Led the fungus and the text to the cafeteria, and started the lunch robbery activity, sure enough, they were first-class foodies, Shen Liang ate quite Sven, those two guys were simply starving ghosts reincarnated, and the eating appearance was simply miserable. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

Shen Liang looked at the appearance of these two people, he really didn't have any appetite, and walked to the side to eat, after a lunch was settled, he didn't expect these two guys to be so motivated, and immediately pulled Shen Liang to the barracks to continue to explain the story behind the battle.

Shen Liang was not ambiguous, and immediately began to speak, saying: "Since you want to learn, I will tell you about the most classic battle, the Battle of Changping." ”

The stipe and the text immediately nodded their heads in succession.

Shen Liang continued: "In the last years of the Warring States period, the powerful Qin State continued to annex the eastern countries through wars. The first target was neighboring South Korea. That is, in the second year of Zhao Xiaocheng's reign, the Qin army attacked King Hanye. Yewang surrendered to Qin, the party said goodbye, the whole of Korea was greatly panicked, and it was proposed to offer the party to rest the Qin soldiers, and the county guard Feng Ting was unwilling to enter Qin, so he sent a messenger to Zhao to ask for surrender, and the king of Zhao gladly accepted the party. Qin Jun was furious and ordered Wang Di, the chief of the left house, to lead the army to attack the party again. The Qin army attacked eastward, and King Zhao sent the veteran general Lian Po to defend Changping. The Qin army continued to challenge, but Lian Po could not hold out, and the two sides held each other for a long time. The Qin army spread rumors that Lian Po was going to rebel, with the aim of getting King Zhao to replace Lian Po. King Zhao was really fooled and sent Zhao Kuo to replace Lian Po. Zhao Kuo only knows how to talk on paper, and does not have much experience in actual combat, so he attacks lightly. Qin general Bai Qi set up an ambush to surround Zhao Kuo's army, and cut off the Zhao army's grain road, Zhaoxiang Prince personally to Hanoi, Xifa adult men to Changping to help the war, Zhao army was besieged for 46 days, grass and grain were cut off, desperately broke through, Ma Fuzi Zhao Kuo was shot to death, Bai Qi collected more than 400,000 Zhao soldiers, Bai Qi thought that Zhao soldiers were disloyal, and killed them at night, and Zhao then declined.

Process and consequences

King Qin Zhao listened to Fan Sui's strategy of "long-distance and close attack", and first launched a continuous attack on Korea.

In the forty-second year of King Qin Zhao, he cut down Han and took Shaoqu and Gaoping. Forty-three years to capture Han's Chen. In the 44th year, he captured Nanyang Land south of Han Taihang Mountain, in an attempt to cut off the connection between Han's Shangdang and the mainland. In 45 years, he captured 10 cities including Yewang in Korea, and completely cut off the connection between the Shangdang in Korea and the mainland. King Han asked Shangdang County Guard Feng Ting to dedicate Shangdang to Qin in order to ask Qin to rest his soldiers. Feng Ting didn't listen, but decided to dedicate the 17 counties of Shangdang County to Zhao Guo. At this time, King Huiwen of Zhao had died and was succeeded by his son King Xiaocheng. King Xiaocheng wanted to get this land and asked for the opinions of his subordinates, but Zhao Bao, the king of Pingyang, advocated not accepting it, because it would cause the Qin state to attack, and Zhao Sheng and Zhao Yu, the kings of the plains, advocated accepting. As a result, Zhao Guo accepted Feng Ting's land, Zhao Feng Ting was Huayang Jun, ate 3 10,000-household cities, sealed 3 thousand cities, and gave the officials and people the third level. Zhao then sent an army to take the party, and sent Lian Po to lead an army to garrison Changping in case the Qin army attacked. In this way, the fuse of one of the largest and most brutal wars of the Warring States period was ignited.

The Qin State severed the connection between the Shangdang and the Han mainland, with the aim of seizing the Shangdang, just as Zhao Chen and Zhao Bao pointed out, "Qin encroached on the Han land, and the Chinese never communicated with each other, and they thought that they would sit and accept the land of the Shangdang". Now that Shangdang has entered Zhao, Qin is of course unwilling, so he immediately sent Zuo Changchang Wang Yu to attack Zhao Changping. Zhao Jianglian knew that Qin was attacking from afar, and if he wanted to fight quickly, he adopted the strategy of waiting for the Qin army to be tired and then counterattacking. Lian Po held on for 3 years without attacking, and the Qin army could not enter. King Zhao Xiaocheng sent people to let Lian Po fight many times, and Fan Sui sent people to Zhao Guo with a lot of money to counter the plan, saying that the Qin army was only afraid of Zhao Kuo, the son of Ma Fuzi, and Lian Po was easy to deal with, and he was about to surrender to Qin. King Zhao planned in Qin, so he sent Zhao Kuo to replace Lian Po.

