"That's it, it's okay if you read it, just don't spread it casually, otherwise we may both be in trouble. ”

"Yes, the slave knows. Gao Rong said politely.

"You bring the dish in the kitchen to Uncle Lu, and see if he can try to make a plate today." Ling Hao commanded without raising his head.

"Yes. Gao Rong agreed, and immediately went into the kitchen with the plate of fried meat with green peppers and went to the big kitchen in Suidian.

Ling Hao continued to look at the passages of the "Sutra of Plain Women" that Wang Xuanqing had copied, and she must have worked hard for a long time to be able to hand over the copied documents to him in such a short time......

At this time, Ling Hao didn't want to waste time, so while there was still time, it was better to take advantage of the time to put the transcription document sent by Wang Xuanqing into place by printing.

Printing is one of the four great inventions of the working people in ancient China. Engraving printing was invented in the Tang Dynasty and was widely used in the mid-to-late Tang Dynasty. Although during the time of Song Renzong, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing.

However, although movable type printing appeared in the Song Dynasty, it was not widely used, but still used it universally.

Printing is the forerunner of modern human civilization and has created conditions for the wide dissemination and exchange of knowledge. Printing was spread to Korea, Japan, Central Asia, West Asia and Europe.

Before the invention of printing, culture was mainly transmitted by hand-copied books. Hand-copying is time-consuming, troublesome, and easy to copy mistakes and omissions, which not only hinders the development of culture, but also brings undue losses to the spread of culture. Seals and stone carvings provided direct empirical inspiration to printing, and the method of using paper to ink on stone tablets directly pointed out the direction for engraving printing. China's printing technology has gone through two stages of development of engraving printing and movable type printing, which has presented a generous gift to the development of mankind. Printing is characterized by convenience, flexibility, time-saving and labor-saving, which is a major breakthrough in ancient printing.

China's printing technology naturally has a long history and spreads far-reaching. It is an important component of Chinese culture, which sprouts with the birth of Chinese culture and evolves with the development of Chinese culture. If we count from its source, it has gone through four historical periods of source, ancient, modern and contemporary, with a development process of more than 5,000 years. In the early days, in order to record events and disseminate experience and knowledge, the Chinese people created early written symbols and sought a medium to record these characters. Due to the limitations of the means of production at that time, people could only use natural objects to record written symbols. For example, words are engraved and written on natural materials such as rock walls, leaves, animal bones, stones, and tree bark. Because of the high cost of written materials, only brief descriptions of important events can be made. Most people's experience can only be transmitted orally, which has a serious impact on social and cultural development.

In the beginning, printing was just something that was used to express one's name, and that was the seal.

Seals existed in the pre-Qin period, but they generally only have a few characters, indicating a name, official position or institution. The inscriptions are all engraved in anti-body, and there is a difference between yin and yang. Before the advent of paper, official documents or letters were written on slips, and after they were written, they were tied with ropes, and sticky mud was placed at the ligation place to seal the knot, and the seal was stamped on the mud, which was called a mud seal, and the mud seal was printed on the mud, which was a means of secrecy at that time. After the advent of paper, clay seals evolved into paper seals, stamped at the seams of several sheets of paper or at the closures of briefcase bags. It is recorded that during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550~577 AD), someone made the seal used for official paper printing very large, much like a small engraving plate.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the famous alchemist Ge Hong (284~363 AD) mentioned in his book "Hug Puzi" that Taoism had already used a large wooden seal with 120 characters in a four-inch square (13.5×13.5). This is already a small engraving.

Buddhists were also inspired by this, and in order to make the sutras more vivid, they often printed the Buddha image on the frontispiece of the sutra, which is much easier to hand paint than hand-painted.

This was followed by the emergence of stele rubbing technology, which was found to be very enlightening for the invention of engraving printing technology. The invention of carved stone has a very early history. In the early Tang Dynasty, ten stone drums were found in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, which were stone carvings of the Qin State in the Spring and Autumn Period of the 8th century BC. Qin Shi Huang went out on patrol and carved stones in important places 7 times. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, stone tablets prevailed.

