Mr. Fan Yuanlian (2) is admired by many young people today; Everyone has their own opinions, and of course I can't deduce the reasons for them. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info but what I personally admire is that in the last years of Guangxu in the current Qing Dynasty, he first invented the "Accelerated Teacher". An academic subject that can be achieved quickly, and the obsessive gentlemen may find it bizarre; As everyone knows, there was an "education shortage" in China at that time, so this was an emergency relief. Half a year later, there were many teachers who returned from studying in Japan, and there were still various educational isms, such as military nationalism and the doctrine of respecting the king (3). In women's education, it was the most fashionable at that time, and what I often heard was the doctrine of good mothers and good wives.

I don't necessarily think that this doctrine is wrong, and no one wants a foolish mother and a bad wife. However, there are now a few people who are in a hurry, but they think that women are not exclusively family things, so they attack the fallacy that China still pays back old Japanese articles to educate their own women. It is really easy for people to be deceived by the false rumors they are accustomed to hearing, for example, it has been said recently that whoever is a traitor is a traitor and who is only for the sake of his descendants. And so many people say the same. In fact, if you can really sell the country, you should get some greater profits, and if you really think about your children and grandchildren, you can be considered more conscientious; The so-called people now are probably just sending away the country, and they don't think of their children and grandchildren. This kind of good mother and good wife is no exception, although the rapid progressives are sick, but in fact there is no such thing; All of them are nothing more than "widowism".

The word "widow" should be interpreted in terms of pure Chinese thought, and cannot be compared with those attached to Europe, the United States, India, or Arab; If it is to be translated into foreign languages, it must not be translated by paraphrasing or divine translation, but can only be transliterated: Kuofuism.

I didn't know how to do it before I was born, but after I was born, Confucianism was already quite "miscellaneous": "according to the mother's order to make a dojo" (4), "Shinto teaching" (5), admired "Wenchang Emperor Gongqu" (6), and I still remember that "Merit and Qualification" is a great punishment for those who "talk about people's boudoirs". I didn't know what to do before I went out of the house, and there were no girls' schools in China, but since I got involved in society, there were girls' schools in China, but I often heard people talking about female students, and it was usually a bad thing. Sometimes it is too false, but if you point out its contradictions, it will be very displeasing to the ears, and hatred is simply "if you kill your father and brother" (7). This kind of speech and action may naturally be in line with "Confucianism" (8), because the holy way is broad and all-encompassing; Or maybe it's just a subsection, it doesn't matter.

I have also briefly guessed the origin of these rumors: the old gentleman who counter-reforms, the fantasist who smells of eromania, the celebrity who creates rumors, the news interviewers and reporters who have no common sense or other role, the principal and high teacher who are driven away by the students, the educator who seeks to be the principal, and the dog who barks after a dog (9) ....... More recently, however, there has been a different kind of "widow" or "widow-to-be" headmaster and wardenmaster (10).

The term "widow" here refers to the death of her husband; The so-called "quasi-widow" refers to a person who has been separated from her husband and has no choice but to embrace celibacy.

It is only recent for Chinese women to serve in society, but the family system has not been reformed, and the housework is still complicated, and once married, it is difficult to do other things. As a result, in China, education is still mostly the only thing that is, especially for women, and most of them fall into the hands of the celibate mentioned above. Previously, this was occupied by Mr. Daoxue, and then failed with a notoriety of stubbornness and ignorance, and they took their place with good signs such as having received a new education, having studied abroad, and being women. In society, because they are not related to any man, and because they have no children to tie into, they can concentrate on sacred causes, so they freely trust them. But from then on, the disaster of the young woman was far greater than that of the past under Mr. Daoxue.

Even if it is a good mother and wife, even if it is an oriental style, it cannot be said that there can be no love for a husband and children. Although love is a natural thing, it is not developed if it is not quite stabbed and used. For example, a person who sits still understands very well when he compares his own with that of a blacksmith porter. In women, it is only when they have a husband, a lover, and children that true love awakens; Otherwise, it will be hidden, or it will wither, or even pervert. Therefore, entrusting a single person to make a good mother and wife is simply asking a blind man to ride a blind horse on the road, not to mention whether it can be suitable for the new trend of modern times. Naturally, there are no special celibate women in the world, such as the famous mathematician Sophie Kowalewsky (11) in the past, and the current thinker Ellen Key (12); But it was a change of desire, a thought that had been cleared. However, when the Academy honored Kowalewsky's academic honor with a prize money, her letter to a friend reads: "I have received congratulatory letters from all sides. The strange ridicule of fate, I have never felt such misfortune. ”

As for those who live celibate because they have no choice but to do so, both men and women, their spirits are often inevitably changing, and most of them have a stubborn, suspicious, and insidious nature. The priests of the European Middle Ages, the maidens of the imperial palace before the Japanese Restoration, and the eunuchs of the Chinese dynasties, were many times more ruthless and dangerous than ordinary people. The same is true of other celibates, whose life is not in accordance with nature, and their hearts change greatly, and they feel that everything in the world is boring and the characters are hateful, and when they see some innocent and happy people, they become hateful. Especially because of the suppression of sexual desire, it is sensitive and suspicious to other people's sexual events; Envy, and therefore jealousy. In fact, this is also an inevitable thing: forced by society, on the surface it is impossible not to pretend to be pure, but in the heart finally can not escape the grip of the power of instinct, and involuntarily stupidly feel a sense of regret.