Zhao Kuo is the son of Zhao Hao, and he has read some military books, but he has no actual combat experience, and he is a soldier who can only talk about soldiers on paper. When King Zhao wanted to appoint him as a general, Zhao Kuo's mother disagreed, and King Zhao did not listen. Zhao Kuo's mother asked King Zhao to ensure that after her son failed, she would not be implicated. King Zhao also agreed.

Zhao Kuo

After Zhao Kuo replaced Lian Po, he completely changed Lian Po's combat policy. When Qin heard that Zhao Kuo had replaced Lian Po, he secretly appointed Wu Anjun Bai Qi as the general and Wang Yi as the deputy general, and ordered the army to keep it absolutely secret. After Zhao Kuo arrived, he was eager to win and immediately sent troops to attack, and the Qin army feigned defeat and left. The Zhao army chased after him and fell into the encirclement set up by Bai Qi. After the Qin army surrounded the Zhao army, it cut off its grain routes. The Zhao army had to build fortifications in the encirclement and wait for reinforcements. When King Qin Zhao heard this, he rushed to Hanoi, gave the people the first rank, and sent all the strong men over the age of 15 to Changping to help in the war, which was used to block the reinforcements and grain routes of the Zhao State. The Zhao army was besieged for 46 days, the grass and grain were cut off, and Zhao Shizu "killed and ate in the yin". The Zhao army was divided into 4 teams, and they took turns to attack outward, but they couldn't break through. Zhao Kuo personally went to battle and was shot dead by the Qin army, and the Zhao army was defeated, ""hundreds of thousands of people surrendered to Qin". Bai Qi thought that Zhao Shichu was repeatedly untrustworthy, so he executed all the pawns, and only released 240 people to report to Zhao. In this war, the Qin army killed 450,000 soldiers of Zhao before and after, and killed more than 400,000 soldiers. This time, the strong man of Zhao State died for a long time, and the national strength was greatly damaged. After the Qi State, it also declined from then on, and it could no longer compete with the Qin State.

Comparison of Qin and Zhao's strength

The army on both sides is nearly one million, which is a great pressure on logistics and food and grass materials. Therefore, this war is also a competition of comprehensive national strength between the two sides. Compared with the economic strength of the two sides before the war, Qin was located in Yongzhou in "Yu Gong", and the land was of the upper class. After Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, he appointed Shang Ying to preside over the reform, and carried out comprehensive and in-depth reforms from the economic base to the superstructure, and the Qin State quickly became rich and strong. After several generations of business, the army was strong and wealthy. When the Battle of Changping was about to take place, Qin had the benefits of Hu Wan in the north, the Rao of Bashu in the south, the danger of Tongguan in the east, and the reward for farming, so the war economy was very strong, and the reserves of various strategic materials were very sufficient. And the water conservancy is developed, and military supplies are often transported by waterways. Zhao is located in Jizhou, which is "Yu Gong", and its agricultural resources are not as good as those of Qin, Qi, Wei and other countries. Zhao "thin land and people", located in the north, although the territory is vast and the arable land is limited, has always attached equal importance to agriculture and commerce, and its "folk customs are anxious, relying on the opportunity to eat", "good spirit, let the chivalrous as a traitor, do not do agriculture", so the agricultural economy is relatively backward in the six countries. Although the middle of the Warring States period was reformed by King Wuling of Zhao, the national strength was once prosperous, but compared with the Qin State Shang Yang reform, the reform of Zhao was limited to the military field, and the political and economic reform was relatively weak, and then there was a sand dune palace change, Zhao's civil strife, and the strength declined again, and Zhao Huiwen King succeeded to the throne has not had the opportunity to implement Zhao's second change, so Zhao in the late Warring States period, "agricultural development is relatively lagging behind, no longer to meet the needs of large-scale wars for power", war reserves are not sufficient, unable to support large-scale long-term wars. Comparing the military strength of the two countries, the Qin army has "more than 100,000 tigers, thousands of cars, and 10,000 horses." The land is close to the northwest, the people are fierce and martial, the Qin horses are excellent, and the Qin cars are fast, which can be called a supermilitary power. And the Qin army is known as the division of tigers and wolves, and the soldiers of the Qin army on the battlefield are invincible. Zhao has "hundreds of thousands of people with armor, thousands of cars, and 10,000 horses". Known for his crossbow cavalry, Zhao formed a cavalry unit earlier, so Zhao's cavalry was well-trained, had high military literacy, and had rich experience. From this point of view, Zhao's military strength was slightly weaker than Qin's, and at most equal to Qin's. To sum up, Zhao's comprehensive national strength is inferior to that of Qin.

