Premise: This article is an empty text of the Republic of China, and the basic trend will be based on the time and customs of the Republic of China, and it will be slightly modified according to the plot.

Education in the early period of the Nationalist Government in Nanjing (1927-1937)

(1) The education system in the Kuomintang-ruled areas

In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the First National Education Conference implemented the new academic system in the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922) based on the 6 principles of the actual situation of education, meeting the needs of people's livelihood, increasing the efficiency of education, seeking the development of individuality, making education easy to popularize, and leaving places to expand and expand. This system has since been partially revised, which is described as follows:

(1) The primary education system

In the twenty-first year of the Republic of China (1932), the Kuomintang government promulgated the "Primary School Law" and the "Primary School Regulations", stipulating that the primary school study period was 6 years, the first 4 years were junior primary schools, and the last 2 years were senior primary schools. The age of entry is 6 years old and can be extended to 9 years old. All localities may set up simple primary schools and short-term primary schools to implement compulsory education. Simple primary schools recruit children of the same age who cannot enter primary schools, and the number of years of study is equivalent to 2,800 hours; Short-term primary schools recruit 10-16 elderly out-of-school children who study for 1 year, equivalent to 540 hours.

In the twenty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1935), the Ministry of Education formulated the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Outline of the Provisional Measures for the Implementation of Compulsory Education in accordance with the Measures for the Implementation of Compulsory Education by the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang (1935-1940), stipulating that school-age children across the country should receive one year of short-term primary education during the first period of compulsory education (1935-1940), in addition to ordinary primary schools; In the second period (1940-1944) two years of short-term primary education. Later, it was stipulated that the two-year short-term primary school recruited out-of-school children aged 8-12 should graduate at the same level as the third grade of primary school; Short-term primary schools are set up independently and can be attached to schools such as ordinary elementary schools or public institutions; Central primary schools should be used to guide short-term primary schools; The short-term primary school recruits two classes of students, each class of 50 students, can flexibly attend classes, simultaneous classes, 3-4 hours per day, 45 minutes per hour, the curriculum is Chinese, arithmetic, civic training and physical education, two-year short-term primary school courses are Chinese general knowledge, arithmetic, work, singing and civics training and other 6 kinds, and can be itinerant teaching.

In terms of curriculum, in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the Ministry of Education promulgated the Interim Regulations on Primary Schools, and the following year (1929) promulgated the Interim Standards for Primary School Curriculum, stipulating that the subjects of primary primary schools are party righteousness, Chinese, society, nature, arithmetic, work, art, physical education, music, etc.; The same is true for the upper primary schools, but the social studies include civics, health, history, and geography. Weekly teaching time: 1,140 minutes for grades 1 and 2, 1,320 minutes for grades 3 and 4, and 1,530 minutes for grades 5 and 6. In the twenty-first year of the Republic of China (1932), the curriculum was adjusted, and the party and righteousness subjects were not specially established, but melted into the Chinese language, social and other subjects, plus civic training, a health department was added, and the work was changed to labor, and its teaching materials were divided into four items: family affairs, school affairs, agricultural affairs, and crafts. The weekly teaching time has also been changed to 1,170 minutes for the first grade, 1,260 minutes for the second grade, 1,380 minutes for the third grade, 1,440 minutes for the fourth grade, and 1,560 minutes for the fifth and sixth grades. In the twenty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1936), with the main purpose of developing children's body and mind, cultivating national consciousness, cultivating the foundation of national morality, and cultivating the basic knowledge and skills necessary for life, the curriculum was once again adjusted, merging society and nature into common sense, labor and art into work, physical education and music into singing and traveling, abolishing health, and adding arithmetic and abacus from the fourth grade. Weekly class schedules have also been changed.

(2) Secondary education system

In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the Kuomintang government promulgated the "Interim Regulations for Secondary Schools", and the following year promulgated the "Interim Curriculum Standards for Senior High Schools", abolishing the division of arts and sciences. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), the Middle School Law, the Normal School Law and the Vocational School Law were promulgated, and the Ministry of Education promulgated the Middle School Regulations, the Normal School Regulations and the Vocational School Regulations. It is stipulated that secondary school junior high schools and senior high schools shall have a duration of study of 3 years, which can be set up in a mixed manner. Junior high school students are 12-15 years old, and senior high school students are 15-18 years old. The duration of study in normal schools is 3 years, 1 year in special normal courses, 2 or 3 years in kindergarten normal courses, and the age of admission is 15-22 years. Junior high school graduates are required for admission to Teacher Training and Kindergarten Teacher Training Courses; For the Special Teacher Training Course, a senior high school or a senior vocational school is required. Normal schools are established by localities at or above the county level, and special normal courses are attached to normal schools in principle.

All localities can set up simple normal schools and rural simple normal schools, and those who have graduated from junior high school or equivalent schools or have equivalent academic ability are qualified after one year of study. Train all kinds of specialist teachers, and charter junior colleges or special schools. In terms of vocational schools, they are divided into primary and higher vocational schools. Entry-level applicants must have graduated from primary school or have a substantial degree of 12-18 years of age, and the duration of study is 1-3 years. The admission qualification for senior students is to have graduated from primary school or equivalent at the age of 15-22, and have studied for 3 years; or those who have graduated from primary school or have a substantial degree of age of 12-20 years of age, the length of study is 5-6 years. Vocational schools are established in counties and cities at the primary level, and at the senior level, they are set up in provinces or municipalities directly under the government.

