The main production areas of furniture in the Qing Dynasty were Guangzhou, Suzhou and Beijing, among which Guangzhou was the most famous. The www.biquge.info is known as the three masterpieces of furniture in the Qing Dynasty.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, due to the large number of Western missionaries coming to China, some advanced science and technology were disseminated, which promoted the prosperity of China's economy, culture and art. Due to its specific geographical location, Guangzhou has become an important gateway for China's foreign trade and cultural exchanges.

With the further development of foreign trade, various handicraft industries such as ivory carving, magnetic firing, cloisonné, etc. have also been restored and developed. In addition, Guangdong is the main source of precious wood, and most of the high-quality timber from Nanyang countries is imported from Guangzhou, so the materials for making furniture are relatively abundant. These unique favorable conditions give Cantonese furniture a unique artistic style.

One of the characteristics of Cantonese furniture is that the materials used are coarse and abundant. No matter how much the bending degree of the main components such as legs and feet and columns of Cantonese furniture is, the splicing method is generally not used, but is used to be dug with a piece of wood. The other parts are also roughly the same, so most of the Cantonese furniture is relatively stout.

Cantonese furniture is made of a kind of wood in order to pay attention to the consistency of wood. The Cantonese furniture that is usually seen, or red sandalwood, or mahogany, is all the same wood, and it is by no means miserably mixed with other kinds of wood. Moreover, the Cantonese furniture is not lacquered, so that the wood is completely exposed, so that people can see it at a glance and have a sense of reality and clarity.

The second characteristic of Cantonese furniture is that the decorative pattern is carved deeply, the knife is skillful, and the grinding is fine. Its carving style, to a certain extent, is influenced by Western architectural carving, the carving pattern is uplifted, and some parts are almost round. Coupled with the fine grinding, the surface of the grain is as smooth as jade, without revealing any traces of knife chisels.

All in all, one word, expensive! But all the furniture is made of real materials, and the carving is meticulous and full of luxury. Shanxi coal boss favorite, once a red sandalwood carved dragon pattern antique bed, sold for more than 30 million! There really is no best, only the most expensive.

"You pay attention to its ornamentation, the decorative theme and ornamentation of Cantonese furniture, influenced by Western culture and art, after making utensils with traditional Chinese practices, and then decorated with Western-style patterns with carving, inlay and other craft techniques. This Western-style pattern is usually a pattern that resembles a peony, and it is also called passionflower. ”

"The lines of this pattern are smooth and varied, and the branches can be stretched freely according to different shapes. It is characterized by being centered on one or several flowers, stretching outwards in all directions, and most of them are symmetrical from top to bottom, left and right. If it is decorated on a round object, its branches and leaves are mostly cyclical, and the decorations on each side are cleverly connected, and it is difficult to distinguish their heads and tails.

"In addition to the Western-style decoration, Cantonese furniture also has a considerable number of traditional decorations. Such as various forms of seawater cloud dragon, seawater river cliffs, moire, phoenix pattern, crest pattern, bat, chime, entwined or broken branch flowers, and a variety of lace decorations. At first glance, a lot of Cantonese furniture looks like traditional Chinese patterns, but when you look closely, there are always more or less traces of Western style. It provides a basis for us to identify whether Cantonese furniture. ”

After reading a few Guangzuo furniture, Old Man Ouyang focused on taking Wu Tianyuan to Su's furniture and continued: "Suzhou-style furniture refers to the furniture produced in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with Suzhou as the center. Soviet-style furniture was formed earlier, and the world-famous Ming-style furniture is dominated by Soviet-style furniture. However, after entering the Qing Dynasty, with the change of social atmosphere, Soviet-style furniture also began to change to the direction of cumbersome and flashy. ”

"In order to save materials, Soviet-style furniture often mixes other firewood in the dark when making tables, chairs, stools and other furniture. This situation is mostly manifested in the materials used to wear the belt in the utensils. Now the Palace Museum has a large number of Soviet-style furniture, eight out of ten, nine times have this phenomenon, and the Ming and Qing dynasties of Soviet-style furniture are like this. Soviet-style furniture is painted on the inside, the purpose is to avoid moisture, keep the wood from deformation, and also have the effect of covering the ugliness.

"In other words, Su Zuo has the most cats among them?" Wu Tianyuan heard the voice of Old Man Ouyang.

"Yes, Suzuo has the longest history and the highest craftsmanship of craftsmen, so the means of decoration are the highest." Old man Ouyang used the word modification, which was meaningful.

"The inlay and carving of Soviet-style furniture are mainly manifested in the cabinets and screens, taking this ordinary cabinet as an example, usually made of hardwood into the cabinet frame, in which the groove is inlaid with a pine or fir board, and then made into a plain lacquer surface according to the lacquer process, after the lacquer surface is dry, the decoration begins, first draw the sketch on the lacquer surface, and then dig the groove with a knife according to the pattern form, and inlay the inserts of various textures according to the drawings in advance, and glue it firmly to the finished product."

This is the case, in ancient times, Guangzhou was a port, and there were the most materials, so the craftsmen there did not cherish the materials very much, and they used them very expensively. However, there are not many materials to be transported to Suzhou, so craftsmen naturally have to consider the cost and find ways to save materials, forcing them to increase their sense of design. Ming-style Huanghuali furniture is estimated to have been born in this way?

"The decorative themes of Suzhou furniture are mostly taken from the paintings of celebrities in the past dynasties, mainly pine, bamboo, plum blossoms, mountains and stones, flowers and birds, landscapes and various myths and legends. The second is the traditional ornamentation such as "sea water cloud dragon, sea water river cliff, dragon play beads, dragon and phoenix are auspicious" and so on. Folded flowers are also very common, and the local decoration is mainly entangled lotus and entwined peony. Western patterns are extremely rare, and generally speaking, it is a Soviet-style entwined branch lotus or a Cantonese-style passionflower, which has become a feature that distinguishes the Soviet-style and Cantonese-style. ”

"What about our Kyosaku? It's the most down-to-earth, right? ”

Finally, as one of the three major schools and the only representative of the northern workers, Wu Tianyuan was curious about what was extraordinary.

"Beijing furniture is generally based on the furniture made by the Qing Palace, and there is a separate Guangmu in the office, which is filled by outstanding craftsmen selected by Guangdong, and the utensils made are more reflected in the Cantonese style. However, due to the fact that most of the timber is transported from Guangzhou, a truckload of timber can only be transported to Beijing for several months. Needless to say, manpower, material resources, and expenses along the way. Emperor Lao Tzu himself was well aware of this, so the production of a certain artifact in the manufacturing office must first be painted and presented, and only after the emperor's approval can it be made. ”

Such things are often recorded in these imperial approvals, and the emperor felt that a certain part of the material was too large after reading it, and promptly instructed a certain part to be smaller. Especially Emperor Yongzheng, he himself was very cautious and economical, and had high requirements for art, so basically everything had to be seen by him before it could be customized. ”

"Over time, the formation of the Beijing furniture is more widely made of materials small characteristics. In the ordinary woodwork of the manufacturing office, craftsmen are mostly selected from the vast areas of the south of the Yangtze River, and the work tends to be Soviet-style. The difference is that the furniture they made in the Qing Palace Office is slightly larger than that used in the Jiangnan area, and there are not many cases of adulteration. ”

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