Causes of war

Territorial map of various countries Since Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Ying to implement the reform of the law, the Qin State has formulated a correct annexation strategy: rewarding ploughing and warfare, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and the country's strength is in full swing; even broke through the vertical, made friends from afar and attacked closely, and won diplomacy again and again; The banner is commanded, the iron cavalry gallops, and the military victories are frequently reported. In the past 100 years, the encroachment has been slowing down, the heavy damage has been rapid, the three Jin have been broken, the strong Chu has been defeated, and the Eastern Qi has been weakened, constituting a strategic offensive posture against the six countries of Shandong. In front of the aggressive soldiers of the Qin State, Han and Wei Quyi flattered, Southern Chu was too busy to take care of themselves, Eastern Qi was incapacitated, and Northern Yan was insignificant. Only Zhao State, Zhao Wuling King carried out the "Hufu Cavalry Shooting" military reform, the country is relatively prosperous, the military strength is stronger, the foreign war wins more and loses less, and has Lian Po, Zhao Hao, Li Mu and a number of generals who can conquer and fight, can still have a deal with Qiang Qin. At this time, if Qin wanted to unify the six kingdoms, he first had to sweep away the Three Jin Dynasty and open up the road to the east. So a big battle between Qin and Zhao was about to happen. According to Prime Minister Fan Sui's strategic concept of "distant friendship and close attack", from 268 BC, King Qin Zhao successively sent troops to capture Huai and Xingqiu of Wei, forcing Wei to attach himself to himself. Then he attacked Korea on a large scale, and successively captured Shen, Gaoping, Shaoqu and other places. Conquer the wild king and cut the Korean waist into two sections. When the news came, the Korean court was frightened and hurriedly sent envoys to Qin to offer the party county to sue for peace with Qin. However, Feng Ting, the Taishou of the Korean Shangdang, was unwilling to dedicate his land to Qin, but made the choice to dedicate the party's land to Zhao. Of course, his intention was clear: to divert the Qin army's edge and promote Zhao and Han to join hands to jointly resist the Qin state. King Zhao accepted the suggestion of Zhao Sheng, the king of the plains, and happily accepted the land, and sent Zhao Sheng to accept Shangdang and incorporate Shangdang County into his territory. This move of Zhao State was tantamount to snatching food from the tiger's mouth, which caused great dissatisfaction among Qin State, and the contradiction between Qin and Zhao was comprehensively intensified. Fan Sui then suggested that the king of Qin take the opportunity to send troops to attack Zhao. The king of Qin ordered the Qin army to attack the Han Wu clan and go straight to Xingyang to deter Korea, and at the same time ordered the chief of the left army, Wang Ji, to lead a large army to the Zhao State and attack Shangdang. Shangdang Zhao's army was defeated and retreated to Changping.

In this history, this war also shows that the Qin State annihilated the main force of the Zhao State and dominated the world since the Battle of Changping, but it took 32 years to finally destroy Zhao, and it took another 7 years to unify the sea. It can be imagined that the killing of 400,000 Zhao soldiers in the Battle of Changping played a strong negative impact. What's more serious is that Bai Qi assisted King Qin to create a historical process of countering violence with violence, fighting poison with poison, and even being cruel and untrustworthy with cunning and viciousness. In 207 BC, Xiang Yu and the Qin army fought a desperate battle at Julu, and captured 200,000 people of the main force of the Qin army in nine battles and nine victories. Subsequently, Xiang Yu betrayed his letter and ordered all 200,000 soldiers to be executed in Xin'an City (present-day Mianchidong, Henan). Only a few months later, the short-lived Qin Dynasty, which had ruled for only 14 years, came to naught. Five years later, in 202 BC, Xiang Yu's army was defeated and drew his sword to kill himself. History is strikingly similar, and those who regard the lives of all people as mustard will kill themselves. ”

At this moment, Shen Liang stopped when he said this, and the fungus and the text seemed to be thoughtful. (To be continued.) )