first motive for suing him.

Liu Wenjing and Li Shimin are guarding the Changchun Palace. To sue such a general, he must first pass through Li Shimin. Whether it is Liu Wenjing's concubine or the concubine brother, it is impossible for him to sue Gaozu by himself, who else but Li Shimin will convey it on his behalf? We can even ask: Did Li Shimin convey it on their behalf? Or did Li Shimin use them to get rid of Liu Wenjing? Other people may not be willing to convey it, but if they can convey it and are willing to convey it, they must be people with high status and want to restrain Liu Wenjing to death.

Li Shimin said that his speech for Liu Wenjing in front of Tang Gaozu was pure nonsense. What: "In the past, in Jinyang, Wen Jing first decided an extraordinary policy, and then told the silence; ......" not only confessed that Liu Wenjing was not harmed by himself, but also used this to post gold for himself, saying that the Jinyang Uprising was planned by himself and Liu Wenjing. Others are in Chaoyi, how can they exonerate Liu Wenjing? Kabasaka was a stubborn fortress that he conquered. Dugu Huaien attacked for one hundred and ten days, and was reprimanded by Tang Gaozu. At this time, Li Shimin had been attacking for 269 days, could he still leave his post without permission?

If Li Shimin was indeed by the side of Gaozu in Chang'an at this time, the question would be strict, and Liu Wenjing was personally escorted to Chang'an.

Therefore, the passage in "Tongjian" is full of lies. When Liu Wenjing died, Pei Lin was not present, and he didn't know, and Li Shimin was not there. Pei Lin did not consult Liu Wenjing. Li Shimin also did not speak for Liu Wenjing. Most of the people who brought down Liu Wenjing were Li Shimin. Liu Wenjing's charges are not at all arbitrary. Isn't it clearly written in the book that there is rebellion?

What kind of treason? There is no record, and there are ghosts. But we can still know. It's obvious. That is to take the road of Dugu Huai'en! ——It has been said in "Tang Gaozu's Expedition to the East of the River". Under the rule of Li Shimin, there were many thieves in Yuxiang Township, Eastern Shaanxi Province, and Xia County and Xie County wanted to rebel - colluded with Wang Xingben of Puban, went south to Yongfengcang, and connected Liu Wuzhou and Song Jingang in the north to attack Pei Lian, only in this way can Pei Lin be restrained to death. Liu Wenjing confessed that she was jealous of Pei Lone. There were also concubines and brothers to testify. It was precisely in front of Tang Gaozu that this crime was confirmed. Tang Gaozu looked back for a long time and couldn't bear to kill, but for the sake of the overall situation, he felt that he couldn't help but kill.

Li Shimin attacked Pusaka in a time one and a half times longer than Dugu Huaien, but he still did not fall, so it was naturally impossible not to be blamed by Gaozu. Although he is greedy for the merits of heaven for himself, he often says that he goes to the places where others go. But he didn't say a word about attacking Kasaka, as if others were busy fighting and he was resting. This shows that his attack on Kasaka was not smooth. Now that Liu Wenjing colluded with Wang Xingben, he can exonerate himself, which can really be described as killing two birds with one stone. is also like this, what is Liu Wenjing's crime of rebellion? We can't expect Li Shimin to leave us the truth.

"Tang Gaozu's Expedition to the East of the River" has already said that Li Shimin said that Li Rail was under the Liang and Gan that he went to Liang and Gan, which was pure bragging. If you really go to Liang and Gan, I'm afraid that I won't even have time on the road, how can I speak for Liu Wenjing? In reading the history of the Tang Dynasty, you can often find this kind of doppelganger technique like Li Shimin. This time he has become a member of the three-body country!

What most explains that Li Shimin killed Liu Wenjing is precisely that Li Shimin rehabilitated Liu Wenjing in the third year of Zhenguan. That year, he was silent and pretended to rehabilitate Liu Wenjing. The purpose is to take advantage of the well-known Liu Wenjing's jealousy of Pei Lian, and frame Pei Lin for killing Liu Wenjing. not only hit Pei Lian, but also confessed that Liu Wenjing was not killed by himself, and he can make up the myth that he and Liu Wenjing planned an uprising.

But Liu Wenjing's two sons didn't appreciate it. It stands to reason that Liu Wenjing pursued the official title, and Zishu attacked the Duke of Lu and Princess Xu Shang, then Liu Wenjing's son should be grateful. But Liu Shuyi and his brother Liu Shuyi still complained that their father was poked, and this resentment was obviously directed at Li Shimin. Doesn't this mean that they think that their father was killed by Li Shimin? In the end, he was killed by Li Shimin for the crime of treason. It's been ten years. They were not enslaved, what capital is there to rebel? But Li Shimin was ruthless and killed Liu Wenjing's two sons - he thought that in this way, Liu Wenjing's death would become a permanent secret. But paper can't contain fire, and 1,300 years later, a demon still exposed this bloody and vicious conspiracy!!

