PS: (1) Worship the heavens

There is a sacrificial field, which is generally a square or rectangular place surrounded by stones in a beautiful place not far from the village, and there is an altar inside. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 The INFO Worship Ground also has an inner and outer field, surrounded by tall evergreen trees, and the scenery is beautiful, and it can accommodate dozens to one or two hundred people. The suburbs of the city or the center of the dam area without a venue also take turns to set up a tent in each courtyard during the Spring Festival to worship the sky. The people who worship the heavens at the same festival site are called "worship groups", and they are generally composed of several people from a family living in the same village. Each family and the group of worshippers of close families have their own names. In the past, the Naxi people's worship group had names such as "Pudu", "Ancient Order", "Therefore In", "Therefore Shang", "Ah Yu" and so on. These groups of worshippers with different names in various places are related to the different clans or tribes of the ancient Naxi people. There are dozens of large groups of worshippers, and there are about a dozen small ones. Among them, Pudu has the largest number and population of worshipping heaven, and the time required for worshipping the sky is the longest, and the rituals are quite complicated. The worship times of different groups of gods come first and later, but they are all held before the 15th day of the first lunar month.

(1) Sacrifice to the heavens

There is a sacrificial field, which is generally a square or rectangular place surrounded by stones in a beautiful place not far from the village, and there is an altar inside. There are also inner and outer fields, and tall evergreen trees are cultivated around it, and the scenery is beautiful, and it can accommodate dozens to one or two hundred people. The suburbs of the city or the center of the dam area without a venue also take turns to set up a tent in each courtyard during the Spring Festival to worship the sky. The people who worship the heavens at the same festival site are called "worship groups", and they are generally composed of several people from a family living in the same village. Each family and the group of worshippers of close families have their own names. In the past, the Naxi people's worship group had "Pudu" and "Ancient Order". "Therefore", "therefore". "Ah Yu" and other names. These groups of worshippers with different names in various places are related to the different clans or tribes of the ancient Naxi people. There are dozens of households in the large group of worshippers. Small dozen or so households. Among them, Pudu has the largest number and population of worshipping heaven, and the time required for worshipping the sky is the longest, and the rituals are quite complicated. The worship times of different groups of gods come first and later, but they are all held before the 15th day of the first lunar month.

(2) Procedures

There is a complex set of procedures for worshipping the heavens, especially taboo "filth", and all members and objects used for sacrifice must pass a strict "defilement ceremony". In order to maintain the purity and sanctity of the Celestial Worship Clan, only the language of the Naxi people can be used in the Celestial Worship Ground. Outsiders are forbidden to enter the shrine, and all new members are added. Newly born babies, newly married daughters-in-law, and newly married sons-in-law must be given gifts to all members before they can be accepted as official members of the Honkai Clan. All utensils for worshipping the heavens are required to be clean and special. For example, a chestnut tree is planted on the left and right sides of the altar (representing the Heavenly Father, Heavenly Mother, and Heaven and Earth), a cypress tree in the middle (representing the human emperor), and two small chestnut trees in the front row (representing Chongren and Lien couples), all of which are cut down by special personnel to the high mountains and rock heads, and they must be placed in a fixed place, and the rice used for the sacrifice to the heavens is called "divine rice". Pick the neat ones. It must be washed and dried several times; The small liters of rice and the bamboo basket containing the rice should be hung in a high place at ordinary times, and they must be washed and cleaned before and after use; The "sacred pig" used to worship the heavens is generally two-headed. There are two families who take turns to feed, to ensure that the big pig is 100 catties and the small pig is 10 catties. Another example. As thick as a teacup, the fragrance of the long zhang. It is necessary to prepare the ingredients in the autumn and prepare them before use. And paste colored paper flower spikes in sections, so that they burn day and night without extinguishing. Other utensils, such as retorts, pots, scales, knives, hooks, forks, basins, chopping boards, etc., belong to the Celestial Sacrifice Group. It is usually kept by the relevant household and is not allowed to be used casually.

Another important part of the Naxi festival's activities is the archery and target shooting ceremony, the villagers gather at the shooting range, the archers must be men, the Dongba priest first recites the oath, and the crowd constantly chants "dang...... Dong" (shooting), the atmosphere is extremely tense and enthusiastic, reflecting the historical tradition of ancient tribal societies to fight with weapons. During the festival period, each village has a swing frame swing, and some villages also dance the yak dance, the lion dance, the white crane dance and the unicorn dance, which is very lively.

(3) Ancient emperors' rituals to worship the sky

Because of "the only designated wine for worshipping the sky", the relevant units have caused a controversy. In the past, the worship of heaven was a very formal activity, and the so-called "major events of the country, in the worship and Rong", the sacrifice was even more important than the use of soldiers. Rulers rely on it to set an example, educate the people, and restrain officials, and when this field is also commercialized, it is no wonder that many people are emotionally unacceptable.

The history of worshipping the heavens has a long history, and it is said that it began with the Yellow Emperor. The ancients attached great importance to the worship of the heavens, taking the Temple of Heaven as an example, which originally covered an area of 2.72 million square meters, which was larger than the Forbidden City (Forbidden City).