In the fourth year of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty (175 AD), Cai Yong suggested that the imperial court should set up seven Confucian classics in front of Taixuemen, such as "Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Zhou Yi", "Book of Rites", "Spring and Autumn", "Ram Biography", "Analects", etc., a total of 209,000 words, engraved on 46 stone tablets, each tablet is 175 high, 90 wide, 20 cm thick, 5000 words, and the front and back of the tablet are engraved. It took 8 years to carve all of them. It became a classic for the readers of the time. A lot of people rushed to copy it. Later, especially during the Wei and Jin dynasties, some people took advantage of the lax or unsupervised scriptures to rub the scriptures on paper for their own use or sale. The result is that it has become widely circulated.

Rubbing is also one of the important conditions that printing technology can produce. The ancients found that a slightly moist paper was covered on the stele, and the paper was lightly beaten with a soft mallet to make the paper sink into the recess of the text on the stele, and then wrapped in cotton with a cloth after the paper was dry, dipped in ink, and gently patted on the paper, the paper would leave the same handwriting as the stele with black and white characters. This method is simpler and more reliable than handcopying. And so rubbing came in.

Printing and dyeing technology also has a great enlightenment effect on engraving printing, printing and dyeing is to carve patterns on wooden boards, and print them on cloth with dyes. There are two kinds of printed plates in China: embossed plates and hollow plates. In the later generations, the two pieces of printed yarn unearthed from the No. 1 Han Tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province (around 165 BC) were printed with embossed plates. This technique may have predated the Qin and Han dynasties, and dates back to the Warring States period.

After the invention of paper, this technology may be used exclusively for printing, as long as the cloth is changed into paper, the dye is changed into ink, and the printed thing becomes engraving print. In the Dunhuang stone room, there are Buddha statues printed on convex plates and hollow plates in the Tang Dynasty. Seal, rubbing, printing and dyeing technology inspire each other and integrate with each other, coupled with the experience and wisdom of the Chinese people, engraving printing technology came into being.

It was not until the Tang Dynasty (around the 7th century) that engraving printing was invented, and it was widely used in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. In the early days, printing activities were mainly carried out among the people, and they were mostly used to print Buddha statues, mantras, vows, and almanacs. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang used Huifeng paper to print the statue of Fuxian and gave it to monks and nuns. Latest

By the Northern Song Dynasty (around the 11th century), Bi Sheng invented movable type printing, but it was not widely used, but still widely used.

And Ling Hao can't find other quick uses now, so he can only find a way to restore this engraving printing technology to improve his work efficiency.

The process of engraving printing is roughly like this: after the manuscript is written, the side with the word is pasted on the board, and the engraving can be engraved, and the engraver uses different forms of carving knives to carve the reverse character ink on the woodblock into a raised yang text, and at the same time the remaining blank part on the woodblock is removed to make it concave. The characters engraved on the board surface are about 1~2 mm on the convex surface.

Then rinse the carved board with hot water, wash off the sawdust, etc., and the engraving process is completed. When printing, use a cylindrical flat bottom brush dipped in ink, evenly brush on the board surface, and then carefully cover the paper on the board surface, gently brush the paper with a brush, and the positive image of the text or picture will be printed on the paper. The paper is lifted from the printing plate, dried, and the printing process is complete. A printer can print 1500~2000 sheets a day, and a printing plate can be printed 10,000 times in a row.

The process of stereotyping is a bit like the process of carving a seal, except that there are more words engraved than a seal.

The process of the intermediate seal is the opposite of the seal. The seal is printed on the top and the paper on the bottom. The process of engraving printing is a bit like rubbing, but the words on the engraving are the reverse characters of Yang, and the words of the general stele are the orthography of Yin. In addition, the rubbing ink is applied to the paper, and the engraving printing ink is applied to the plate. It can be seen that engraving printing not only inherits the technology of seal, rubbing, printing and dyeing, but also has innovative technology.

