As soon as Shen Liang left, the stipe immediately pulled the text there and began to tinker with these questions, and began to study what these things were all about?

At this moment, the stipe asked: "Text, what is going on in this battle, I didn't understand anything before, can you tell me again." Pen Fun Pavilion www.biquge.info"

At this moment, Zhengwen began to buy a shelf and said, "It's okay, but you will give me half a catty of wine later." ”

At this moment, the fungus couldn't help but say: "This army is not allowed to drink, where can I fight you?" ”

At this moment, the text immediately turned around and left, and the stipe immediately compromised.

The stipe begged the text to tell him about it, and it seems that he is also a studious child.

The text begins with a meaningful speech: "During the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to compete for the hegemony of the Central Plains, the Jin army won by strategy and defeated the Chu army in Chengpu, opening a precedent of "soldiers and tricks". In April, the Jin and Chu armies fought at Chengpu (southwest of Juancheng, Shandong) in order to compete for hegemony in the Central Plains. The Chu army was at the advantage, and the Jin army was at a disadvantage. Xu Chen, the deputy general of the Jin army, was ordered to meet the right army of the allied forces of the Chu state, that is, the armies of Chen and Cai. The war horses of the Chen and Cai armies are many and fierce. In order to defeat the enemy, Xu Chen created the illusion that he was powerful, and used the strategy of flowering on the tree to scare the enemy with tiger skin and horse. During the attack, the Jin army rushed to the enemy position with war horses covered with tiger skins, and the war horses and soldiers of the Chen and Cai armies thought that they were real tigers rushing over, and they were so frightened that they retreated. Xu Chen took advantage of the victory to pursue and defeated the Chen and Cai armies.

At the beginning of the twentieth year, Duke Wen of Jin led his army to cross the river from Jianjin and attack Cao and Wei attached to Chu, in an attempt to lure Chu to come to the aid to relieve the Song siege. In the first month, the defenders of Wulu (northwest of Qingfeng, Henan), in February, they entered the alliance with the Qizhao Guild, and the guards of the capital Chuqiu (northeast of Huaxian County, Henan) descended to the Jin Dynasty. In March, he captured Caodu Taoqiu. However, the Chu army was not mobilized, but stepped up the siege of Shangqiu. Song was anxious to Jin, and Jin Wen publicly suggested that Qin and Qi "like bribery, anger and stubbornness" psychology, and use diplomatic strategies to create contradictions between Qin, Qi and Chu. On the one hand, Song was asked to bribe Qin and Qi, and asked the two countries to come forward to ask Chu to withdraw their troops, and on the other hand, he divided Cao and Wei with Song, and strengthened his determination to resist Chu. Shangqiu failed to be captured, and the lands of Cao and Wei were sent to the Song state by Jin, so Chu refused to retreat. Qin and Qi then sent troops to help Jin, forming a strategic pattern of three strong alliances against Chu.

Seeing that the situation was unfavorable, King Cheng of Chu feared that Qin would take the opportunity to attack his rear, retreated to Shenyi, and ordered the Chu army besieging Shangqiu and Jinyi and occupying Guyi to withdraw. But Ziyu, the main general who besieged Shangqiu, was proud and conceited, and insisted on fighting with Jin. King Chu Cheng was shaken in his determination and agreed to Ziyu's suggestion, but he refused to fight a decisive battle with all his might, and only sent 600 royal soldiers to reinforce Ziyu. Ziyu sent people to negotiate with Jin: if Jin Xu Cao and Wei restored the country, Chu would relieve the siege of Song. The monarchs and ministers of the Jin State believed that the situation was favorable and hoped for a decisive battle, but they were afraid that they would not allow Ziyu's conditions and would be hated by the Song, Cao, and Wei Kingdoms. So on the one hand, he secretly promised Cao and Wei to restore the country, persuaded him to break off relations with Chu, and on the other hand, detained Chu's envoys to provoke Ziyu. Zi Yuguo was angry and begged for battle, and led the army to force Taoqiu. In order to exhaust the Chu army, Duke Wen of Jin lured Ziyu to light the enemy deep in order to fight a decisive battle with Chu on the predetermined battlefield. Then he retreated and went to Chengpu to join the Qin and Qi armies.

