ps: 6, Feng Zen

The Zen Ceremony is a unique ancient ritual of Mount Tai, which constitutes an important part of Mount Tai's worship and belief. www.biquge.info Because this is a kind of etiquette executed by the emperors of the past dynasties, it is particularly eye-catching, and its influence is more far-reaching, forming a continuous ritual tradition from the legendary ancient history to the emperor of the Song Dynasty, throughout the primitive society and feudal society.

6. Seal Zen

The Zen Ceremony is a unique ancient ritual of Mount Tai, which constitutes an important part of Mount Tai's worship and belief. Because the executors of this kind of ritual are the emperors of the past dynasties, it is particularly eye-catching, and its influence is more far-reaching, forming a continuous ritual tradition from the legendary ancient history to the emperor of the Song Dynasty, throughout the primitive society and feudal society.

(1) The origin of Feng Zen

Sealing Zen is an ancient ritual. According to the Historical Records. Feng Zen Book "Zhang Shoujie "Justice" explained: "This Mount Tai built soil as an altar to sacrifice to the sky, and the merit of retribution to the sky is said to be sealed. This Mount Tai is removed from the ground on the hill, and the work of repaying the land is called Zen. "What is the mystery of how this seemingly simple and straightforward ceremony has become an incomparably grand ceremony for the emperors of the past dynasties? Since the "Historical Records. Feng Zen Book" out, Feng Zen began with Qin Shi Huang's statement is almost a foregone conclusion, the Southern Song Dynasty Ma Duanlin even more bluntly rebuked the "seventy-two families" Feng Zen is said to be "Confucianism" and "poetry books do not contain, not facts". And it is precisely Sima Qian who wrote clearly at the beginning of the "Feng Zen Book", Feng Zen canon, "those who are far away have more than a thousand years, and those who are close have hundreds of years, so their rituals are suddenly extinguished, and their details are not available and they are remembered and heard." It is necessary to know that the "Feng Zen Book" has a very special significance for Sima Qian, whose father Sima Tan was unable to follow Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to perform Feng Zen due to illness, as a lifelong regret of the Taishi official, and sighed before his death. "Today, the son is the leader of Chitose and seals Mount Tai. And the rest of the line is not to follow, it is fate! Fate Bianfu" ("Taishi Gong's Self-Introduction") This statement can not make Sima Qian's heart hard. Pick up and collect the historical materials of Feng Zen to "exhaust and think about it"? Moreover, Sima Qian spent his remaining sentence and completely relied on the spiritual power of "heavier than Mount Tai" to engage in his "famous mountain career", so that he did not dare to slack off in the slightest in the writings of Mount Tai's Feng Zen. Due to various reasons, he was unable to give a clear description of the origin of Feng Chan, but the exploration and affirmation of the question of one by Sima and his son were unmistakable. Ignoring this fact, should it be regarded as an "ugly view"?

If we do not have preconceived prejudices, it is not difficult to see the traces of the origins of Feng Zen by our predecessors. The old master Confucius, who tirelessly pursued the Zhou rites and took "the revenge of the ceremony" as his duty all his life, once went back and forth to learn from Mount Tai. Looking for the relics of the great gift of sealing Zen, "there are more than 70 people who can be counted by the surname of Guanyi, and there are tens of thousands of people who cannot be counted" ("Han Poems Biography"), so that when teaching the six arts to the disciples, he said embarrassedly: "The gift of the bean is not orderly, and it is difficult to speak" regrettably left a blank. Guan Zi, who was more than 500 years earlier than Sima Qian, once talked about Feng Chan, but unfortunately the "Feng Zen Chapter" in the book "Guan Zi" has long been lost. Copyed in the Feng Zen Book. It preserves a precious historical material about the origin of Feng Chan: "The Duke of Qi Huan is both a hegemon, and he will wait for Caiqiu." And want to seal Zen. Guan Zhong said: The ancients sealed the Zen Taishan Zen Liang father seventy, and the Yiwu reporter has two out of ten, in the past, there was no Huai's Feng Zen Taishan, Zen Yunyun; Fuxi Feng Taishan Zen Yunyun; Shennong sealed Mount Tai. Zen Yunyun; Emperor Yan sealed Mount Tai, Zen Yunyun; The Yellow Emperor sealed Mount Tai, Zen Yunyun; 颛顼封 Mount Tai. Zen Yunyun; Emperor Yu sealed Mount Tai Zen Yunyun; Yao Feng Taishan Zen Yunyun, Shun Feng Taishan. Zen Yunyun; Yu Feng Taishan, Zen Huiji; Tang Feng Taishan. Zen Yunyun; King Zhou Cheng sealed Mount Tai, and the head of the Zen Society was ordered to be enshrined in Zen. It is recorded in the "History of the Road" that as a descendant of Emperor Yan, Chiyou "Xingfeng Zen" also revealed the news of the origin of Feng Zen.

