Good afternoon, children's shoes! A few days ago, I saw that everyone had some opinions and suggestions on the rebirth of the spring return, and expressed great gratitude, and at the same time, because the rebirth of the spring return is an empty Republic of China text, so I want to sort out some historical information about the Republic of China.

Because Wanchun is currently going through the process of studying medicine, many people are not very clear about the reputation of the profession of doctor from ancient times to the present, so they are posted to share one or two.

Doctors: In the Tang Dynasty, schools were set up to allow people to study medicine, and those who studied medicine were called doctors. Nowadays, it is used as a general term for those who heal the sick by karma.

China has been different from the West since ancient times, and before the Song Dynasty, the names of doctors were more complicated, and they were generally called according to their specialties, such as food doctors, disease doctors, gold sore doctors, etc. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the northerners called doctors doctors. Doctor is an official name. In the three generations, the Son of Heaven and the princes were all set up. It is divided into 3 levels: upper doctor, middle doctor, and lower doctor. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, there have been names such as Imperial Doctor, Doctor Zhi, Doctor Taizhong, and Doctor Guanglu. The civil officials of the Qing Dynasty were ranked from the first rank to the fifth grade, also known as the doctor. In the old days, the hospital was called a doctor. In addition, after the end of the Tang Dynasty and the fifth dynasty, the official titles were proliferated, and the social atmosphere of calling officials by official names gradually formed, so the northerners respectfully called doctors "doctors". In order to distinguish it from the official name, the "big" that calls the doctor "Dafu" is pronounced dài, not dà.

The honorific name for doctors in the south is Langzhong. Lang Zhong was originally an official name, that is, the general name of the emperor's attendant officer. His duties were to be guards, attendants, and to advise, and to be advisors and dispatches at any time. The Warring States period began, and the Qin and Han dynasties ruled it. In later generations, the waiter, Langzhong, and the outside of the staff were important positions in each department. The title of Lang Zhong as a doctor began in the Song Dynasty. The honorific title of doctor Langzhong is a southern dialect, which is caused by the proliferation of official titles after the end of the Tang Dynasty.

A sitting doctor is a TCM doctor who diagnoses the pulse of patients in a Chinese medicine pharmacy. The sitting doctor originated from the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Han Dynasty, once served as a Taishou in Changsha, and he sat in the hall to practice medicine on the first and fifteenth days of each month, and did not take a penny. In order to commemorate Zhang Zhongjing's lofty medical ethics and superb medical skills, many Chinese medicine stores later named a certain hall, and called the doctors who sat in the pharmacy to diagnose patients "sitting in the hall doctor".

History:

Since in ancient times, it was believed that illness was due to the curse of demons and gods, so the profession of medicine has a lot to do with religion around the world. In the West, the word "medicine" is a symbol of the Greek mythology of Asklepios (the image of Asklepios holding a cane is the symbol of the World Health Organization of the World Health Organization). In ancient Greece, different classes were used for diagnosis and treatment, slave doctors worked for slaves (slaves were different from the concept of black slaves in later generations), and free citizens sought medical treatment from free citizens). The status of doctors was not noble (this was due to the fact that the Roman ruling class was less than the slave class, and most of the doctors were captured for war).

The rise in the social status of doctors was in medieval Europe. Because it is an important occupation related to human life, it is given a special status as a specialized technical position. However, due to the influence of Confucianism in China at that time, the social status of doctors was equivalent to that of clay carpenters, and it was considered a lowly job. North Korean doctors tend to have a lower social status than high-class prostitutes. Doctors in India exist as a ruling class and only care for people of noble blood. In Japan, doctors were called Yakushi and had close religious ties, and in the Edo period, their social status was that of a scholar, a farmer, a businessman, and a worker, and they were attached to the samurai class.

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan's physician system was changed and improved, and traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine were combined. China; Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in South Korea and North Korea still exist independently, but there are signs of loss of traditional Chinese medicine gradually decreasing.

It was not until modern times that doctors became a common term for practicing doctors.

