In this "Chen Qing Table", Ling Hao cited a variety of reasons why the system of three princes and nine secretaries was not applicable to the current Qin state, and introduced a more novel and strict system in the article - the system of three provinces and six ministries.

  The three-province and six-ministry system is a set of well-organized central bureaucracy in the ancient feudal society of China. It began with the Sui Dynasty five provinces and six Cao system, established in the Tang Dynasty, and then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the six-part system was basically unchanged. The three provinces refer to Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province, and Shangshu Province, and the six departments refer to the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Punishment, and the Ministry of Industry under Shangshu Province. Each ministry has four divisions, making a total of 24 divisions.

  In the process of development, the organizational form and power evolved, and it was not until the Sui Dynasty that it was neatly organized into three provinces and six ministries, which were mainly responsible for the formulation, review and implementation of central decrees and policies. Rulers of different periods made some adjustments and additions that were conducive to strengthening the absolute monarchy.

  Shangshu Province was formed during the Eastern Han Dynasty (then known as Shangshutai), while Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province were formed during the Three Kingdoms period to divide and limit the power of Shangshu Province.

  In the process of this development, the organizational forms and powers evolved, and it was not until the Sui Dynasty that they were organized into three provinces and six ministries, which were mainly responsible for the formulation, review, and implementation of central decrees and policies.

  Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty placed the "Four Cao Shangshu", that is, the regular servant Cao, the two thousand stone Cao, the people Cao, and the guest Cao Shangshu. Since then, the six books of the world have been abused. Song Zhengqiao's "Tongzhi Zhiguan Strategy" III "General Preface to Shangshu": "Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty initially set up five Shangshu, one of whom was a servant, and the four were divided into four Cao. Chang Shi Cao, the Lord Gongqing, 2,000 Shi Cao, the Lord County 2,000 Shi, Min Cao, the Lord Fan Officials and the People Shangshu, Ke Cao, the Lord Foreign Yidi. ”

  Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty Liu Xiu set up six Cao Shangshu, including Sangong Cao, Officials Cao, Min Cao, Ke Cao, Erqian Shi Cao, and Zhongdu Guan Cao, in Shangshutai, which were the predecessors of the six departments. In the Western Jin Dynasty, there were officials, palaces, five soldiers, Tian Cao, Du Zhi, Zuo Min and six Cao, which belonged to Shangshu Province.

  In 1086, the Northern Song Dynasty rebelled against the law, and changed it to the three provinces to discuss together, and the three provinces were divided into provinces. In 1129 A.D. in the Southern Song Dynasty, the three provinces were united, and the twenty-four divisions were also sometimes merged with the provinces, such as in 1129, the Ministry of Rites and the main guest, the ancestral hall and the food department, the part-time party of the military department, the driving department and the treasury department, the Ministry of Comparison and the division, the Ministry of Industry and the Yu Department, the Tuntian and the Ministry of Agriculture, etc., and also the province and a number of temples were supervised into the six departments. In 1163 A.D., the province further merged six subordinate divisions, such as the division of the seal and the secretary, the rite department and the ancestral department, the military department and the driving department, the capital official and the department, the ministry of industry and tuntian, etc.

  In the southern official system of the Liao Dynasty, there were three provinces and six departments (among them, the "Zhongshu Province" was originally named "the Ministry of Political Affairs"), and the officials were the same as the Song system. Jin, Yuan, and Ming only had one province and six departments, one province, Jin was Shangshu Province, and Yuan and Ming were Zhongshu Province. In 1380, the Ming Dynasty dismissed the Zhongshu Province, and the power of the Zhongshu Province was vested in the six departments. So far, the six-ministry system has replaced the three-province six-ministry system.

  During the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui, three divisions, three dukes, and five provinces (Shangshu, Menxia, Neishi, Secretaries and Inner Servants) were set up in the central government. The Third Division and the Third Duke are just a kind of honorary titles. Among the five provinces, only the three provinces of Shangshu, Menxia, and Neishi are the real central authorities (the secretary province is in charge of books and classics, and the position is lighter; the internal service province is in charge of serving the palace and entrusts eunuchs). Each of the three provinces has a clear division of labor.

  Zhongshu Province, signed by ancient officials. Wei Caopi was established as an agency in charge of confidential information and issuing government decrees. Along to the Sui and Tang dynasties, it became the center of national government affairs. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, it was called "Inner History Province", and later changed to "Zhongshu Province". In the Song Dynasty, Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province were merged into one institution, "Zhongshu Menxia", which held administrative power, and the chief was "Tongping Zhangshi", that is, the prime minister, and the Privy Council in charge of military power was called "Erfu".