According to historical records, the Ming and Qing dynasties sacrificed to the sky on the winter solstice every year, which was one of the most important forms of ancient suburban rituals, and the etiquette was extremely grand and complicated. The brief introduction is as follows:

1. Preparation before the festival

Pre-festival preparations: Every time the festival day comes, a lot of preparation must be carried out, no matter how much manpower and material resources are consumed. For example, the various buildings and facilities in the Temple of Heaven have been comprehensively overhauled. Repair the streets from the Forbidden City to the Temple of Heaven to give them a new look. Five days before the sacrifice, the prince was sent to the sacrifice house to inspect the cattle that had been prepared for slaughter during the sacrifice. Three days ago, the emperor began fasting. Two days ago, I wrote the congratulatory text on the congratulatory board. The day before, the livestock were slaughtered, the sacrifices were made, and the sacrificial vessels of the sacred treasury were arranged; The emperor reads the blessing version, goes to the imperial dome to incense, goes to the mound altar to see the gods, goes to the gods' library to see the beans, the gods cook to see the animals, and then returns to the palace to fast. On the eve of the worship day, Taichang Siqing led his subordinates to arrange the tablets, offerings, and offerings of the gods; Club-ready band furnishings; Finally, a full inspection will be conducted by the waiter of the Ministry of Rites.

2. Sacrificial seat setting

Sacrificial seat setting: The mound altar is specially used to worship the sky, and there is no house built on the platform, and the sacrifice is made to the air, which is called the 'dew sacrifice'. The furnishings of the festival are exquisite, the offerings are abundant, and the rules are strict. There are seven groups of gods in the altar, and each group of gods is made of azure satin to form a temporary shrine. The north side of the upper circle stone is set up on the front of the main seat - the tablet of the emperor god, and its god is in the shape of a polygonal cone. The east and west sides of the second layer of the altar are subordinate - the sun, moon and stars and ** wind and thunder tablets, and the gods are rectangular; In front of the shrine, there are a large number of offerings such as jade, silk, whole cattle, whole sheep, whole pigs, wine, fruits, and dishes. There are more than 700 vessels used for sacrificial offerings and various ritual utensils alone. The south side of the upper circle stone is set up to congratulate the case, and the emperor's worship seat is located in the south of the upper and middle two platforms. On the east and west sides of the south steps of the Yuanqiu altar, there are 16 kinds of chimes, chimes, bells, bells, etc., and more than 60 pieces of musical instruments are composed of Zhonghe Shao music, which are arranged neatly, solemn and magnificent.

3. Sacrifice to the heavens

Sacrifice to the sky: seven minutes before sunrise, as soon as the hour arrives, the palace rings the Taihe bell, the emperor drives to the mound altar, the bell stops, the drum music starts, and the ceremony officially begins. At this time, the southeast of the mound altar burns calves, the southwest hangs the sky lantern, the smoke is misty, and the candle theater is red, giving people a very mysterious feeling.

4. Festival procedures

(1) Welcoming the emperor

Welcoming the Emperor God: After the emperor changed his sacrificial clothes from the southeast side of the Zhaoxiang Gate (South Gate), he entered the mound altar from the left door and went to the middle platform to worship the throne. At this time, the burnt wood stove, welcome the emperor god, and play the 'chapter of the beginning of peace'. The emperor knelt down and bowed in front of the main seat of the Emperor God Tablet of the Emperor Heaven and offered incense, and then went to the ancestors and ancestors to offer incense and bow. Bow back to the throne and bow three times and nine times to the gods.

(2) Lay jade silk

Laying jade silk: The emperor lays jade silk before the main seat and the matching position, and plays the 'Jingping Chapter' and returns to the throne.

(3) Advance

Advance: The emperor went to the main position, matched the position, played the 'Xianping Chapter', and returned to the throne.

(4) The first gift

The first gift: the emperor knelt in front of the throne to offer the knight, returned to the throne, played the 'Fengping Chapter', and danced the 'Dance of Dry Relatives'. Then Si Zhu knelt down to read the blessing, and the music was suspended. After reading the music, the emperor knelt three times and bowed nine times, and went to the matching position to present the knighthood.

(5) Dedication to Asia

Xingya Gift: The emperor presented the knighthood to the gods, played the 'Jiaping Chapter', and danced the 'Dance of the Feathers'. Return to the seat.

(6) End-of-line dedication

Eventual dedication: The emperor presented knighthoods to the gods in turn, and played the 'Yongping Chapter' and 'Feather Dance'. Guanglu Temple Qing blessed the groom, and arched in front of the throne of God. The emperor drank the blessing and received the worship of Zuo, knelt to be blessed, received the Zuo, bowed three times, returned to the throne, and bowed three times and bowed nine times.

(7) Withdrawal

Withdrawal: Play the 'Xiping Chapter'.

(8) Send the emperor god

Send the emperor god: The emperor kneels three times and bows nine times, and plays the 'Qingping Chapter'. The sacrifices were burned in the furnace, and the emperor wanted to burn the throne and play the 'Taiping Chapter'.

(9) Hope

Wangliao: The emperor watched the burning of sacrifices, played the 'Chapter of Youping', drove back to the palace, and the ceremony ended.

5. The precepts of worshipping the heavens

Precepts of Worshipping Heaven: The ceremony of worshipping the heavens is a trick played by the feudal emperor to show the idea of 'divine authority of the monarch' and the divine authority of the 'Son of Heaven'. In order to achieve his goal of preaching divine power and maintaining imperial power, he demanded that those who lost the sacrifice to the Heavenly Matter Decree must not make any mistakes, otherwise they must be severely punished. For example, it is clearly stipulated in the "Great Qing Law": "Every time a sacrifice is made, after the sacrificial vessels are displayed, the imperial historian and the officials of the Taichang Temple are ordered to inspect all over the place, and all the officials who accompany the deacons, if there are those who spit, cough, talk and laugh or make noise in the altar and temple, regardless of the clan, Jueluo, ministers, or officials, they will be named and inscribed." Therefore, all those who accompanied the sacrifice were sincerely terrified and terrified. (To be continued.) )

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