Engraving printing was invented in the Tang Dynasty and was widely used in the mid-to-late Tang Dynasty.

In the early twentieth century, a beautifully printed "Diamond Sutra" was found in the Thousand Buddha Caves in Dunhuang, with the words "April 15, the ninth year of Xiantong (868 AD)" at the end

It is currently the world's earliest printed material with a clear date. Engraving prints may have started to be popular only among the people, and there was a period when they coexisted with manuscripts.

In 824, Yuan Zhi wrote a preface to Bai Juyi's poetry collection, saying: "In the past twenty years, there have been books on the walls of forbidden provinces, temples, and postal posts, and all the mouths of princes, concubines, cow boys, and horses. As for the writing of molds, they are sold in the market, or they are sold in the market, or they are sold in the wine and tea, and they are everywhere. "The mold is the mold, and the wine and tea are to take the white poem print to exchange the tea and wine. It can be seen that by the beginning of the ninth century, the application of printing had expanded from Buddhist mantras to poetry that the people liked to read.

Around 835, the local people in Sichuan and northern Jiangsu used to "print the calendar with plates" and sell them in the market. At that time, some people said that the almanac printed by the people "has filled the world", but it can be seen that it is not only printed in Sichuan and Jiangsu. In 883, Chengdu bookstores can see some books of "Yin and Yang Miscellaneous Records Occupy the Nine Palaces and Five Latitudes of the Dream Mansion", as well as "Character Book Primary School", and "Rate All Engraving and Printing Paper...... In the first 200 years after the invention of printing, it was an important medium for the popularization of culture among the people.

In the Song Dynasty, engraving printing had developed to its heyday, and there were many prints. The better engraving materials are mostly pear wood and jujube wood.

Therefore, for books that are worthless in engraving, there is also an idiom of "disaster and pear dates" to satirize, which means that pears and jujube trees have been wasted in vain. It can be seen that books were all the rage at that time.

Engraving printing began with monochrome printing, but in the fifth dynasty, some people used pens to add different colors to the outline of illustration ink printing to increase the visual effect. Tianjin Yangliuqing prints are still produced in this way. Several different pigments are printed on paper at the same time on different parts of a board to produce color sheets, which is called "single-page multicolor printing method". In this way, the Song Dynasty printed "huizi" (paper money issued at that time).

Single-version multicolor printing pigments are easy to mix and penetrate, and the color blocks are clearly demarcated, which makes them appear dull. In the actual exploration, people have discovered the method of coloring and printing in batches, which is to use several printing plates of the same size to load different pigments respectively, and then print them on the same sheet of paper in batches, this method is called "multi-page multi-color printing" and also known as "overplate printing". The invention of "multi-page multi-color printing" will not be later than the Yuan Dynasty, when the "Diamond Sutra Notes" engraved on Zhongxing Road (now Jiangling County, Hubei) was overprinted in vermilion and ink, which is the earliest existing color printing. Multi-edition multi-color printing was greatly developed in the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Nanjing and Beijing were the centers of engraving. The Ming Dynasty set up a warp factory, Yongle's northern Tibet, and the orthodox Taoist collection were all stereotyped by the warp factory. The Qing Dynasty Yingwu Palace and Yongzheng's Dragon Collection are both stereotyped in Beijing. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Nanzang and many official engraved books were engraved in Nanjing. After Jiajing, by the middle of the 16th century, Nanjing became a center for color overprinting.

It's just that there is a big technical problem at present, although Ling Hao does not lack the energy he is currently in, but ...... The paper he had developed was not of good quality, and it was likely that the printed document would not be as good as expected.

After all, in the third century A.D., the technology that gradually matured after hundreds of thousands of years was indeed very abrupt and too advanced......

Therefore, Ling Hao had to streamline the text and was lazy.

He began to write the simplified characters he was familiar with, speaking of which, this was the text he was most familiar with, but at present, in this world, he and Ji Qing could probably understand the meaning of writing, and it might be a little troublesome when it was transmitted back to the Ling Mansion......

Therefore, I have to work a little harder and send it out with a translation.