Shen Liang looked at the two people in front of him, but the two of them were speechless at the moment, unable to say anything, at this time, Shen Liang sighed and said, "Why don't you say something?" ”

The stipe immediately said, "I don't know." Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info"

Shen Liang was almost angry to death immediately, but he still relieved himself and said, "The third time I beat the drum and charged, the morale disappeared completely. The morale of the Qi army has been completely lost, but on the contrary, the morale of our army is very strong, and if we carry out a counterattack at this time, we will naturally be able to defeat the Qi army in one fell swoop." Then Cao Di explained the reason why he did not immediately launch a pursuit: after all, Qi is a powerful country, and it should not be taken lightly, but it must be beware of its feigned defeat and ambush to avoid undeserved defeat. Later, seeing that their ruts were out of order, and seeing that their flags were crooked, he boldly suggested a battlefield pursuit. After saying this, Lu Zhuang was convinced and nodded yes. From Cao Di's pre-war decision-making, battlefield command, and post-war analysis, we can see that the victory of the Lu army in the Battle of Long Spoon is inevitable. Before the war, the rulers of the Lu State made political preparations to "win the trust of the people", which created favorable conditions for launching military operations. During the operation, Lu Zhuanggong was able to humbly listen to Cao Di's correct operational command opinions, follow the principle of striking at the rear, fighting the enemy when the enemy is exhausted, holding on to the enemy's active defense, and counterattacking at the right time, correctly select the battlefield, and correctly grasp the timing of the counterattack and pursuit, thus firmly grasping the initiative in the war and winning a major victory in the campaign. It can be seen that although the scale of the Battle of the Long Spoon was not large, it correctly reflected the basic laws and principles of the battle of a weak army against a strong army. Therefore, it has always been praised by the soldiers of all generations. The Battle of Long Spoon was a rare setback in the history of Qi Huangong's struggle for hegemony, and it was also a rare victory for Lu in Luqi's long-term struggle. It had a certain influence on Qi Huangong's adjustment and improvement of his strategic policy of striving for hegemony. There is also the aforementioned one: the Lu army was victorious, and Zhuang Gong ordered the pursuit. Cao Di believed that Qi was a big country with strong troops, and it was not easy to determine whether it was really defeated, and it was likely that there was another ambush to prevent Zhuang Gong from issuing a pursuit order. He climbed the hill and looked, saw that the Qi army was in disarray, and the weapons were upside down, and got out of the car to observe that the ruts of the Qi army's chariot were very chaotic, and judged that the Qi army was really defeated, so he proposed a bold pursuit to Zhuang Gong. Under the order of Duke Zhuang, the Lu army fought fiercely and pursued, dealt a heavy blow to the Qi army, captured a large number of armor soldiers and baggage, drove the Qi army out of the country, and shot and killed the son of Qi Huan, Gongzi Yong, washing away the shame suffered by the battle when it was dry, and the country was revitalized. After the victory of the Lu army, Zhuang Gong and Cao Di discussed the reasons for the victory and defeat of the war. Cao Di said: Fighting is all about courage, "one drum of energy" (in ancient times, soldiers were used to "beat the drum to advance", and when the drum sounded, the courage was exerted); "Decline again", beat the drum again, and the courage declines; "Three and exhaustion", the courage of three drumming is gone. "He is exhausted and I am profitable", the enemy is exhausted, and I am full of vigor at the beginning, so I can defeat the enemy. As for the question of pursuit, Cao Di said: "The husband is a big country, unpredictable, and afraid of ambushes," and "I regard its chaos and hope that it will be beautiful," so he agreed to order the pursuit. And this paragraph is the famous Cao Di polemic, that is, this war made this person famous all over the world. ”

Suddenly, the stipe and the text immediately nodded one after another.

At this moment, Shen Liang continued: "Then do you know the Battle of Chengpu? ”

The stipe and the text shook their heads again.