However, students are young people, as long as they are not born under the rule of a child daughter-in-law or stepmother, most of them are not deeply involved in the world, and they feel that everything is bright, and their thoughts, words and deeds are the opposite of this generation. If this generation could recall their youth, they would have understood. But there are many foolish women in the world, and these things can be thought of there; has always used the eyes she has cultivated for many years to observe everything: when she sees a letter, she suspects that it is a love letter; When I heard a laugh, I thought it was a spring; As long as a man visits, he is a lover; Why go to the park, it should always be a secret appointment. When students oppose it, it goes without saying that this strategy is used exclusively, even in normal times. In addition, China is a place where rumors are produced, and "righteous men and gentlemen" often use these rumors as talking points to expand their influence and regard self-created rumors as treasures, not to mention that they really come from the mouths of school authorities, so they will naturally spread more valuable.

I think that in the old country, the old and many young people seem to be far away in thought, words and deeds, and if you look at them from the same perspective, the result is often wrong. For example, there are many bad things in China, each with its own name, and there are many aliases and hidden words about it in books. When I was editing the weekly, I received manuscripts that directly violated these aliases and cryptography; In me, I have always avoided it. But on closer examination, the author really knows nothing, so he also writes calmly; The blame is that there are too many aliases for bad things in China, and I know too much, have doubts and avoid taboos. Looking at these young people, it seems that China's future is still bright; But looking at the so-called bachelor's doctor, it can't help but be infuriating. Their articles may be quaint, but how many people are really clean inside. That is, in the words of this year's scholars, Zhang Shizhao's submission (13) includes "absurdity over leisure is untaboo", "the mechanism of the connection between the sexes is restricted", "the body forgets its form without being censored", and "those who wish to be mourned are guarded...... It can be described as the ultimate obscenity. But in fact, the insulted young students do not understand; Even if I seem to understand, it is probably not as deep as the deep understanding of the author's intentions of some ancient writers who have read some ancient texts.

Let's get down to business. Because people can think and disagree in such ways according to their circumstances, it is impossible for a proper youth to live in a school run by a widow or a widow-to-be. Young people should be innocent, not as gloomy as they are, but they think they have fallen into evil; Young people should be vigorous and dare to act, but they think that they are not restless in their duties: they are all guilty. Only when they are very suitable for them, to put it mildly, is extremely "tactful", and they are used as teachers, so that their eyes are dull, their facial muscles are fixed, and they walk with bated breath in the gloomy family formed by school, can they perfunctory until graduation; Receive a piece of paper to prove that after being cultivated here for many years, he has lost his true face of youth and has become a spiritual "widow" (14), and from then on he will go to the society to preach this sermon.

Although it is China, there are naturally some opportunities for emancipation, and although it is Chinese women, there are naturally some self-reliant tendencies; What is terrible is that after being fortunate enough to be self-reliant, she turns to abuse those who have not yet become self-reliant, just like a child daughter-in-law who becomes a mother-in-law, she is as vicious as her evil aunt. I am not saying that all single women in the field of education must be matched with a man, but I want them to open their minds and think about it more farther; On the other hand, I hope that educators will be mindful of the fact that this is a big problem in women's education, and save it, because I know that any educator would never say that education is ineffective. After that, the number of such celibates will gradually increase in China, and if there is no good law to remedy it, the momentum of widow education will gradually increase, and many women will lose their lively youth and cannot be resurrected under that cold and dangerous cultivation. Educated women in the country, whether married or unmarried, married or not, have a heart like an ancient well, and a face like frost, naturally it is strange to be good-looking, but in the end it is too different to live like a real person; For the sake of his personal maid, his own daughter, it is still a second thing.

I don't study education, but this year, I felt this harm deeply because of an opportunity, so I took the opportunity of the "Women's Weekly" (15) to express my feelings.

November 23, 1925. ======================================

This article was originally published in the anniversary issue of Women's Weekly, a supplement to Beijing Daily News on December 20, 1925.