  In the Yuan Dynasty, the Governor General of Zhongshu Province was in charge of the three powers: government, military and supervision. The two provinces of Menxia and Shangshu were abolished, so the province of Zhongshu was particularly important compared with the previous generation. The local administration is in the hands of the "Xingzhongshu Province", that is, the "Xingzhongshu Province", which is dispatched by the Zhongshu Province. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Hongwu abolished the prime minister and Zhongshu Province in the thirteenth year, and the emperor directly led the six departments. Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty set up a cabinet, and the confidential tasks began to belong to the "cabinet". Responsible for drafting the edict, after Ming Xuanzong, he had the "right to vote" for the draft chapter.

  Shangshu Province is a bureaucracy.

  It was named after the Southern Song Dynasty and was formerly known as "Shangshutai". It was developed from Shangshu, the secretarial organ of the emperor of the Han Dynasty. It is the highest government decree body of the central government from the Wei, Jin and Song dynasties, and is one of the highest power organs of the central government. The organizational structure of the "Shangshu Province" was finalized in the Sui Dynasty. Take the Tang Dynasty system as an example: there are six departments, including the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Crime, the Ministry of Households, and the Ministry of Industry, and there are 24 divisions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Officials and the Lord. The six Shangshu are all named after the "department" where they are located, while the Lang official is named after the "division" where they are located. Responsible for the execution of the edict.

  The governors of the three provinces, Shizhong, Zhongshuling, and Shangshuling, were equivalent to the prime ministers of the Qin and Han dynasties. Shangshu Province is the highest administrative organ of the state. It consists of six departments: officials, rites, soldiers, degree branches (later changed to households), capital officials (later changed to punishments) and workers, and handles various affairs with temples and Taiwan. Each ministry has a secretary as the supreme officer, who is in charge of the administrative affairs of the department.

  The six departments are the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Punishment, and the Ministry of Industry.

  Ministry of Officials: Ancient Shenzhou Bureau. The Ministry of Officials is in charge of the appointment and dismissal, examination, promotion, and transfer of officials throughout the country. There are four divisions: the Ming and Qing dynasties are the Wenxuan Qing Officials Division, the Seal Inspection Division, the Auditing Division and the Examination Division. The chief of the division is Langzhong, and the deputy chief is the outer officer, and his subordinate officials have the principal, the history of the order, the history of the book, etc. The Department of Selecting Officials is in charge of examining the grade of the clerical and listing, awarding, selecting, promoting, and handling monthly selection. The sealing department is in charge of the affairs of knighthood, secular office, grace, difficulty, invitation, and donation. The Department of Auditing and Honors is in charge of civil servants' system, lifelong maintenance, and handling the succession, naturalization, and reinstatement of officials. The Examination Department is in charge of the division and discussion of civil officials, and handles the Beijing inspection and general plans.

  Household Department: The ancient official of Shenzhou signed the name, which is the organ in charge of household registration and finance, one of the six departments, the chief is the household department Shangshu, who was once called the local official, the great Situ, the prime minister, the big Si Nong, etc. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the household department was in charge of the territory, land, household registration, taxation, salaries and all financial matters of the country. Its internal handling of government affairs is divided into divisions according to the regional division of labor. In addition to being in charge of the money and food saved, each department is also in charge of some of the general affairs of other yamen, and their responsibilities are often overlapping.

  Ministry of Rites: One of the ancient official offices of Shenzhou. The north and south are facing the north and the north are set up. The Sui and Tang dynasties were one of the six. Passed through the ages. The prefect is the secretary of the Ministry of Rites. It is used for the five ceremonies of Kaoji, Jia, Military, Guest, and Murderer, and manages the affairs of the national schools, the imperial examinations, and the affairs of the vassals and foreign countries. There are four divisions under the Ministry of Rites, all of which are in the Ming and Qing dynasties: the Department of Ceremonial Officials, in charge of the Jiali, military rites, and the management of academic affairs and imperial examinations; the Department of Ancestral Rites and Officials, in charge of auspicious rites and fierce ceremonies; the Department of Host and Guest Officials, in charge of the affairs of guest ceremonies and reception of foreign guests; and the Department of Fine Dining and Cleaning Officials, which is in charge of the affairs of feasts and sacrifices.