At this time, Shen Liang then explained: "The Battle of Chengpu took place in the 28th year of the reign of Lu Xugong, and it was the first strategic decisive battle between Jin and Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period to compete for hegemony in the Central Plains. In this war, the Chu army had an advantage in strength, but because the Jin army was good at "scheming" and "slashing relations", and adopted the correct policy of exploiting strengths and avoiding weaknesses and taking preemptive action in the campaign guidance, it finally defeated the invincible Chu army, "taking power and hegemony", and dominating the Central Plains.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, great powers competed for hegemony, and the first to rise was the Qi State in the East. After the death of Duke Huan of Qi, Qi was in turmoil, and the hegemony came to an end. At this time, the state of Chu, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, took the opportunity to expand its power to the Yellow River Valley, and thwarted Song Xianggong's attempt to dominate in the Battle of Hongshui, and developed its sphere of influence between the Yangtze River, the Huai River, the Yellow River, and the Han River, and controlled many small and medium-sized countries such as Zheng, Cai, Wei, Song, and Lu. Just as the power of the Chu State was rapidly developing to the north, the Jin State in Shanxi, northern Henan, and southwestern Hebei also flourished. In 636 AD, Chong'er, the son of Jin, who had been in exile for a long time, went through hardships and finally returned to China to ascend the throne as Duke Wen of Jin. After he came to power, he cultivated politics internally, appointed talents to enable them, developed the economy, admired frugality and economy, and reorganized the army and the military; Externally, they held high the banner of "respecting the king" and won the country, thus gradually possessing a strong strength to compete for hegemony in the Central Plains.

The growth and rise of the Jin State caused serious unease in the Chu State. As a result, the contradictions between the two countries have become increasingly acute. And the control over the Song State finally led to a full-scale intensification of this conflict.

In 634 BC, due to the alliance with Cao and Wei, the state of Lu was attacked by the state of Qi several times, so he asked the state of Chu for assistance. After the Battle of Hongshui, the Song State was forced to submit to Chu, and at this time, seeing the increasing strength of the Jin State after the accession of Duke Wen of Jin, he turned to the Jin State. In order to maintain its dominant position in the Central Plains, the state of Chu sent troops to attack Qi and Song, and wanted to use this to curb the eastward and southward advance of the Jin forces. And the Jin State was not willing to be confined to the north of the Yellow River for a long time, so it took advantage of this opportunity to send troops to the Central Plains in the name of saving the Song Dynasty.

In the winter of 633 BC, King Cheng of Chu led a coalition of Chu, Zheng, Chen, and Cai to attack the Song State and besiege the Song capital Shangqiu. Song Chenggong sent the great Sima Gongsun Gu to the Jin Kingdom for help in the crisis. The first doctor of the Jin State thought that this was a good opportunity to "report for relief and take the power of hegemony", and strongly advocated that Jin Wengong send troops. However, at that time, the Jin and Song were separated by Cao and Wei, and there was a danger of encountering the enemy on the side; Moreover, the Chu army is strong, and there is no certainty of victory in a head-to-head confrontation. Just when Jin Wengong hesitated about this, Hu Yan then made a suggestion to Jin Wengong: first attack Cao and Wei, and mobilize the Chu army to the north to relieve the Song State, which strengthened Jin Wengong's determination to send troops. After the strategic policy was determined, the monarchs and ministers of the Jin State immediately carried out pre-war preparations, expanded the original two armies into three armies, and appointed a group of relatively outstanding aristocratic officials to serve as the generals of each army. When ready, Duke Wen of Jin crossed the Yellow River with his army in January 632 BC, attacked Weiguo, and soon occupied the entire Weidi. Then, the Jin army launched another attack on Cao, and in March, they conquered Taoqiu, the capital of Cao, and captured Cao Gonggong, the monarch of Cao.

The original intention of the Jin army to attack Cao and Wei was to lure the Chu army north, but the Chu army was unmoved and still besieged Shangqiu, the capital of the Song Dynasty. So the Song State sent Men Yin to ask Jin for help. This made Jin Wengong feel in a dilemma: if he did not send troops to help, the Song State would not be able to support it, and he would definitely surrender Chu and destroy his plan to dominate the Central Plains; However, if troops are sent to help, the original strategic intention of inducing the Chu army to fight a decisive battle in the land of Cao and Wei will be frustrated, and their own forces are limited, and it may be difficult to win a battle with the Chu army when they are far from home. For this reason, Jin Wengong once again convened the ministers for discussion. Xian Zhen carefully analyzed the situation and suggested that the Song State should be ostensibly alienated from the Jin State, and then the Song State would come forward and send a generous gift to the Qi and Qin countries, and they would ask the Chu army to withdraw its troops. At the same time, the Jin State donated part of the land of Cao and Wei to the Song State to strengthen the Song State's determination to resist Chu. Chu was originally allied with Cao and Wei, and if they saw that Cao and Wei's land was occupied by Song, they would definitely reject Qi and Qin's persuasion. After Qi and Qin accepted the generous gifts of the Song State, they would complain that the Chu State did not listen to persuasion, so they sided with the Jin State and sent troops to fight against the Chu State. Jin Wengong was quite appreciative of this plan and immediately implemented it one by one. King Chu Cheng really refused the mediation of Qi and Qin, and Qi and Qin were also very angry when they saw that Chu did not give themselves face, so they sent troops to help Jin. Qi and Qin were both great powers at the time, and their abandonment of their neutrality led to a major change in the balance of power between Jin and Chu.