Liu Wenjing died early, and it can be made up by Li Shimin. The Jinyang Uprising was originally organized by Gaozu, and the crown prince Jiancheng also participated, and Li Shimin was kept in the dark. All the people were gathered by Tang Gaozu. The crown prince and Pei Lin played a big role. Li Shimin had no merit at all. But he shamelessly attributed the Jinyang Uprising to himself, saying that it was planned by himself and Liu Wenjing. Even if it is harmful, it will be praised again. The harm is to cover up the culpability of the defeat of Jinju, and to shirk the responsibility of attacking Pusaka for a long time. praised Liu Wenjing as the first speaker, and he became the organizer of the Jinyang Uprising. So Liu Wenjing was imprisoned, Li Shimin visited the prison, and the lie that he planned to raise troops in prison was made up. Liu Wenjing called him "very human." Generosity is similar to Henkel, and Shenwu is the same as Wei Zu, although his age is young, it is the sky. The lie was also made up. In this way, it is said that after planning in prison, I don't know how Liu Wenjing was released from prison? You can "deploy guests and plan an uprising." "That's it.

Liu Wenjing's actual merits are far less than said. And Pei Lian's exploits were mostly wiped out. When Gaozu went south, we can see that whether it is Tunjiahu Fort or Hedong, it is Pei Lin who is helping Gaozu with advice. Later, Ren Youfu shot the actual prime minister, comparable to Xiao He. Not to mention anything else, to formulate and implement the law of rent adjustment and the system of equalizing land, only Pei Lin can do specific work. People often refer to Fang and Dolby as Xiao and Cao. In fact, Fang and Dujia together are at most half a Cao ginseng. So there are not many deeds in Fang Xuanling's biography! What's more, Pei Lin was in danger in Hedong, and later went to fight Wang Shichong with Gaozu. That's far from Xiao He's!

It is completely absurd to combine Liu Wenjing and Pei Lin in a volume, and Pei Lin should be an independent volume. Xu Jingzong's inclusion of Liu Wenjing, eldest grandson Shunde, and Qian Jiulong in the same volume is the only correct approach. So how did Xu Jingzong treat Pei Lian? There is no record in history. But now that Liu Wenjing has been separated, it seems that no one can be with or can only be with Pei Lian. The bigger one is that Pei Lin wrote the volume alone, plus some supplementary biographies. It is well known that Xu Jingzong's book was heavily tampered with by Liu Rengui after his death.

Li Shimin wants to borrow other people's mouths everywhere to say that he has a destiny, and Liu Wenjing is the first. Without further ado, I'll just give you one example. It is said that when Li Mi saw him, he was shocked, "True Hero! The feudal historian said indifferently: "Is this a mere convincing? Welling's arrogance is enough to obey it! He thought that Li Mi would soon rebel and die, so he could let him say it. Use Li Mi's prestige to claim the destiny of heaven for himself. But I was about to ask: If Li Mi really met the true Son of Heaven, then why would he rebel again in the near future?!

Li Mi's words are said to have been said to Yin Kaishan. Why is it that the informant is always an individual and dies young? "The Biography of Old Tang Yin Qiao" said that he recruited Liu Heimin: "The Tao died of illness." Taizong came to the funeral, cried very much, and gave the right servant of the Daxingtai in the east of Shaanxi Province to shoot, and said the festival. "Is it also killing people to cover up Jingzhou's defeat? Don't dare to speculate. But the official gift can only be Tang Gaozu, and it can never be him Li Shimin. After Li Shimin usurped and came to power, he was named forty-three meritorious heroes, without Liu Wenjing and Yin Kaishan. It seems that Li Shimin has no feelings for Yin Kaishan.

Among the forty-three people in the list of 43 people proposed by Tang Gaozu, only Pei Lian, Changsun Shunde, Chai Shao, Liu Hongji, Tang Jian, Zhang Pinggao, and Liu Yijie (Liu Shilong) were left, and they were all hit by different Cheng dù soon. Chai Shao was the most degraded to the history of Huazhou Thorn. Pei Lin was listed as one of the four major crimes that could be killed, and he was exiled to Jingzhou until he died. Tang Jian surrendered ** and was almost killed by Li Jing. This old Sui spy called the father of the uprising "Tang Jian's generation is not to be regretted". If it weren't for Li Shimin's rejection of the attack, how could he dare to despise it so much? After Tang Jian, he was impeached and demoted by the imperial history. But among the heroes of martial virtue, he is indeed the luckiest. He saw with his own eyes the decline of the eldest grandson Wuji-Chu Suiliang Group, and his death in the first year of Xianqing can indeed be blinded!