On the first day of the first month of April, the Chu army entered Chengpu, and on the second day of the first month, the two sides faced each other. The Jin army was deployed as the upper, middle, and lower armies with the support of the Qin and Qi armies; The Chu army took Chen and Cai as the right army, the Shen and Xi armies as the left army, and the main elite as the middle army. The Jin commander Xianzhen ordered to first defeat the weaker Chu right army; And let the Jin Shang army feint to retreat, drag firewood and dust behind the battle, and create the illusion that the rear army has retreated, so as to lure the Chu left army to attack, so that it can expose its flanks, and then the return army and the Chinese army carry out a joint attack, and the Chu left army is defeated. Ziyu collected his troops in time to avoid the defeat of the Chinese army. When the Chu army retreated to Liangu (Xihuajing, Henan), Ziyu committed suicide. In this battle, Jin Wengong and Xianzhen, etc., made full use of diplomatic strategy before the decisive battle, which was a turning point from winning by strength to winning by strategy; In the decisive battle, the Jin army was first weak and then strong, each broke through, showed advantage to lure the enemy, and also developed tactically.

The Battle of Chengpu was a major battle between the Jin State and the Chu State after the alliance of Qi and Chu Zhaoling and the Battle of Song and Chu Hong, which was of great significance in the history of the Spring and Autumn Period. It stifled the northward expansion momentum of the Chu State, stabilized the situation in the Central Plains, and achieved the hegemony of the Jin State in the Central Plains.

As for the situation before the war, we have already explained it in Chapter 1. After the Battle of Hong, the Central Plains countries Zheng, Xu, Chen, Cai, Lu, Wei, Cao, and Song all fell under the military authority of Chu, and King Cheng of Chu captured the valley of Qi and established Gongzi Yong, causing a threat to Qi. At that time, the state of Chu could be said to be powerful and prestigious. Since the accession of Duke Wen, the Jin State has rectified internal affairs, developed the economy, strengthened the military, respected the royal family externally, and contacted Qi and Qin to fight for hegemony in the Central Plains with the Chu State. The battle between Jin and Chu was inevitable. This is the fundamental reason for the Battle of Chengpu.

The direct cause of the Battle of Chengpu was the rejection of Chu by the Jin aid Song. In the eighteenth year of King Xiang of Zhou, Duke Song Cheng had an old friendship with Duke Wen because his father Xianggong had treated Duke Wen of Jin well, so he "rebelled against Chu and Jin". In winter, King Chu Cheng ordered Yin Ziyu and Sima Zixi to lead an army to attack the Song Dynasty and besiege Yiyi. In the winter of the following year, Chu led Chen, Cai, Zheng, and Xu to surround the Song State, and the Song State reported to the Jin Dynasty. The marshal of the Jinzhong Army said: "Report to help the trouble, take the power and hegemony, so it is in the end." "Jin Wengong adopted the advice of the first and prepared to raise troops to save the Song. He inspected the army in the Lu, expanded the three armies, and appointed generals, thus opening the prelude to the Battle of Chengpu.

The Jin monarchs attached great importance to this military operation and determined the policy of political, diplomatic, and military warfare. Militarily, it was decided not to save Song directly, but to crusade against Cao and Wei first. Because "" Chu Shi got Cao and was newly married to Wei, if Cao and Wei were killed, Chu would save them, and Qi and Song would be exempted. "This plan to control the enemy can not only lure the Chu division to the north, but also sit back and wait for the work. In the spring of the twentieth year of King Xiang of Zhou, the Jin State dispatched three armies and 700 chariots to attack Cao, borrowing the road to the guard, but the guards did not allow it. The Jin army then made a detour south and crossed the Yellow River at the Nanhe River. On the ninth day of the first month, Wulu captured the defense of the country. And waved his army to the east, captured the Yu, and sent an envoy to the Qi country. In February, Duke Wen of Jin formed an alliance with Duke Xiao of Qi and succeeded in pulling the state of Qi to his side. Wei Hou saw that the Jin army was pressing, and Jin and Qi formed an alliance again, and asked to participate in the alliance, but Jin Wengong did not agree. Wei Hou wanted to get close to Chu again, but the people did not agree, so they expelled Wei Hou. The Jin army defended the country without a fight.

Before the war, the state of Lu followed the state of Chu. When the Jin army was attacking and defending, Lu Zeng sent Gongzi to buy to help defend the country.

Seeing that the Jin army was strong, the Marquis of Wei fled, and the Chu State did not succeed in saving the guard, so the State of Lu recalled Gongzi to buy and kill him. On the one hand, he reported to the Jin State that he had raised troops without authorization, and on the other hand, he reported to the Chu State that he had not completed the defensive task, played double-faced, and waited for the victor. In March, the Jin army moved south to attack Cao. On the twelfth, it invaded Caodu.