King Cheng of Chu saw that the three major kingdoms of Jin, Qi, and Qin had formed an alliance, and the situation was obviously unfavorable to him. He took the initiative to retreat the Chu army to the Shen land of the Chu State, and ordered the doctor Shen Shu who was guarding Guyi to quickly evacuate the Qi State, and asked Yin Ziyu to withdraw the main force of the Chu army from the Song State to avoid conflict with the Jin army. He warned Ziyu that Jin Wengong is not an idle person, not to be underestimated, everything must be done according to his ability, stop in moderation, and retreat in the face of difficulties. However, Ziyu was arrogant and conceited, and could not listen to the advice of King Chu Cheng at all, and still insisted that King Chu Cheng allow him to fight a decisive battle with the Jin army in order to dispel rumors about his incompetence in command, and asked King Chu Cheng to increase his troops. King Chu Cheng was indecisive and agreed to Ziyu's request for a decisive battle, hoping that he would win by luck; However, he refused to give Ziyu enough troops for the decisive battle, and only sent a small number of troops such as Xiguang, Donggong and Ruoao's six pawns to reinforce him.

After Ziyu received this part of the reinforcements sent by King Chu Cheng, he strengthened his determination to fight against the Jin army. In order to find an excuse for a decisive battle, he sent an envoy Wan Chun to deliberately propose a "truce" to the Jin army: the Jin army withdrew from Cao and Wei and let Cao and Wei restore the country, and the Chu army lifted the siege of the Song capital and evacuated the Song state. Ziyu's move was ill-intentioned, in fact, to make the Jin State give up its efforts to dominate the Central Plains and order the princes. However, Jin Wen Gongqi was a master and adopted a more clever countermeasure from Xianzhen: on the one hand, he planned to do what he planned, and on the premise that Cao and Wei broke off diplomatic relations with Chu State, he privately promised to let Cao and Wei restore the country. In addition, he detained Wan Chun, the envoy of the Chu State, to provoke Ziyu to seek war. Seeing that the envoy was detained, Cao and Wei rebelled against the Jin, Ziyu was really annoyed and angry, relying on the superiority of the combined forces of Chu, Chen, and Cai, and rushed to the Jin army with great momentum, seeking a strategic decisive battle. Seeing that the Chu army was approaching Taoqiu, the capital of Cao, in order to avoid the edge of the Chu army, Jin Wengong chose a favorable decisive time to lure the enemy deep and strike backwards, so he ordered the troops to take the initiative to "retreat" and withdraw to the predetermined battlefield - Chengpu.

The Jin army's "retreat and retreat" was actually an important trick of the Jin Wengong to strategically defeat the enemy, and it won the initiative politically -- "the king retreats from the subordinates and makes mistakes, and the bend is the other," which won the sympathy of public opinion. It has created an advantage in military affairs - it is convenient to meet with the ** teams of the Qi and Qin alliances and concentrate troops; Stimulate the emotions of the Jin army's soldiers; First on the battlefield, wait for work and so on. Thus laying a solid foundation for the Jin army to strike backwards and win the decisive battle. Regarding the Jin army's voluntary retreat, many people in the Chu army felt that something was wrong, and advocated holding on to the situation and stopping the pursuit. However, Ziyu, who was stubborn and self-serving, thought that this was a good time to gather and annihilate the Jin army and recapture Cao and Wei, and waved his troops to follow and chase to Chengpu. ”

At this moment, the text couldn't help but sigh: "This is the famous battle of Chengpu in history!" I see. ”

The stalk looked dazed and said, "But I don't understand!" ”

At this moment, Shen Liang glanced at the text and said, "Okay, that's all for today's class, if you don't understand, just ask the text, he already understands." ”

At this moment, the stipe nodded. (To be continued.) )