Due to historical, social, geographical and other reasons, there are a large number of impoverished people in China, and poverty alleviation has always been an extremely important task in China. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

For a long time, the focus of China's poverty alleviation work has been on regional poverty alleviation, and no households have been identified. Since the mid-80s of the century, China's main poverty alleviation targets are the poverty-stricken counties determined by the state or provinces, and in 2001 it began to turn to 150,000 poverty-stricken villages, and in 2011, 14 contiguous poverty-stricken special zones were identified. It can be seen from this that China's poverty alleviation has long been based on regional development in poverty-stricken areas.

However, with the development of the times, regional poverty alleviation is no longer in line with China's national conditions, coupled with its inherent defects, it is imperative to implement targeted poverty alleviation. Targeted poverty alleviation is the guiding ideology of China's poverty control work in the coming period, and it is also a new working mechanism and work goal for China's poverty reduction.

However, the problem of poverty is a social problem, and in order to solve the problem of poverty and achieve the goal of eradicating poverty by 2020, it is obviously not enough to rely on the power of the government alone, but also requires the extensive participation of all sectors of society.

In November 2014, the General Office of the State Council proposed to "actively guide social organizations to alleviate poverty" in the "Opinions on Further Mobilizing All Social Forces to Participate in Poverty Alleviation and Development"; "Encourage them to participate in the mobilization, allocation and use of social poverty alleviation resources, and build dynamic social organizations to participate in poverty alleviation mechanisms".

1. The meaning of targeted poverty alleviation

The so-called targeted poverty alleviation is the symmetry of extensive poverty alleviation, which refers to the use of scientific and effective procedures to accurately identify, accurately assist and manage the poverty alleviation targets according to the environment of different poverty-stricken areas and the conditions of different poor rural households. Targeted poverty alleviation mainly includes six precisions, five batches and five persistences.

The six precisions refer to: precise poverty alleviation targets, accurate project arrangements, accurate use of funds, precise measures to households, accurate dispatch of people to villages, and accurate poverty alleviation results.

The five batches refer to: poverty alleviation through development and production, poverty alleviation and relocation, ecological compensation, poverty alleviation through education, and social security.

The five insistences are:

1) Adhere to the combination of poverty alleviation and overall work, and take the road of overall poverty alleviation.

2) Adhere to the combination of continuous development and classified support, and take the road of precise poverty alleviation.

3) Adhere to the combination of administrative promotion and market drive, and take the road of opening up and poverty alleviation.

4) Adhere to the combination of "trinity" and self-reliance, and take the road of "hematopoietic" poverty alleviation.

5) Adhere to the combination of resource development and ecological protection, and take the road of ecological poverty alleviation.

2. Reasons for the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation

1. The environment changes, adapt to the times

In the past, there were many poor people, and taking townships, towns, and villages as units was conducive to pooling resources and promoting the development of poverty-stricken areas, so that as many poor people as possible could benefit.

However, with the development of the economy, the number of poor people in China has been greatly reduced, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the work of poverty alleviation and development has entered a sprint period of "gnawing hard bones and tackling tough villages".

Targeted poverty alleviation is a new measure after China's poverty alleviation has reached a new stage, which is in line with China's national conditions.

2. There are flaws in the institutional design of traditional poverty alleviation

The traditional extensive poverty alleviation work has blind spots in terms of specific poor households, the causes of poverty and the assistance measures, and some real poor households cannot receive assistance. In addition, due to the limited funds for poverty alleviation projects and the fact that they may not be in line with local conditions, it is difficult for truly poor residents to benefit from them.

Taking the poverty alleviation and relocation project as an example, poor households living in remote mountainous areas and areas with hidden geological disasters are the most difficult "hard bones" for poverty alleviation and development, and relocation is a better way out, but because of the small amount of subsidy funds, most of the peasant households who enjoy the subsidy of poverty alleviation funds are peasant households with relatively good economic conditions, and the poor, especially the poorest peasant households, cannot afford to move at all.

Targeted poverty alleviation can accurately identify poor households, and then propose and implement targeted poverty alleviation measures according to the different causes of poverty for different poor households, so as to effectively help them get rid of poverty.

3. In traditional poverty alleviation, there are problems in cadres' concept of the masses and their concept of governance

For a long time, the identification of poor families and poor people in China has been mainly through the decomposition of quotas from counties to townships and villages through democratic evaluation under quota control.

This method of helping the poor not only leads to the "scattering of flowers" in poverty alleviation funds, and poverty alleviation is carried out year after year, but also because cadres have great power, it is easy to cause such phenomena as helping the poor with personal favors and helping the poor through relationships, leading to social injustice, such as not helping the rich when they should be helped, and not helping the poor, and even breeding corruption.

On the surface, extensive poverty alleviation is a problem in the working method, but in essence, it reflects the mass concept and the governing concept of cadres, which is also one of the reasons for the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation.

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3. Different subjects in targeted poverty alleviation work

The General Office of the State Council pointed out in the "Opinions on Further Mobilizing All Social Forces to Participate in Poverty Relief and Development" that extensively mobilizing the forces of the whole society to participate in poverty relief and development is a successful experience in China's poverty relief and development undertaking and an important feature of the path of poverty relief and development with Chinese characteristics.

1. Government

There is no doubt that targeted poverty alleviation is the unshirkable responsibility of party committees and governments at all levels, and the government should play the main role in organizing and implementing.

First of all, the government needs to be able to accurately identify.

In order to achieve targeted poverty alleviation, we must first accurately identify the poor population, which is the premise of targeted poverty alleviation. Accurate identification must be carried out by the government. In accordance with the principle of "county-based, scale-controlled, hierarchically responsible, accurately identified, and dynamically managed", the government should carry out village-to-household poverty surveys and file and register work, and accurately identify who are poor residents through reasonable, legal, and effective procedures.

Second, the government should play a leading role.

Public service is one of the four major functions of the government, and poverty alleviation, as an important part of social public services, naturally requires the government to play a leading role. The government should not only formulate reasonable poverty alleviation policies, but also provide poverty alleviation funds, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of targeted poverty alleviation.

Finally, the government should actively guide and mobilize the participation of all sectors of society.

In order to give full play to the role of all aspects of society in targeted poverty alleviation, the government should improve the organization and mobilization mechanism, build a platform for social participation, improve the policy support system, and create a good social atmosphere.

(To be continued.) )