The Jin army attacked Cao and Wei, intending to lure the Chu army north. But the Chu army did not take the bait, and stormed the Song state, and the Song once again complained to the Jin army. If the Jin army went south to save the Song, the strategic intention of luring Chu to the north could not be implemented. If you don't go south to save the Song Dynasty, you will lose the Song State and fall into a strategic passive position. Faced with this situation, Doctor Jin Xianzhen also suggested: Let the envoys of the Song State bribe Qi and Qin, so that Qi and Qin persuade Chu to withdraw their troops. Jin captured Cao Gonggong and gave Cao and Wei's fields to the Song people in order to anger the Chu people and force them not to listen to the persuasion of Qi and Qin. Qi and Qin persuaded Chu to fail, and they must have strengthened their position on the side of the Jin State and decided to send troops to fight against Chu. This is Jin's second high move.

King Chu Cheng saw that the Jin army had broken Cao and formed an alliance with Qi and Qin, and that the situation in the Central Plains had changed, so he retreated to Shenyi, ordered the doctor Shen Shu to withdraw from the Guyi that captured Qi, ordered Yin Ziyu to withdraw the army besieging Song, and warned Ziyu: "There is no way to enter the army!" The Marquis of Jin is outside, nineteen years, and the Kingdom of Jin is difficult and difficult, and it is ready to taste. The feelings of the people are false, and they know everything.

Ziyu received reinforcements from King Chu Cheng and became even more arrogant. He sent Wanchun to the Jin army and said: "Please restore the Marquis of Wei and seal Cao, and the ministers will also release the siege of the Song Dynasty." "Although Ziyu is arrogant, as the Ling Yin of the Chu State, he is not unscrupulous, and his plan is to kill three birds with one stone. If Jin agreed to his request, then Cao, Wei, and Song would all be grateful to the state of Chu. If Jin did not agree to his request, then the three kingdoms of Cao, Wei, and Song would resent Jin. Master Jin immediately fell into Ziyu's trap and said, "Ziyu is rude! The king takes one, the minister takes two, and he can't lose it," advocated rejecting Ziyu's suggestion. But the commander of the Jinzhong army saw through Ziyu's mechanism and said: "Zihe! It is a rite to set a person. Chu decided the Three Kingdoms with one word, and I died with one word. I am rude, why fight? So, the Jin State privately promised to restore Cao and Wei, let them sever relations with the Chu State, and detain the Chu envoy Wanchun to provoke Ziyu. This is the third high move that the Jin Kingdom has come out of. Ziyu, who has always been arrogant and arrogant, couldn't bear this kind of stimulation, and boldly led the army north to attack the Jin army, and was finally led by the Jin army.

At the beginning, when Duke Wen of Jin was displaced as a son, he passed through the state of Chu and was entertained by King Cheng of Chu. At the banquet, King Cheng asked Duke Wen: "If the prince is against the Jin Kingdom, why can't he repay the grain?" Duke Wen replied: "If you use the spirit of the king, you will have to oppose the Jin Kingdom." Jin Chu ruled the army, met in the Central Plains, and its three houses (thirty miles and one house). "This time, Duke Wen really fulfilled his promise, and in the face of the attack of the Chu army, he ordered to retreat from Cao State and stationed in Chengpu with the Song, Qi, and Qin teams. Ziyu led the army to advance rapidly, relying on the hills and dangerous obstacles to set up camp, and the two armies confronted each other in Chengpu. Jin Wengong retreated, ostensibly to repay the courtesy given by King Chu Cheng before, but in fact, he used the tactics of "humble and arrogant" and "angry and scratched" to lure the enemy, and Ziyu took the bait again.

Chu Ziyu sent the general Dou Bo to ask the Duke of Jin Wen to fight, saying: "Please play with the gentleman's soldiers, the gentleman will look at it by his own eyes, and he will be a minister (Ziyu's name) and Yu Muyan," showing an arrogant atmosphere. Jin Luanzhi replied quite humbly: "The widow is fateful. Chu Jun's favor, not dare to forget, is here. For the doctor's retreat, he dares to be a king? Neither was ordered, but dared to annoy the doctor and called the second and third sons: ring the car, respecting the monarch's affairs, and meeting each other. "The lineup of the two sides at the time of the battle in Chengpu was: the third army of Jin, that is, the first marshal, commanding the Chinese army, assisted by Yin Qin, and the fox Mao commanded the upper army, and the fox Yan assisted. Luan Zhi led the army, assisted by Xu Chen. The state of Chu is also the three armies, that is, Yin Ziyu is ordered to lead the Chinese army with the six pawns of Ruo Ao. Zixi (Dou Yishen) commanded the right army. Zishang commanded the left army. Chu's vassal states Zheng and Xu Jun were attached to the Chu Left Army, and Chen and Cai Jun were attached to the Chu Right Army.