  Ministry of War: Signed by the Shenzhou official. Sui Shizhi, one of the six departments, was in charge of the selection of military attachés and military registration, ordnance, military orders, etc. Originated from the Five Soldiers of the Three Kingdoms and Wei. Cao Wei began to place five soldiers (Chinese, foreign, cavalry, other and capital) Shangshu, and there were also relevant military driving departments, car departments, treasury departments and other Cao . Each Cao Shilang. The Sui Dynasty was combined into the military department, with Shangshu as the main officer and Shilang as the deputy official. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the successive dynasties have been inherited, and the functions and powers are different. The military departments of the Song, Liao, Jin, and Yuan did not have jurisdiction over military administration. The Ming Dynasty military department is still called "this soldier", the most important power, all the military guards and military selection and concise, are their palms. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1906), the Ministry of War was abolished and the Ministry of War was reorganized.

  Criminal Department: Ancient Shenzhou Bureau. The body in charge of the national penal decree and the review of criminal names. Emperor Wen of Sui established a six-part system, at the beginning of the northern Qi Dynasty, the capital official was placed in the north, the chief official was Shangshu, and the second official, Emperor Yang was designated as the squire. Later generations are in charge of the legal prison with the Criminal Department, which is parallel to the Dali Temple of the Supreme Court. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Criminal Department, as the agency in charge of the national criminal punishment decree and the examination of criminal names, was in charge of the final trial and review of major cases by the Inspectorate and the Dali Temple. The specific duties of the Criminal Department are: to examine and approve various laws, to review criminal cases sent to the Ministry in various localities, to hear death penalty cases "pending in prison" in conjunction with Jiuqing, and to directly try cases in Gyeonggi Prefecture and above.

  Ministry of Industry: Signed by the central bureaucracy in the feudal era of Shenzhou, it is the organ in charge of construction projects, one of the six departments, and the chief is the Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry, which was once called Dongguan and Dasikong. The Ministry of Industry originated from the winter officials in the official system of the Zhou Dynasty, and Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty placed five Shangshu, three of whom were called Mincao. In the Later Han Dynasty, the people and Cao were also the main repairs, meritorious works, salt ponds, and gardens. After the Western Jin Dynasty, Cao Zhangtuntian was placed in the field, and there was a ministry in charge of the project, and the water department was in charge of navigation and water conservancy. Later, according to "Zhou Guan", the winter official mansion was placed, and the chief official was the chief secretary. In the second year of the opening of the Sui Dynasty, the Ministry of Industry was set up to be in charge of various projects, craftsmen, tuntian, and water conservancy.

  In the beginning, the six departments were called Liucao, that is, six offices. The prefect of the six departments is Shangshu. The establishment of the six ministries became a fixed system of the central power of the feudal state in later generations......

  Although Ling Hao doesn't expect everyone to be able to respect this system, it is better that someone is willing to come out and express their support for the reform, otherwise...... It doesn't hurt to think of this article as waste paper.

  Fortunately, this above table still attracted the attention of some people, such as Shang Li's father Shang Xin, and his own cheap father, they quickly saw that this new system was more rigorous than the Three Princes and Nine Secretaries system, and could better make the war machine of the Qin State run precisely, in addition, some courtiers also saw the feasibility of this system, and they wrote to express their willingness to support the reform.

  But the reform of the political system is not so easy, not to mention that the system of three princes and nine secretaries has been applied in the Qin State for so many years, and I am afraid that it will not be able to set off any big storms for a while, because this will touch the interests of some people, such as the old aristocratic group headed by the Miao family, they will definitely not agree to the reform so easily, once the reform is completed, it is difficult to say whether the Miao family can enter the center of power like it is now......

  Ling Hao naturally predicted this situation, so he also gave some strategies for strengthening the country and the army, there is no need to rush the restructuring, but the new strategy of improving people's livelihood and strengthening the strength of the army, as long as they are not stupid, they should be able to see the feasibility of this......

  "Okay, give it to me. Ling Hao nodded, took the large scroll of bamboo slips in Gao Rong's hand, and when he saw the three big characters in the opening chapter, he immediately understood it, and then said to Gao Rong: "Have you ever read this scroll, Rong'er?"

  "I haven't read it yet, but Madame says that this is a scroll that is not suitable for children, and it can only be read when the son copies it alone. Gao Rong said with a slight hesitation.

  She had actually seen it, but she didn't expect the content to be so bold......