In terms of curriculum, the curriculum of secondary schools is established in accordance with the "Interim Standards for Secondary School Curriculum" promulgated by the Ministry of Education in the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), and the junior high school consists of Party Righteousness, Chinese Language, Foreign Chinese, History, Geography, Arithmetic, Natural Science, Physiology and Health, Drawing, Physical Education, Crafts, Occupation, Subjects, and Party Scouting, with a total of 180 credits.

The compulsory public subjects for high school are Party Righteousness, Chinese Literature, Foreign Literature, Mathematics, National History, Foreign History, Domestic Geography, Foreign Geography, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Military Training, Physical Education, and Elective Subjects, with a total of 150 credits. In the twenty-first year of the Republic of China (1932), the official curriculum standards were announced. The first table of the teaching subjects and hours in junior high school is civics (10)-(total hours in 3 years, the same below), physical education (18), health (6), Chinese language (36), English (30), arithmetic (28), plants (4), animals (4), chemistry (7), physics (7), history (12), geography (12), work (16), drawing (10), music (8), a total of 34-35 hours of teaching per week, and 13-14 hours of self-defense in school. The second table reduces the number of hours in four subjects: labor, drawing, music, and health, and increases the number of Mongolian and Hui Tibetan or second foreign Chinese languages, teaching 3 hours per week, for a total of 18 hours in three school years. The first table of teaching subjects and class hours in senior high school is Civics (12), Bahasa Malaysia (30), English (30), Arithmetic (20), Biology (10), Chemistry (10), Physics (12), National History (8), Foreign History (6), National Geography (6), Foreign Geography (6), Theory (2), Drawing (10), Music (6), with a total of 31-34 hours of teaching per week, 26-29 hours of extracurricular activities and self-study at school: the second table cancels 4 subjects of theory, drawing, music, and health. Add Mongolian and Hui Tibetan or second foreign language Chinese subjects, teaching 5 hours per week, a total of 30 hours for 3 years. In the twenty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1936), the "Revised Secondary School Curriculum Standards" was promulgated, which reduced the number of teaching hours, revised the labor curriculum, determined the status and hours of vocational subjects, and abolished the regulations on the number of hours of self-study.

With regard to the curriculum of normal schools, the Ministry of Education promulgated a series of documents such as the "Curriculum Standards for Normal Schools" from the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930) to the 24th year (1935), stipulating that the curriculum of normal schools is civics, national literature, history, geography, arithmetic, physics, chemistry, biology, physical education, health, military training, labor, art, music, theory, introduction to education, educational psychology, educational testing and statistics, primary school textbooks and teaching methods, and primary school administrative practice. The curriculum of rural teachers and kindergarten teachers shall be provided for separately.

Regarding the curriculum of vocational schools, it was not until the twenty-third year of the Republic of China (1934) that the "Vocational School Curriculum Standards" was published, which was divided into two types: elementary and advanced, and the junior and senior levels were divided into five subjects: agriculture, industry, commerce, family affairs and other occupations. The course design is more advanced and simpler, such as the basic courses on business: general business bookkeeping, accounting, shorthand, typing, advertising, etc.; Advanced is bank bookkeeping, accounting, shorthand, insurance, foreign exchange, etc. Vocational schools teach 40-48 hours per week, with the principle of 30% vocational subjects, 20% general subjects and 50% internships.

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(2) Higher education system

In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the Kuomintang government set up a university in Nanjing, and each province set up a university district, with the university and university districts to lead the education of the whole country and the provinces. Two years later (1929), the Graduate School was abolished and the Ministry of Education was restored. In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), the "University Organization Law", "University Regulations", and "College Organization Law" were promulgated, and the following year (1931) the "College Regulations" were promulgated.

There are three types of higher education institutions: universities, independent colleges, and technical colleges. The university is divided into 8 colleges: arts, science, law, education, agriculture, industry, commerce, and medicine, and only those with more than 3 colleges can be called a university, and there must be 1 college of science, agriculture, engineering, and medicine among the 3. Those with less than 3 colleges are called independent colleges, and the length of study is 4 years, except for 5 years for medical school. Universities and independent colleges may set up research institutes, which are divided into research institutes in the fields of literature, science, law, education, agriculture, industry, commerce, medicine, etc., and only those with research institutes or above can be called research institutes. Each institute has several faculties, and the research period is two years. In junior colleges, the division of labor, agriculture, commerce, medicine, art, music, physical education, etc., the study period is 2-3 years. Universities are established by the Ministry of Education, provinces and municipalities, all of which are subject to the approval of the Ministry of Education. Private individuals can also set up universities. Each faculty of the university has a number of departments, and may have specialized courses attached. The establishment of junior colleges, provinces, municipalities and private individuals shall be approved by the Ministry of Education.

In terms of curriculum, in the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), the "University Regulations" was promulgated, stipulating that all subjects of graduate schools and independent colleges must set up this course for first-year students who are not divided into departments, except for the common compulsory subjects of party righteousness, national literature, physical education, military training, and the first and second foreign languages. All courses of the university are subject to a credit system, but students are not allowed to graduate early. Later, the credit and part-time academic year system was adopted. Except for medical schools, the minimum number of credits required for college students is 132 credits in 4 years. For those who need extracurricular self-study, 1 hour of class per week for 1 semester is 1 credit, and for internships and those who do not need extracurricular self-study, 2 hours is 1 credit. In the twentieth year of the Republic of China (1931), the "Revised Regulations for Specialized Schools" stipulates that all specialized schools shall take party righteousness, military training, national language, and foreign language as common compulsory subjects. A credit system is also implemented. With the exception of the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty Subject Lists were not issued during this period.