On April 6, the Jin army waited for the Chu army at Chengpu. Ziyu arrogantly claimed: "There will be no advance in the day. When the two armies came into contact, Zuo Xuchen of the Jin army led his troops to cover the horse with tiger skin, and first attacked the Chen and Cai armies on the right flank of Chu, and the Chen and Cai armies fled in horror, and the right army of Chu was defeated. Seeing the rout of the right army, Chu Ziyu and Zishang were furious and strengthened their offensive against the Jinzhong army and the Shang army. On the right flank of the Jin Dynasty, the fox fur set up generals and two banners, ordered the two banners to retreat, and lured the Chu army. The Luan Zhi Department of the Jin Army also retreated in camouflage by running with vehicles dragging branches. Chu Ziyu thought that the right wing of Jin was defeated and retreated, so the left army of Chu pursued, so he ignored the rout of Chen, Cai and the right wing army. When the Chu Left Army pursued the Jin Shang Army, the flanks were exposed, Jin Xianzhen and Yin Qin led the Chinese army to intercept and intercept, and the Fox Mao and Hu Yan led the Shang Army to attack the Chu Left Army, and the Chu Left Army was defeated. Chu Ziyu saw that the left and right armies were defeated, so he ordered the Chinese army to stop the attack and was undefeated. Ziyu led the remnants of the army to withdraw from the battlefield, and the Jin army entered the camp of the Chu army, and after resting for three days, the division was victorious.

The First Battle of Chengpu established hegemony for Duke Wen of Jin, and the northward advance of Chu was frustrated and forced to retreat to the area south of Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain. The princes of the Central Plains all went to the dynasty and the Jin Kingdom.

In the Battle of Chengpu, although the armies of Song, Qi, and Qin arrived at Chengpu, they did not participate in the actual battle. The Jin State defeated more than 100,000 troops of the Chu, Chen, Cai, Zheng, and Xu allied forces with 700 chariots and more than 50,000 troops, which was a battle in which fewer won more. The victory of the Jin State lies in the fact that the Jin State finally defeated the Chu State because it realized that Chu was a strong enemy, and the monarchs and ministers united as one, carefully planned politically, diplomatically, and militarily, and firmly grasped the initiative in the war. This is not the case in the state of Chu. Since Chu's victory over Song Xianggong, none of the princes of the Central Plains has been invincible, and the officers and soldiers have developed a vain arrogance. Although Ziyu is a generation of generals, not only can he not get rid of the accumulated shortcomings, but he is even more arrogant. In the face of such a big war, he was rash and took it lightly, and as a result, he was led by the nose, which led to the defeat of the war. King Cheng of Chu received the report of the defeat of the Chu army, and sent someone to accuse Ziyu and said: "If the doctor enters, what is the old man who is willing to rest?" Ziyu committed suicide in shame.

On April 27, the Jin army entered Zheng Guohengyong (west of Yuanyang County, Henan, on the south bank of the Yellow River at that time), and built the king's palace at Jiantu (close to Hengyong, which was also on the south bank of the Yellow River at that time, on the north bank of the Yellow River at Huayuankou, Henan), and offered prisoners to King Xiang. King Xiang of Zhou ordered Duke Wen of Jin to be "Uncle Hou". Duke Wen of Jin asked the princes to "reward the royal family, and there is no harm to each other." There is this alliance of Chongqing, the gods are killed, and there is no country of Kezuo". Under the banner of "Respect the King", Duke Wen of Jin naturally ascended to the throne of the overlord.

As the saying goes, "strike first to be strong, then to suffer". Militarily, "preemptive strike" is also an important proposition. As early as in the "Zuo Biography," there was a reference to "the ancestors had the heart to win others," and later generations also emphasized that "soldiers are noble first" and "I would rather be thin than no one should be inferior to me," which means that they advocate striving for the advantage of being the first to be the first in battle. However, things are not absolute. Under certain conditions, "striking at the rear" is also an important means of military struggle, and there is a dialectical unity between it and "striking first." Its essence is active defense, that is, offensive defense with defense as a means and counteroffensive as the goal, which often becomes an important magic weapon for the weaker side to defeat the enemy. ”

After the text was finished, he immediately turned around and left, leaving a sentence: "Remember my wine." (To be continued.) )