The elders often say: The ancients were purer than today, had a good heart, and lived a long life. I had some belief in www.biquge.info before, but now this faith has been shaken. The Dalai Lama should always be better than ordinary people, although "unfortunately short-lived", (2) but the Guangzhou Senior Citizens Association (3) has obviously collected a large number of longevity and longevity, and the old lady who has lived one hundred and six years old can still thread needles, as evidenced by photos.

It is difficult to compare the quality of ancient and modern hearts, so I have to seek advice from poetry. The ancient poets were famous for being "gentle and generous", and some even said: "Time is mourning, and you are dying!" (4) How vicious have you seen? What's even more strange is that after Confucius "proofread", he didn't delete it, and said something like "three hundred poems, in a word, saying: Thinking is innocent" (5), as if the sage did not think it was hateful.

There is also the most popular extant "Anthology" (6), which I heard that if young writers want to enrich their vocabulary or describe architecture, they must always look at it, but if we investigate the writers in it, at least half of them will not die well, of course, because of bad hearts. After being selected by Prince Zhaoming, it seems that he has become the patriarch of vocabulary, but at that time, I am afraid that there are still personal ideas and radical words. Otherwise, this person will not be passed on, and if you try to translate the Wenyuan biography in the history before the Tang Dynasty, most of them are people who inherit the will and make praises, but the articles of those authors have been passed down to this day.

From this point of view, it is not without danger to reprint the entire ancient book. Recently, I occasionally see a lithograph of the "Pingzhai Anthology" (1), the author, the Song people, can not be said to be ancient, but his poems can not be used as training. For example, the cloud of "Fox Squirrel": "The fox squirrel is good at a hole, the tiger and snake walk nine times, regardless of the sky has eyes, but there is no skin ...... the ground." He also sang "Jing Gong (8)" cloud: "Raising the womb and going to the womb is still Zhongfu to the people." The tone of rebuke is unaccustomed to today's people. Ouyang Xiu (10) in the "Eight Masters" (9) cannot be regarded as an extreme writer, but there is a cloud in "Reading Li Aowen": "Woohoo, you are in power and refuse to worry about yourself, and you forbid others not to worry, but you are also a husband!" "It's just stupid.

However, after some choices by later generations, it became pure. Later generations can make the ancients pure, and it can be seen that they are more pure than the ancients. In the Qing Dynasty, there were "Tang and Song Dynasty Poems" and "Tang and Song Poems" (11), which were made by the emperor to make the ancients pure and good specimens, and some people may soon reprint them to "turn the tide of the tide" (12). April 15th.

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(1) This article was originally published in the April 26, 1934 issue of the Shanghai China Daily. Trends.

(2) The Dalai Lama: This refers to the 13th Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Thubten Gyatso (1876-1933), who died on December 17, 1933. "Unfortunately, he died in a short life", see the Analects. Yongye" is the words of Kong Qiu regretting the early death of his disciple Yan Yuan. (3) On February 15, 1934, Liu Jiwen, mayor of Guangzhou, of the Kuomintang government, held a meeting for the elderly to commemorate the completion of the new municipal office; There are more than 200 elderly people over the age of 80, including Zhang Sushi, who is said to be 106 years old, who is still able to thread needles. Pictorial Special Issue, No. 2. (4) "Time is mourning, and you are dying!" See "Shang Shu. Tang Oath. Time, originally referred to Xia Ji.

(5) "Three hundred poems, in a word, say: Thinking without evil" Confucius's words, see "Analects. for government.

(6) For Selected Writings, see note (9) on page 326 of this volume. In September 1933, Shi Yucun recommended the "Selected Works" to young people, saying that after reading it, "the vocabulary can be expanded a little", and words such as "palace architecture" can be used to describe it.

(7) "Pingzhai Anthology" written by Hong Zhikui in the Song Dynasty, a total of 32 volumes. Hongzi Shunyu, a native of Yuqian, Zhejiang (now merged into Lin'an), was a jinshi in the second year of Jiading (1209), and was an official to the criminal department and a bachelor of Hanlin. The lithographed book refers to the copy of the "Continuation of the Four Serials" photocopied by the Commercial Press in 1934.

(8) Jing Gong is Wang Anshi. He was the prime minister and was named the Duke of Jingguo, so he was called Wang Jinggong. Misfortune refers to Lu Huiqing and others who were once reused by Wang Anshi and later rejected Wang Anshi. Zhongfu, referring to Zhongshan in Nanjing, Wang Anshi retired to Zhongshan Banshan Hall in his later years.

(9) "Eight Masters" is the Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, referring to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty. (10) Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) was a native of Luling (now Ji'an, Jiangxi) and a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. He served as Deputy Privy Council and Governor of the Council. There is "Ouyang Wenzhong Collection". "Reading Li Aowen", see Ouyang Wenzhong Collection, vol. 73. Li Ao (772-841), a native of Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'an, Gansu), was a literary scholar of the Tang Dynasty.

(11) "Tang and Song Dynasty Wenol", Qing Dynasty Qianlong three years (1738) "Imperial Ding", 58 volumes, including articles by the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, Li Ao, Sun Qiao and other ten people. "Tang and Song Dynasty Poems", "Imperial Determination" in the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), 47 volumes, including poems by Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, Su Shi and Lu You in the Song Dynasty.

(12) "Turning the tide in the fall" is from the Tang Dynasty Han Yu's "Study Solution": "The obstacles are in the east, and the tide is in the fall." (To be continued.) (To be continued.) )