In Japan after the Meiji era, they were called "Mr. Doctor", "Doctor", and "Teacher".

Traditionally in the United States, physicians are called physicians. At the same time, they are divided into different areas of expertise: physician and surgeon, doctor;

About Surgery:

Surgery is the science that studies the occurrence, development and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of surgical diseases.

Surgical diseases fall into five broad categories: trauma, infection, tumors, deformities, and functional impairment. These conditions often require surgery or manual treatment as the primary means of treatment. As a result, surgery has become a treatment method unique to surgery. The need for surgery is also often used as a criterion to distinguish between medical and surgical diseases. However, surgery is not the same as surgery, and surgery is only one of the treatments for surgical diseases.

The significance of surgical examination is to preliminarily rule out common diseases through examination of skin, lymph, thyroid, spine, limbs, joints, urogenital organs, etc.

In addition to general surgery (including abdominal surgery), the scope of surgery has been established in addition to general surgery (including abdominal surgery), cranial, thoracic, cardiovascular, urology, orthopedics, plastic surgery, trauma, burns, tumors, pediatric surgery, neurosurgery, etc., and some have also established microsurgical organ transplantation.

About Surgical Classification:

The main subspecialties of surgery are: general surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, urology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, burns, plastic surgery, microsurgery, etc.

About Internal Medicine:

Internal medicine occupies an extremely important position in clinical medicine, which is not only the foundation of various departments of clinical medicine, but also has a close relationship with them. The knowledge of internal medicine comes from medical practice, and in the process of treating diseases and saving people, medical scientists in the past have continuously accumulated experience, removed the false and kept the true, and continuously improved the level of understanding from practice, and gradually formed a systematic method of diagnosis and treatment of diseases through years of long-term accumulation. Generations of medical scientists have compiled and summarized the knowledge gained from these practices. and systematic research (including evidence-based medicine research in recent years) has developed into the current internal medicine. An excellent clinician must not only have the desire to serve the people, but also the ability to serve the people. In order to acquire the ability to cure diseases, we must not only be good at reading, but also be diligent in practice, and constantly sum up experience and lessons in practice.

The significance of internal medicine examination: it is used to understand the chest, heart and lung auscultation, bowel sounds, heart rate, murmur, heart rhythm, liver, spleen and abdominal wall varicose veins.

Internal medicine is generally divided into: cardiology, neurology (headache, facial paralysis, coma, convulsions, dizziness, muscle atrophy, involuntary movements), respiratory medicine (fever, cough, hemoptysis, hemoptysis, difficulty breathing, hiccups), gastroenterology, nephrology, endocrinology (edema, abnormal growth and development, abnormal urine output, urine glucose, goiter), rheumatology, hematology, hematology, hepatology, infectious diseases, otolaryngology, and pediatric internal medicine.

Essentially, both medicine and surgery fall under the umbrella of medicine, and even though they have so much in common, the nature of their work and the way of thinking of the surgeon and surgeon are very different. As a systematic discipline, internal medicine has a complete set of theoretical systems, although it has its practicality. It studies the human body as a separate system. However, due to the intervention of human factors in surgery, it is more common to think about the human body as an open system. If the physician is called "home", then the surgeon is the "craftsman".

However, if an internist only closes his door to do his studies and does not carry out clinical practice, he will never become a "doctor" in the true sense; Similarly, if a surgeon only delves into how to make the operation beautiful and perfect, and neglects the study of theory and induction, he will never become a "craftsman". Perhaps it is the difference in the nature of the work, and there are also certain differences in the external temperament of the internal and external doctors, and the requirements of surgical work for doctors are to be vigorous and resolute, bold and careful, decisive and crisp, calm and methodical in the face of problems. Internal medicine requires doctors to be thoughtful, knowledgeable, and meticulous. Female students who have graduated from medical school generally aspire to work in internal medicine because internal medicine work requires more patience and meticulousness. Male students aspire to work in surgery because it is more challenging, more rewarding and more attractive.