(2) Fan Yuanlian (1874-1934) was born in Xiangyin, Hunan. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he established the Accelerated Law and Politics and Normal Departments in Japan, and after the Republic of China, he served as the Minister of Internal Affairs, the Minister of Education, and the President of Beijing Normal University of the Beiyang Government. In the spring of 1925, due to the lack of funds of the Normal University, he resigned as president, and the student union of the university launched a campaign to retain him. The author here refers to the fact that he is "admired by many young people now."

(3) Militarism is also called militarism. It advocates the expansion of armaments, so that domestic politics, economy, culture, and education serve the military objectives of foreign expansion; From the time of the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese bourgeoisie and feudal forces worked together to promote militaristic education. In the Spring and Autumn Period of our country, the doctrine of respecting the king and rejecting the king was called the support of the Zhou royal family and the exclusion of foreign races. After it was introduced to Japan, it became a feudal reformist ideology: honoring the king, that is, supporting a centralized government headed by the emperor and weakening the power of the shogunate; Resisting foreign aggression. However, it was later transformed into internal autocracy and external aggression, which became one of the characteristics of Japanese imperialism. The doctrine of good motherhood and good wife, which follows, was a bourgeois idea of women's education that was popular in Japan and other countries at that time.

(4) "According to the mother's order, the right to be a dojo" in the Qing Dynasty Liang Zhangju's "Yinglian Conghua" volume 1: "Mr. Lu Jiashu from the Temple of Literature, the first discussion, or Mr. Zeng Yan monk in the family satirical recitation. His descendants came out of Mr. Hand's Book Hall and Yilianyun: 'Reading Confucianism is not Buddhism, and obeying the mother's order to be a dojo'. It is agreed. The author quotes this sentence to refer to the Taoists of the time who were also Buddhists.

(5) "Shintoism" is a method used by the feudal ruling class to deceive the people by superstition. See Zhou Yi. Guan Hexagram": "The saint teaches with Shinto, and the world obeys." When Zhang Shizhao was the chief of education of Duan Qirui's government, he thought that this practice was also justified, and he said in the article "Re-disarming Che Junyi" in the "Jiayin" weekly, Vol. 1, No. 17 (November 7, 1925): "Therefore, Shinto religion is a last resort. ”

(6) According to superstitious legends, Zhang Ya, a native of Zitong, Sichuan, became a god after his death and was in charge of the world's fame and fame, and was called "Emperor Wenchang". "Merit and Meritorious Qualifications" is a kind of so-called persuasion book that propagates feudal morality and has a strong superstitious nature. It divides people's words into ten categories, distinguishing between good and evil, and setting a certain number of merits and demerits, asking people to record their merits and demerits day by day according to their own words and deeds, and using this method to persuade people to do good in order to accumulate the so-called "yin virtue". There is such an article in the "respectful" category of "Meritorious Qualifications": "Talking about people's boudoirs is fifty times." ”

(7) For the phrase "if he kills his father and brother", see Mencius. King Liang Hui.

(8) "Confucianism" is the moral behavior of the Confucian ideal. The Book of Rites includes the chapter "Confucianism", which records in detail Confucius's remarks in response to Lu Aigong's question about the moral behavior of Confucianism.

(9) Yi dog is the dog in the township. Chu Ci. Chapter 9. Thoughts": "The group of dogs barks, and the barking is strange." The phrase "following a large group of barking dogs" here refers to blind obedient people who do not distinguish between right and wrong.

(10) The "widow" or "quasi-widow" principal and dormitory supervisor here refer to Yang Yinyu, the president of Beijing Women's Normal University at that time, and Qin Zhuping, the dormitory supervisor. The Warden was the staff member of the school who managed the life of the boarding students at that time.

(11) Sophie Kowalewsky Sophia. Kovalevskaya (1850 - Pauldam Prize of the Academy of Sciences in Paris. She has also written the play "The Struggle for Happiness" and the novel "The Female Nihilist".

(12) EllenKey Allen. Kay (1849-1926) was a Swedish thinker and feminist activist. He is the author of "Children's Century", "Love and Ethics", etc.

(13) Zhang Shizhao's submission refers to Zhang Shizhao's "Submission on the Suspension of Beijing Women's Normal University". The author's quotations are all insulting words from the submission. Blasphemy, that is, the meaning of frivolous play. See Hanshu. The Legend of the Vehicle: "Blasphemy and Honor." ”

(14) "Before the word is widowed" means that when the marriage is not promised, the mood is already the same as that of a widow. In the old days, a woman's marriage was called "word".

(15) "Women's Weekly" was one of the supplements of Beijing Daily in Beijing at that time. Editor of the Rose Club of Beijing Women's Normal University. It was first published on December 10, 1924, and a total of 50 issues were published until November 25, 1925. (To be continued.) If you like this work, you are welcome to come to the starting point (qidian.com) to vote for recommendation, monthly pass, your support, is my biggest motivation. (To be continued.) )