(2) The meaning of Zen sealing

The Han Dynasty Bangu "White Tiger Tongyi" said: "The king is ordered, and the surname is changed, and he will be promoted to Mount Tai." What? The righteousness of the teachings also. At the time of the first order, the restructuring should be peaceful in the world, and the things should be sealed into Zen, so as to tell the peace. ”

"The Five Classics of General Righteousness" says: "The mandate of heaven is the king, so that the people are born, sue for peace in the sky, and repay the merits of the gods." ”

This seems to be purely for political purposes, indicating that the emperor was ordered by the king to be in heaven, to tell heaven for peace, to express gratitude for his protection, and of course, to report on how outstanding the emperor's political achievements were. The specific ritual of the consecration is symbolic.

Bangu said: "Therefore, those who are promoted to the seal will also increase their height; The foundation of the father of the lower Zen Liang is also broad and thick; Those who engrave the stone number will make their own achievements for self-efficacy. Heaven to high respect, the earth to thick for the virtue, so increase the height of Mount Tai to repay the sky, attached to the father of the Liang to repay the earth, tomorrow the earth's order, the success of the success, beneficial to the heaven and earth, if the high one is higher, the thick one is thicker". ("White Tiger Tongyi" and "Rites and Justice" cloud: "If you sacrifice to the sky, you will burn firewood, and the sky will be the sun; Sacrifice to the ground, the paralyzed, and the moon also. ”

Originally, the various purposes and symbols of Feng Zen contained a deeper and deeper consciousness: to coordinate the relationship between heaven, earth, gods, and humans when communicating with heaven and man, so as to achieve the harmony and unity of spiritual will and external behavior.

(3) Retrospective Meditation

a, Qin Shi Huang Feng Zen

Qin Shi Huang enshrined Chan, after the Qin Dynasty unified China, the first emperor toured the East in the 28th year (219 BC), first went to Zou Yi Mountain, performed sacrifices, carved stones to praise Qin's achievements. At the same time, the Confucian scholars of Qi and Lu were convened to examine the etiquette of sealing Zen, and all the Confucian scholars had different opinions. The first emperor then set his own ritual system, renovated the mountain road, and climbed the mountain from the sun of Mount Tai. At the top of the Dai line, the enthronement ceremony, and the stone praise. From the shadow of Mount Tai down the mountain, the Zen ceremony is in Liangfu Mountain. When Qin Shi Huang sealed Mount Tai, the sacrificial texts and rituals were kept secret and not transmitted.

b, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sealed Zen

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sealed Zen in the first year of Yuan Feng (100 years BC) in March, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty led his ministers to the east, to Mount Tai, and sent people to stand on the top of the stone. After that, the east patrol the sea. In April, he returned to Mount Tai and set his own Zen etiquette: to the "landlord" god of Liangfu Mountain Shrine; After that, the sealing ceremony was held, and the sealing altar was built in the east under the mountain, which was nine feet high, and the jade book was buried under it; After the sealing ceremony, Emperor Wu alone and the servant waited for Mount Tai to wait for the car, and the ceremony was sealed; The next day, from Dai Yin, according to the ritual of the soil after the sacrifice of the solemn mountain at the northeast foot of Mount Tai. After the end of the Feng Chan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted the congratulations of the ministers in the Ming Hall, and changed the year name Yuan Ding to Yuan Feng, cut Mount Tai before Ying, Bo two counties enshrined Mount Tai, named Fenggao County. Since then, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has come to Mount Tai five times to hold the Zen sealing ceremony.

c. Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty sealed Zen

Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty sealed Chan in the 32nd year of Jianwu (56 AD) on February 12, Emperor Guangwu led the ministers to Fenggao, sent more than 1,500 servants to repair the mountain road, and more than 3,000 horsemen rode on the Dengfeng platform to build ashlar stones. On the 15th, the fast began, and on the 22nd, burnt wood in the southeast of Mount Tai to sacrifice to the sky. After the ceremony, take the chariot to climb the mountain, and change clothes to seal the ceremony after resting at the top of the mountain. On the 25th, Zen Liangfu Mountain, the year name was changed to Jianwu Zhongyuan.

d, Tang Gaozong Feng Zen

Tang Gaozong sealed Chan in October of the second year of Linde (665), Gaozong led the civil and military officials, Hu Cong honor guard, and the Empress Wu led the internal and external women, and the envoys and chiefs of Turkic, Khotan, Persia, Tianzhu, Wa, Silla, Baekje, Goryeo and other countries were accompanied by the Zen car that stretched for hundreds of miles. Gather at the foot of Mount Tai in December, send people to build a round mound altar four miles south of the mountain, decorate it with five-colored soil, and call it "Sealing Altar"; Build an altar on the top of the mountain, five zhang wide, nine feet high, out of the majesty on all sides, called "Dengfeng altar"; Build an octagonal square altar in the first mountain, called "descending Zen altar". In February of the following year, Gaozong first worshiped the heavens at the foot of the mountain "sealing the altar"; The next day, he climbed to the top of the mountain, and sealed the jade in the "Dengfeng Altar"; On the third day, go to the Sheshou Mountain to "descend to the altar" to sacrifice to the god of the earth, Gaozong finished the first offering, and the martial queen ascended to the altar. After the end of the Zen sealing, accept the congratulations of the ministers at the pilgrimage altar, and set up three monuments of "Dengfeng", "Descending Zen" and "Hajj", calling the altar of worship "Dancing Crane Terrace", Dengfeng Altar as "Long Live Terrace", and descending Zen Altar as "Jingyuntai", changing the Yuan Qianfeng, and changing Fenggao County to Qianfeng County.

e, Tang Xuanzong Feng Zen

Tang Xuanzong sealed Zen in Tang Xuanzong in October of the twelfth year of Kaiyuan (725) led hundreds of officials, nobles and foreign envoys to the east to Mount Tai to seal Zen. The sealing ceremony follows the old system of dry sealing. After sealing Zen, the god of Mount Tai is "the king of Tianqi", the rank of the ceremony is added to the three princes, Xuanzong personally wrote the book "Ji Taishan Chrome", Le in the Daiding Daguan Peak, and ordered the book to order Zhang Shuo to write "Ode to the Altar of Worship", Shizhongyuan Qianyao wrote "Ode to the Altar of the Society", and the Ministry of Rites Shangshu Su wrote "Ode to the Altar of Hajj", and the stone Jide was written.

f, Song Zhenzong sealed Zen

Song Zhenzong sealed Zen in the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008 years) October, Song Zhenzong set off from Bianjing, thousands of rides, Dongfeng Taishan. changed Qianfeng County to Fengfu County, and named Taishan God as "Tianqi Ren Holy Emperor"; The goddess of Mount Tai was named "the fairy jade girl Bixia Yuanjun"; On the east side of the Tang Mo Cliff on the top of Mount Tai, engrave "Xie Tianshu Narrative of the Two Holy Merits Inscription", Zhao Wang Dan wrote "Ode to the Altar of Worship", Wang Qinruo wrote "Ode to the Altar of the Society", Chen Yaosu wrote "Ode to the Altar of Hajj", and each set up a monument under the mountain. Now only Wang Dan's "Ode to the Altar of Worship" still exists in the courtyard of the Dai Temple.

After Song Zhenzong, the emperor came to Mount Tai only to hold a sacrificial ceremony, and no longer carried out the sealing of Zen. (To be continued.) )

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